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T. Maihara

Publications and source records attributed to T. Maihara.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Black hole mass and Eddington ratio distribution functions of X-ray selected broad-line AGNs at z~1.4 in the Subaru XMM-Newton Deep Field

In order to investigate the growth of super-massive black holes (SMBHs), we construct the black hole mass function (BHMF) and Eddington ratio distribution function (ERDF) of X-ray-selected broad-line AGNs at z~1.4 in the Subaru XMM-Newton Deep Survey field. In this redshift range, a significant part of the accretion growth of SMBHs is thought to be taking place. Black hole masses of X-ray-selected broad-line AGNs are estimated using the width of the broad MgII line and the 3000A monochromatic luminosity. We supplement the MgII FWHM values with the Ha FWHM obtained from our NIR spectroscopic survey. Using the black hole masses of broad-line AGNs at redshifts between 1.18 and 1.68, the binned broad-line AGN BHMF and ERDF are calculated using the Vmax method. To properly account for selection effects that impact the binned estimates, we derive the corrected broad-line AGN BHMF and ERDF by applying the Maximum Likelihood method, assuming that the ERDF is constant regardless of the black hole mass. We do not correct for the non-negligible uncertainties in virial BH mass estimates. If we compare the corrected broad-line AGN BHMF with that in the local Universe, the corrected BHMF at z~1.4 has a higher number density above 10^8 Msolar but a lower number density below that mass range. The evolution may be indicative of a down-sizing trend of accretion activity among the SMBH population. The evolution of broad-line AGN ERDF from z=1.4 to 0 indicates that the fraction of broad-line AGNs with accretion rate close to the Eddington-limit is higher at higher redshifts.

astro-ph.CO

FMOS near-IR spectroscopy of Herschel selected galaxies: star formation rates, metallicity and dust attenuation at z~1

We investigate the properties (e.g. star formation rate, dust attentuation, stellar mass and metallicity) of a sample of infrared luminous galaxies at z \sim 1 via near-IR spectroscopy with Subaru-FMOS. Our sample consists of Herschel SPIRE and Spitzer MIPS selected sources in the COSMOS field with photometric redshifts in the range 0.7 < z-phot < 1.8, which have been targeted in 2 pointings (0.5 sq. deg.) with FMOS. We find a modest success rate for emission line detections, with candidate Hα emission lines detected for 57 of 168 SPIRE sources (34 per cent). By stacking the near-IR spectra we directly measure the mean Balmer decrement for the Hα and Hβ lines, finding a value of = 0.51\pm0.27 for = 10^12 Lsol sources at = 1.36. By comparing star formation rates estimated from the IR and from the dust uncorrected Hα line we find a strong relationship between dust attenuation and star formation rate. This relation is broadly consistent with that previously seen in star-forming galaxies at z ~ 0.1. Finally, we investigate the metallicity via the N2 ratio, finding that z ~ 1 IR-selected sources are indistinguishable from the local mass-metallicity relation. We also find a strong correlation between dust attentuation and metallicity, with the most metal-rich IR-sources experiencing the largest levels of dust attenuation.

astro-ph.CO

Nature of a Strongly-Lensed Submillimeter Galaxy SMM J14011+0252

We have carried out near-infrared JHK spectroscopy of a gravitationally lensed submillimeter galaxy SMM J14011+0252 at z=2.565, using OHS and CISCO on the Subaru telescope. This object consists of two optical components, J1 and J2, which are lensed by the cluster Abell 1835. J1 suffers additional strong lensing by a foreground galaxy at z=0.25 in the cluster. The rest-optical H-alpha, H-beta, and [O II]3727 lines are detected in both J1 and J2, and [N II]6548,6583 lines are also detected in J1. A diagnosis of emission-line ratios shows that the excitation source of J1 is stellar origin, consistent with previous X-ray observations. The continua of J1 and J2 show breaks at rest 4000A, indicating relatively young age. Combined with optical photometry, we have carried out model spectrum fitting of J2 and find that it is a very young (~50 Myr) galaxy of rather small mass (~10e8 M_sol) which suffers some amount of dust extinction. A new gravitational lensing model is constructed to assess both magnification factor and contamination from the lensing galaxy of the component J1, using HST-F702W image. We have found that J1 suffers strong lensing with magnification of ~30, and its stellar mass is estimated to be < 10e9 M_sol. These results suggest that SMM J14011+0252 is a major merger system at high redshift that undergoes intense star formation, but not a formation site of a giant elliptical. Still having plenty of gas, it will transform most of the gas into stars and will evolve into a galaxy of < 10e10 M_sol. Therefore, this system is possibly an ancestor of a less massive galaxy such as a mid-sized elliptical or a spiral at the present.

