Sung-Hong Park — Page 3

arXiv2010

The variation of relative magnetic helicity around major flares

We have investigated the variation of magnetic helicity over a span of several days around the times of 11 X-class flares which occurred in seven active regions (NOAA 9672, 10030, 10314, 10486, 10564, 10696, and 10720) using the magnetograms taken by the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). As a major result we found that each of these major flares was preceded by a significant helicity accumulation over a long period (0.5 to a few days). Another finding is that the helicity accumulates at a nearly constant rate and then becomes nearly constant before the flares. This led us to distinguish the helicity variation into two phases: a phase of monotonically increasing helicity and the following phase of relatively constant helicity. As expected, the amount of helicity accumulated shows a modest correlation with time-integrated soft X-ray flux during flares. However, the average helicity change rate in the first phase shows even stronger correlation with the time-integrated soft X-ray flux. We discuss the physical implications of this result and the possibility that this characteristic helicity variation pattern can be used as an early warning sign for solar eruptions.

astro-ph.SR↗

arXiv1998

The Effect of Bright Lenses in the Astrometric Measurements of MACHO Proper Motion

In current microlensing experiments, the information about the physical parameters of individual lenses are obtained from the Einstein timescales. However, the nature of MACHOs is still very uncertain despite the large number of detected events. This uncertainty is mainly due to the degeneracy of the lens parameters in the measured Einstein timescales. The degeneracy can be lifted in a general fashion if the angular Einstein ring radius $θ_{\rm E}$, and thus the MACHO proper motion, can be measured by conducting accurate astrometric measurements of centroid displacement in the source star image. In this paper, we analyze the influence of bright lenses on the astrometric measurements of the centroid displacement and investigate this effect on the determination of $θ_{\rm E}$. We find that if an event is caused by a bright lens, the centroid displacement is distorted by the flux of the lens and resulting astrometric ellipse becomes rounder and smaller with increasing lens brightness, causing an incorrect determination of the angular Einstein ring radius. A lens-blended event cannot be distinguished from a dark lens event from the trajectory of the measured centroid displacements alone because both events have elliptical trajectories: the degeneracy between dark and bright lens events. We also find that even with information from the analysis of the light curve of the event it will still be difficult to resolve the degeneracy caused by the bright lens because the light curve is also affected by lens blending.

astro-ph↗