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Susanne Reffert

Publications and source records attributed to Susanne Reffert.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

Quantum crystals, Kagome lattice and plane partitions fermion-boson duality

In this work, we study quantum crystal melting in three space dimensions. Using an equivalent description in terms of dimers in a hexagonal lattice, we recast the crystal melting Hamiltonian as an occupancy problem in a Kagome lattice. The Hilbert space is spanned by states labeled by plane partitions and writing them as a product of interlaced integer partitions, we define a fermion-boson duality for plane partitions. Finally, based upon the latter result we conjecture that the growth operators for the quantum Hamiltonian can be represented in terms of the affine Yangian ${\cal Y}[\widehat{\mathfrak{gl}}(1)]$.

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S-duality and correlation functions at large R-charge

We study the ratio of pairs of adjacent correlators of Coulomb-branch operators in $SU(2)$ $\mathcal{N}=2$ SQCD with four flavors within the framework of the Large Quantum Number Expansion. Capitalizing on the order-by-order S-duality invariance of the large-R-charge expansion we compute ab initio the dependence of the leading large-$\mathcal{J}$ behavior on the marginal coupling $τ$ and we find excellent agreement with numerical estimates from localization.

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Charging the Conformal Window

We investigate the properties of near-conformal dynamics in a sector of large charge when approaching the lower boundary of the conformal window from the chirally broken phase. To elucidate our approach we use the time-honored example of the phenomenologically relevant SU(2) color theory featuring $N_f$ Dirac fermions transforming in the fundamental representation of the gauge group. In the chirally broken phase we employ the effective pion Lagrangian featuring also a pseudo-dilaton to capture a possible smooth conformal-to-non-conformal phase transition. We charge the baryon symmetry of the Lagrangian and study its impact on the ground state and spectrum of the theory as well as the would-be conformal dimensions of the lowest large-charge operator. We moreover study the effects of and dependence on the fermion mass term.

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A safe CFT at large charge

We apply the large-charge limit to the first known example of a four-dimensional gauge-Yukawa theory featuring an ultraviolet interacting fixed point in all couplings. We determine the energy of the ground state in presence of large fixed global charges and deduce the global symmetry breaking pattern. We show that the fermions decouple at low energy leaving behind a confining Yang-Mills theory and a characteristic spectrum of type I (relativistic) and type II (non-relativistic) Goldstone bosons. Armed with the knowledge acquired above we finally arrive at establishing the conformal dimensions of the theory as a triple expansion in the large-charge, the number of flavors and the controllably small inverse gauge coupling constant at the UV fixed point. Our results unveil a number of noteworthy properties of the low-energy spectrum, vacuum energy and conformal properties of the theory. They also allow us to derive a new consistency condition for the relative sizes of the couplings at the fixed point.

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Large charge at large N

We apply the large-charge expansion to O(N) vector models starting from first principles, focusing on the Wilson-Fisher point in three dimensions. We compute conformal dimensions at zero and finite temperature at fixed charge Q, concentrating on the regime $1 \ll N \ll Q$. Our approach places the earlier effective field theory treatment on firm ground and extends its predictions.

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$O(d,d)$ transformations preserve classical integrability

In this note, we study the action of $O(d,d)$ transformations on the integrable structure of two-dimensional non-linear sigma models via the doubled formalism. We construct the Lax pairs associated with the $O(d,d)$-transformed model and find that they are in general non-local because they depend on the winding modes. We conclude that every $O(d,d;\mathbb{R})$ deformation preserves integrability. As an application we compute the Lax pairs for continuous families of deformations, such as $J\bar{J}$ marginal deformations and TsT transformations of the three-sphere with $H$-flux.

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Yang-Baxter deformations and generalized supergravity -- A short summary

Integrable deformations of type IIB superstring theory on $\mathrm{AdS}_5\times S^5$ have played an important role over the last years. The Yang-Baxter deformation is a systematic way of generating such integrable deformations. Since its introduction, this topic has seen important conceptual progress and has among others led to the intriguing discovery generalized supergravity, a new low-energy effective theory. This review endeavors to not only introduce the historical development of the Yang-Baxter deformation, but also its relation to generalized supergravity, non-geometric backgrounds, non-abelian T-duality and preserved Killing spinors. We supplement the general treatment with a wealth of explicit examples.