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FeII/MgII Emission Line Ratios of QSOs. II. z>6 Objects

Near-infrared spectra of four QSOs located at $z>6$ are obtained with the OH-airglow suppressor mounted on the Subaru telescope. The FeII/MgII emission-line ratios of these QSOs are examined by the same fitting algorithm as in our previous study of $z<5.3$ QSOs. The fitting results show that two out of the four $z>6$ QSOs have significant FeII emission in their rest-UV spectra, while the other two have almost no FeII features. We also applied our fitting algorithm to more than 10,000 SDSS QSOs and found two trends in the distribution of FeII/MgII against redshift: (1) the upper envelope of the FeII/MgII distribution at $z>3$ shows a probable declination toward high redshift, and (2) the median distribution settles into lower ratios at $z\sim 1.5$ with small scatter compared to the other redshift. We discuss an Fe/Mg abundance evolution of QSOs with a substantial contribution from the diverse nature of the broad-line regions in high-redshift QSOs.

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Infrared Spectroscopy of 15 Radio Galaxies at 2<z<2.6

Near-infrared spectra of 15 high-redshift radio galaxies (HzRGs) located at $2<z<2.6$ were obtained by the OH Airglow Suppressor spectrograph mounted on the Subaru telescope. The UV-optical line ratio diagnostic diagrams indicate that half of the observed HzRGs have extended emission-line regions with low metal abundance, photoionized by a flat-continuum active galactic nucleus such as a quasar. We also found two probable correlations between radio and rest-optical parameters: (1) HzRGs with massive hosts tend to have a redder rest-optical continuum, and (2) HzRGs with smaller radio sizes also show a redder optical continuum. On the basis of the correlations, the nature of HzRGs at $2<z<2.6$ is discussed.

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CISCO: Cooled Infrared Spectrograph and Camera for OHS on the Subaru Telescope

This paper describes a Cooled Infrared Spectrograph and Camera for OHS (CISCO), mounted on the Nasmyth focus of the Subaru telescope. It is primarily designed as a back-end camera of the OH-Airglow Suppressor (OHS), and is also used as an independent, general-purpose near-infrared camera/spectrograph. CISCO is based on a single 1024x1024 format HgCdTe HAWAII array detector, and is capable of either wide-field imaging of 1.8'x1.8' field-of-view or low-resolution spectroscopy from 0.9 to 2.4 um. The limiting magnitudes measured during test observations were found to be J=23.5mag and K'=22.4mag (imaging, 1" aperture, S/N=5, 1 hr exposure).

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Optical/Infrared spectroscopy and photometry of the short period binary RX J1914+24

We present observations of the proposed double degenerate polar RX J1914+24. Our optical and infrared spectra show no emission lines. This, coupled with the lack of significant levels of polarisation provide difficulties for a double degenerate polar interpretation. Although we still regard the double degenerate polar model as feasible, we have explored alternative scenarios for RX~J1914+24. These include a double degenerate algol system, a neutron star-white dwarf pair and an electrically powered system. The latter model is particularly attractive since it naturally accounts for the lack of both emission lines and detectable polarisation in RX J1914+24. The observed X-ray luminosity is consistent with the predicted power output. If true, then RX J1914+24 would be the first known stellar binary system radiating largely by electrical energy.

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Near Infrared Faint Galaxies in the Subaru Deep Field: Comparing the Theory with Observations for Galaxy Counts, Colors, and Size Distributions to K=24.5

Galaxy counts in the K band, (J-K)-colors, and apparent size distributions of faint galaxies in the Subaru Deep Field (SDF) down to K~24.5 were studied in detail. Special attention has been paid to take into account various selection effects including the cosmological dimming of surface brightness, to avoid any systematic bias which may be the origin of controversy in previously published results. We also tried to be very careful about systematic model uncertainties; we present a comprehensive surveys of these systematic uncertainties and dependence on various parameters. We found that the pure luminosity evolution (PLE) model is well consistent with all the SDF data down to K~22.5, without any evidence for number or size evolution in a low-density, Lambda-dominated flat universe which is now favored by various cosmological observations. If the popular Lambda-dominated universe is taken for granted, our result then gives a strong constraint on the number evolution of giant elliptical or early-type galaxies to z~1-2 which must be met by any models in the hierarchically clustering universe, since such galaxies are the dominant population in this magnitude range (K<~22.5). In the fainter magnitude range of K>~22.5, we found a slight excess of observed counts over the prediction of the PLE model when elliptical galaxies are treated as a single population. We suggest that this discrepancy reflects some number evolution of dwarf galaxies and/or the distinct populations of giant and dwarf elliptical galaxies which have been known for local elliptical galaxies.

