arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Sushil Singla.
For primes $p\geq 5$, we determine those $q$ for which the projective special linear group $\psl{2}{q}$ over the finite field of order $q$ is $(2,p)$-generated -- that is, there exist two elements of $\psl{2}{q}$ of orders $2$ and $p$, respectively, that generate $\psl{2}{q}$.
Representations of the operator system determined by the canonical generators of the free product of two cyclic groups of order $2$ and $k$, or $d$ cyclic groups of order $2$, are studied for the purpose of shedding light on the noncommutative geometry of noncommutative $d$-cubes and $k$-prisms. By way of the duality of the categories NCConv and OpSys of noncommutative convex sets and operator systems, respectively, an analysis of noncommutative extreme points, exactness, the lifting property, automatic complete positivity, controlled completely positive extensions, tensor products, and operator system duality is undertaken. Of note is the pairing of two classical dilation theorems of Halmos and Mirman to give a complete description of the noncommutative triangular prism in terms of joint unitary dilations.
A $d$-tuple of bounded linear selfadjoint operators acting on an infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space is said to have the Smith-Ward property if the identity map of the image of the operator system in the Calkin algebra has a completely positive lift. In this paper, we focus on noncommutative geometric properties of a finite dimensional operator system with the goal of understanding how geometric information encoded by the essential matrix range of a spanning set of linear basis for the operator system implies the Smith-Ward property. Some geometric objects of special interest in this paper include one form of noncommutative complex Euclidean ball and maximal noncommutative cubes and polydiscs, as well as some extremal compact matrix convex sets, $K^{\rm min}$ or $K^{\rm max}$, determined by a given compact convex subset $K$ of $\mathbb R^d$.
We find expressions for the Gateaux derivative of the matrix norms in operator spaces, and operator systems. Some applications of the results to quantum probability measures, states on C$^*$-algebras, and Birkhoff-James orthogonality are also presented.
An element of the algebra $M_n(\mathbb{F})$ of $n \times n$ matrices over a field $\mathbb{F}$ is called an involution if its square equals the identity matrix. Gustafson, Halmos, and Radjavi proved that any product of involutions in $M_n(\mathbb{F})$ can be expressed as a product of at most four involutions. In this article, we investigate the bijective linear preservers of the sets of products of two, three, or four involutions in $M_n(\mathbb{F})$.
We classify real or complex finite-dimensional $C^*$-algebras and their underlying fields from the properties of Birkhoff-James orthogonality. Application to strong Birkhoff-James orthogonality preservers is also given.
The main goal of the article is to prove that if $\mathcal A_1$ and $\mathcal A_2$ are Birkhoff-James isomorphic $C^*$-algebras over the fields $\mathbb F_1$ and $\mathbb F_2$, respectively and if $\mathcal A_1$ finite-dimensional, abelian of dimension greater than one, then $\mathbb F_1=\mathbb F_2$ and $\mathcal A_1$ and $\mathcal A_2$ are (isometrically) $\ast$-isomorphic $C^*$-algebras. Furthermore, it is also proved that for a finite-dimensional $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal A$, we have $\mathcal L_{\mathcal A}^\bot$ is the sum of minimal ideals which are not skew-fields and $\mathcal L_{\mathcal A}^{\bot\bot}$ is the sum of minimal ideals which are skew-fields, where $\mathcal L_{\mathcal A}$ denotes the set of all left-symmetric elements in $\mathcal A$ and for any subset $\mathcal S\subseteq \mathcal A$, the set $\mathcal S^\bot$ represents the set of all elements of $\mathcal A$ which are Birkhoff-James orthogonal to $\mathcal S$. A procedure to extract the minimal ideals which are (commutative) fields is also given.
Let $1 \leq k < n$ be integers. Two $n \times n$ matrices $A$ and $B$ form a parallel pair with respect to the $k$-numerical radius $w_k$ if $w_k(A + μB) = w_k(A) + w_k(B)$ for some scalar $μ$ with $|μ| = 1$; they form a TEA (triangle equality attaining) pair if the preceding equation holds for $μ= 1$. We classify linear bijections on $\mathbb M_n$ and on $\mathbb H_n$ which preserve parallel pairs or TEA pairs. Such preservers are scalar multiples of $w_k$-isometries, except for some exceptional maps on $\mathbb H_n$ when $n=2k$.
A Banach space characterization of simple real or complex $C^*$-algebras is given which even characterizes the underlying field. As an application, it is shown that if $\mathfrak A_1$ and $\mathfrak A_2$ are Birkhoff-James isomorphic simple $C^*$-algebras over the fields $\mathbb F_1$ and $\mathbb F_2$, respectively and if $\mathfrak A_1$ is finite-dimensional with dimension greater than one, then $\mathbb F_1=\mathbb F_2$ and $\mathfrak A_1$ and $\mathfrak A_2$ are (isometrically) $\ast$-isomorphic $C^*$-algebras.
In the last few decades, the concept of Birkhoff-James orthogonality has been used in several applications. In this survey article, the results known on the necessary and sufficient conditions for Birkhoff-James orthogonality in certain Banach spaces are mentioned. Their applications in studying the geometry of normed spaces are given. The connections between this concept of orthogonality, and the Gateaux derivative and the subdifferential set of the norm function are provided. Several interesting distance formulas can be obtained using the characterizations of Birkhoff-James orthogonality, which are also mentioned. In the end, some new results are obtained.