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On the CFT Operator Spectrum at Large Global Charge

We calculate the anomalous dimensions of operators with large global charge $J$ in certain strongly coupled conformal field theories in three dimensions, such as the O(2) model and the supersymmetric fixed point with a single chiral superfield and a $W = Φ^3$ superpotential. Working in a $1/J$ expansion, we find that the large-$J$ sector of both examples is controlled by a conformally invariant effective Lagrangian for a Goldstone boson of the global symmetry. For both these theories, we find that the lowest state with charge $J$ is always a scalar operator whose dimension $Δ_J$ satisfies the sum rule $ J^2 Δ_J - \left( \tfrac{J^2}{2} + \tfrac{J}{4} + \tfrac{3}{16} \right) Δ_{J-1} - \left( \tfrac{J^2}{2} - \tfrac{J}{4} + \tfrac{3}{16} \right) Δ_{J+1} = 0.035147 $ up to corrections that vanish at large $J$. The spectrum of low-lying excited states is also calculable explcitly: For example, the second-lowest primary operator has spin two and dimension $Δ\ll J + \sqrt{3}$. In the supersymmetric case, the dimensions of all half-integer-spin operators lie above the dimensions of the integer-spin operators by a gap of order $J^{1/2}$. The propagation speeds of the Goldstone waves and heavy fermions are $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$ and $\pm \frac{1}{2}$ times the speed of light, respectively. These values, including the negative one, are necessary for the consistent realization of the superconformal symmetry at large $J$.

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Universal correlation functions in rank 1 SCFTs

Carrying to higher precision the large-$\mathcal{J}$ expansion of Hellerman and Maeda, we calculate to all orders in $1/\mathcal{J}$ the power-law corrections to the two-point functions $\mathcal{Y}_n \equiv |x - y|^{2nΔ_{\mathcal{O}}} \langle {\mathcal{O}}_n(x) \bar{\mathcal{O}}_n(y) \rangle$ for generators $\mathcal{O}$ of Coulomb branch chiral rings in four-dimensional $\mathcal{N} =2$ superconformal field theories. We show these correlators have the universal large-$n$ expansion \[ \log(\mathcal{Y}_n) \simeq \mathcal{J} \mathbf{A} + \mathbf{B} + \log(Γ( \mathcal{J} + α+ 1)) , \] where $\mathcal{J} \equiv 2 n Δ_{\mathcal{O}}$ is the total $R$-charge of $\mathcal{O}_n$, the $\mathbf{A}$ and $\mathbf{B}$ are theory-dependent coefficients, $α$ is the coefficient of the Wess-Zumino term for the Weyl $a$-anomaly, and the $\simeq$ denotes equality up to terms exponentially small in $\mathcal{J}$. Our methods combine the structure of the Coulomb-branch effective field theory (EFT) with the supersymmetric recursion relations. However, our results constrain the power-law corrections to all orders, even for non-Lagrangian theories to which the recursion relations do not apply. For the case of $\mathcal{N} = 2$ SQCD, we also comment on the nature of the exponentially small corrections, which can be calculated to high precision in the double-scaling limit recently discussed by Bourget et al. We show the exponentially small correction is consistent with the interpretation of the EFT breaking down due to the propagation of massive BPS particles over distances of order of the infrared scale $|x - y|$.

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Near-Conformal Dynamics at Large Charge

We investigate four-dimensional near-conformal dynamics by means of the large-charge limit. We first introduce and justify the formalism in which near-conformal invariance is insured by adding a dilaton and then determine the large-charge spectrum of the theory. The dilaton can also be viewed as the radial mode of the EFT. We calculate the two-point functions of charged operators. We discover that the mass of the dilaton, parametrising the near-breaking of conformal invariance, induces a novel term that is logarithmic in the charge. One can therefore employ the large-charge limit to explore near-conformal dynamics and determine dilaton-related properties.

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Conformal dimensions in the large charge sectors at the O(4) Wilson-Fisher fixed point

We study the O(4) Wilson-Fisher fixed point in 2+1 dimensions in fixed large-charge sectors identified by products of two spin-j representations $(j_L, j_R)$. Using effective field theory we derive a formula for the conformal dimensions $D(j_L, j_R)$ of the leading operator in terms of two constants, $c_{3/2}$ and $c_{1/2}$, when the sum $j_L + j_R$ is much larger than the difference $|j_L-j_R|$. We compute $D(j_L,j_R)$ when $j_L = j_R$ with Monte Carlo calculations in a discrete formulation of the O(4) lattice field theory, and show excellent agreement with the predicted formula and estimate $c_{3/2}=1.068(4)$ and $c_{1/2}=0.083(3)$.

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SUSY and the bi-vector

In this note we give an explicit formula for the preserved Killing spinors in deformed string theory backgrounds corresponding to integrable Yang--Baxter deformations realized via (sequences of) TsT transformations. The Killing spinors can be expressed only in terms of the bi-vector $Θ$ which encodes the deformation. This formula is applicable to deformed backgrounds related to $r$-matrices of various ranks, including those that do not satisfy the unimodularity condition and give rise to backgrounds in generalized supergravity. We conjecture that our formula also remains valid for integrable deformations which are not realized via TsT transformations and motivate this conjecture by explicit examples.

