Workplace Surveillance and Insider Threat Risk Management: Legal Limits and Privacy Harms
Workplace surveillance is used by organizations to protect corporate assets and monitor employee productivity. This research presents two central arguments on workplace surveillance: although surveillance serves legitimate organizational purposes, over-surveillance can violate legal requirements and data privacy principles; and a primary security objective of workplace surveillance is the detection of insider threats (InT). InT are comprised of individuals with authorized resource access whose intentional or unintentional actions may damage or compromise corporate assets. This paper investigates InT personas to understand behavioral and psychological detection criteria. Employee surveillance tools and techniques are reviewed to characterize the employee surveillance landscape. Workplace privacy laws, examples of over-surveillance, and the resulting privacy harms are addressed. The review identifies research gaps related to over-surveillance, including the generation of excessive alerts that may obscure meaningful InT indicators. The paper concludes with recommendations to improve workplace surveillance transparency, implement InT training programs to improve organizational detection capabilities, and tune InT tools to detect relevant psychological and behavioral indicators.