For an arbitrary normed space $\mathcal X$ over a field $\mathbb F \in \{ \mathbb R, \mathbb C \}$, we define the directed graph $Γ(\mathcal X)$ induced by Birkhoff-James orthogonality on the projective space $\mathbb P(\mathcal X)$, and also its nonprojective counterpart $Γ_0(\mathcal X)$. We show that, in finite-dimensional normed spaces, $Γ(\mathcal X)$ carries all the information about the dimension, smooth points, and norm's maximal faces. It also allows to determine whether the norm is a supremum norm or not, and thus classifies finite-dimensional abelian $C^\ast$-algebras among other normed spaces. We further establish the necessary and sufficient conditions under which the graph $Γ_0(\mathcal{R})$ of a (real or complex) Radon plane $\mathcal{R}$ is isomorphic to the graph $Γ_0(\mathbb F^2, \|\cdot\|_2)$ of the two-dimensional Hilbert space and construct examples of such nonsmooth Radon planes.
Two bounded linear operators $A$ and $B$ are parallel with respect to a norm $\|\cdot\|$ if $\|A+μB\| = \|A\| + \|B\|$ for some scalar $μ$ with $|μ| = 1$. Characterization is obtained for bijective linear maps sending parallel bounded linear operators to parallel bounded linear operators with respect to the Ky-Fan $k$-norms.
Marc Rieffel had introduced the notion of the quantum Gromov-Hausdorff distance on compact quantum metric spaces and found a sequence of matrix algebras that converges to the space of continuous functions on $2$-sphere in this distance. One finds applications of similar approximations in many places in the theoretical physics literature. In this paper, we have defined a compact quantum metric space structure on the sequence of Toeplitz algebras on generalized Bergman spaces and have proved that the sequence converges to the space of continuous function on odd spheres in the quantum Gromov-Hausdorff distance.
Many interesting examples of operator algebras, both self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint, can be constructed from directed graphs. In this survey, we overview the construction of $C^*$-algebras from directed graphs and from two generalizations of graphs: higher rank graphs and categories of paths. We also look at free semigroupoid algebras generated from graphs and higher rank graphs, with an emphasis on the left regular free semigroupoid algebra. We give examples of specific graphs and the algebras they generate, and we discuss properties such as semisimplicity and reflexivity. Finally, we propose a new construction: applying the left regular free semigroupoid construction to categories of paths.
For a tuple of operators $\boldsymbol{A}= (A_1, \ldots, A_d)$, $\text{dist}(\boldsymbol{A}, \mathbb C^d \boldsymbol{I})$ is defined as $\min\limits_{\boldsymbol{z} \in \mathbb C^d} \|\boldsymbol{A-zI}\|$ and $\text{var}_x (\boldsymbol{A})$ as $\|\boldsymbol{A} x\|^2-\sum_{j=1}^d {\big|}\langle x| A_j x\rangle{\big|}^2.$ For a tuple $\boldsymbol{A}$ of commuting normal operators, it is known that $$\text{dist}(\boldsymbol{A}, \mathbb C^d \boldsymbol{I})^2=\sup_{\|x\|=1}\text{var}_x (\boldsymbol{A}).$$ We give an expression for the maximal joint numerical range of a tuple of doubly commuting matrices. Consequently, we obtain that the above distance formula holds for tuples of doubly commuting matrices. We also discuss some general conditions on the tuples of operators for this formula to hold. As a result, we obtain that it holds for tuples of Toeplitz operators as well.
We reconsider the theory of Lagrange interpolation polynomials with multiple interpolation points and apply it to linear algebra. For instance, $A$ be a linear operator satisfying a degree $n$ polynomial equation $P(A)=0$. One can see that the evaluation of a meromorphic function $F$ at $A$ is equal to $Q(A)$, where $Q$ is the degree $<n$ interpolation polynomial of $F$ with the the set of interpolation points equal to the set of roots of the polynomial $P$. In particular, for $A$ an $n \times n$ matrix, there is a common belief that for computing $F(A)$ one has to reduce $A$ to its Jordan form. Let $P$ be the characteristic polynomial of $A$. Then by the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, $P(A)=0$. And thus the matrix $F(A)$ can be found without reducing $A$ to its Jordan form. Computation of the Jordan form for $A$ involves many extra computations. In the paper we show that it is not needed. One application is to compute the matrix exponential for a matrix with repeated eigenvalues, thereby solving arbitrary order linear differential equations with constant coefficients.
An expression for the subdifferential of the joint numerical radius is obtained. Its applications to the best approximation problems in the joint numerical radius are discussed.
For a unital $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal A$ and a subspace $\mathcal B$ of $\mathcal A$, a characterization for a best approximation to an element of $\mathcal A$ in $\mathcal B$ is obtained. As an application, a formula for the distance of an element of $\mathcal A$ from $\mathcal B$ has been obtained, when a best approximation of that element to $\mathcal B$ exists. Further, a characterization for Birkhoff-James orthogonality of an element of a Hilbert $C^*$-module to a subspace is obtained.