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The large-charge expansion for Schrödinger systems

In this note, we perform the large-charge expansion for non-relativistic systems with a global $U(1)$ symmetry in $3+1$ and $2+1$ space-time dimensions, motivated by applications to the unitary Fermi gas and anyons. These systems do not have full conformal invariance, but are invariant under the Schrödinger group. Also here, the low-energy physics is encoded by a Goldstone boson which is due to the breaking of the global symmetry when fixing the charge. We find that in $2+1$ dimensions and higher, there is a large-charge expansion in which quantum corrections are suppressed with respect to the next-to-leading order terms in the Lagrangian. We give the next-to-leading-order expressions for the ground state energy and the speed of sound.

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Killing spinors from classical r-matrices

The Yang-Baxter (YB) deformation is a systematic way of performibg integrable deformations of two-dimensional symmetric non-linear sigma models. The deformations can be labeled by classical $r$-matrices satisfying the classical YB equation. This YB deformation is also applicable to type IIB superstring theory defined on $\mathrm{AdS}_5\times S^5$. In this case, a simple class of YB deformation is associated with TsT transformations of string backgrounds. The data of this transformation is encoded in an antisymmetric bi-vector $Θ$ (which is often called $β$ field or non-commutativity parameter). In this article, we give a simple recipe for obtaining the explicit expression for the Killing spinors of the TsT transformed background starting from $Θ$. We moreover discuss the M-theory equivalent of the TsT transformation, allowing us to also give Killing spinors of 11-dimensional backgrounds. We discuss examples of TsT transformed backgrounds starting from flat space, $\mathrm{AdS}_{5}\times S^5$ and $\mathrm{AdS}_{7}\times S^4$. We find that in this way we can relate the $Ω$-deformation to YB deformations.

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An AdS/EFT correspondence at large charge

Considering theories in sectors of large global charge $Q$ results in a semiclassical effective field theory (EFT) description for some strongly-coupled conformal field theories (CFTs) with continuous global symmetries. Hence, when studying dualities at large charge, we can have control over the strongly coupled side of the duality and gain perturbative access to both dual pairs. In this work we discuss the AdS/CFT correspondence in the regime $Q \gg C_T \gg 1$ where both the EFT and gravity descriptions are valid and stable ($C_T$ being the central charge). We present the observation that the ground state energy as a function of the Abelian charge $Q$ for a simple EFT in some three-dimensional CFT coincides with the expression for the mass of an anti-de Sitter-Reissner-Nordström black hole as a function of its charge. This observation allows us to introduce a dictionary relating CFT, EFT and holographic descriptions. We also find agreement for the higher-derivative corrections on both sides, suggesting a large-$C_T$ expansion on the EFT side.

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Extended Gauge Theory Deformations From~Flux~Backgrounds

We consider supersymmetric deformations of gauge theories in various dimensions obtained from a String Theory realisation of branes embedded in flux backgrounds. In particular we obtain deformations which take the form of Wilson line defects, where the R-symmetry is twisted into the gauge symmetry. Furthermore we construct higher-order generalisations, also expressed a twisting of the R-symmetry, that have symmetries associated to co-dimension two and three defects.

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String theory and the 4D/3D reduction of Seiberg duality. A Review

We review the reduction of four-dimensional N=1 Seiberg duality to three dimensions focusing on the D brane engineering approach. We start with an overview of four-dimensional Seiberg duality for theories with various types of gauge groups and matter content both from a field-theoretic and a brane engineering point of view. Then we describe two families of N=2 three-dimensional dualities, namely Giveon-Kutasov-like and Aharony-like dualities. The last part of our discussion is devoted to the 4D/3D reduction of the dualities studied above. We discuss both the analysis at finite radius, crucial for preserving the duality in the dimensional reduction, and the zero-size limit that must be supported by a real mass flow and a Higgsing, which can differ case by case. We show that this mechanism is reproduced in the brane description by T-duality, supplying a unified picture for all the different cases. As a bonus we show that this analysis provides a brane description for Aharony-like dualities.

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Matrix models at large charge

We show that the large-charge formalism can be successfully applied to models that go beyond the vector models discussed so far in the literature. We study the explicit example of a conformal $SU(3)$ matrix model in 2+1 space-time dimensions at fixed charge and calculate the anomalous dimension and fusion coefficients at leading order in the $U(1)$ charge.

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