astro-ph

JHK Spectra of the z=2.39 Radio Galaxy 53W002

We present low-resolution, near-IR JHK spectra of the weak z=2.39 radio galaxy 53W002, obtained with the OH-airglow Suppressor spectrograph (OHS) and Cooled Infrared Spectrograph and Camera for OHS (CISCO) on the Subaru Telescope. They cover rest-frame wavelengths of 3400-7200 A, and the emission lines of [O II]3727, Hb, [O III]4959, 5007, Ha, [N II]6548, 6583 and [S II]6716, 6731 were detected. Using the Ha/Hb line ratio, we find an extinction of E(B-V)=0.14. The emission-line ratios are reproduced by a cloud of electron density n_e=1x10^{3-4}(/cm3) with solar metallicity, ionized by an alpha=-0.7 power-law continuum with ionizing parameter U=1x10^-3. In addition to these emission lines, we make the first spectroscopic confirmation of the Balmer discontinuity in a high-z radio galaxy. Together with rest-frame UV photometry from the literature, we show that at least 1/3 of the present stellar mass was formed in the current starburst. The stellar mass was estimated to be (1-1.4)x10^11 M_sol by one-component model fitting, which is smaller than that of typical z~1 B2/6C radio galaxies. We suggest that 53W002 is currently assembling a large part of its stellar mass through merger events with the surrounding sub-galactic clumps, some of which can be identified with the Lya emitters detected in narrow-band imaging. After a few such events over the next few Gyr, 53W002 will evolve into a massive elliptical galaxy.

astro-ph

JHK Spectroscopy of the z=2.39 Radio Galaxy 53W002 and Its Companions

We present low-resolution, near-IR JHK spectra of the weak z=2.39 radio galaxy 53W002 and its companion objects #18 and #19, obtained with OHS/CISCO on the Subaru Telescope. They cover rest-frame wavelengths of 3400-7200A, and many rest-optical emission lines are detected. Contributions to the broad-band flux from these emission lines are found to be very large, up to 40% in the H and K'-bands and 30% in the J-band.

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Diffuse Extragalactic Background Light versus Deep Galaxy Counts in the Subaru Deep Field: Missing Light in the Universe?

Deep optical and near-infrared galaxy counts are utilized to estimate the extragalactic background light (EBL) coming from normal galactic light in the universe. Although the slope of number-magnitude relation of the faintest counts is flat enough for the count integration to converge, considerable fraction of EBL from galaxies could still have been missed in deep galaxy surveys because of various selection effects including the cosmological dimming of surface brightness of galaxies. Here we give an estimate of EBL from galaxy counts, in which these selection effects are quantitatively taken into account for the first time, based on reasonable models of galaxy evolution which are consistent with all available data of galaxy counts, size, and redshift distributions. We show that the EBL from galaxies is best resolved into discrete galaxies in the near-infrared bands (J, K) by using the latest data of the Subaru Deep Field; more than 80-90% of EBL from galaxies has been resolved in these bands. Our result indicates that the contribution by missing galaxies cannot account for the discrepancy between the count integration and recent tentative detections of diffuse EBL in the K-band (2.2 micron), and there may be a very diffuse component of EBL which has left no imprints in known galaxy populations.

astro-ph

OHS: OH-airglow Suppressor for the Subaru Telescope

This paper describes an OH-airglow Suppressor (OHS) for the infrared Nasmyth focus of the Subaru telescope. OHS has the capability of eliminating 224 airglow-lines in the $J$- and $H$-bands, which are major sources of background radiation at near-infrared wavelengths up to 2 $μ$m. Specifically, it is a pre-optics system installed between the telescope and an infrared camera/spectrograph (CISCO). The suppressor reduces sky background emissions to 1/25 and its throughput is 40%. As a result, the S/N gain achieved with OHS is more than 1 mag compared to the typical spectroscopic approach. The limiting magnitude measured during a test observing run was found to be $H$ = 21.1 mag ($λ/Δλ$ = 210, S/N = 5) in the standard 4000 s exposure sequence.

astro-ph

Detecting high redshift evolved galaxies as the hosts of optically faint hard X-ray sources

We combine deep Subaru near-infrared images of the massive lensing clusters A2390 and A370 with Keck optical data to map the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of Chandra X-ray sources lying behind the clusters. The three sources behind A2390 are found to have extremely red colors with SEDs consistent with evolved galaxies at redshifts z>1.4. One source has extremely anomalous colors, which we interpret as evidence for a type Sa SED at a redshift around 2.5. The photometric redshift of another source has been confirmed at z=1.467 from near-infrared spectroscopy using the CISCO spectrograph on Subaru. Mapping of optically faint hard X-ray sources may prove to be an extremely efficient way to locate luminous evolved galaxies at high redshifts.

astro-ph

Subaru Deep Survey I. Near-Infrared Observations

Deep near-infrared images of a blank 2'x2' section of sky near the Galactic north pole taken by Subaru Telescope are presented. The total integration times of the J and K' bands are 12.1 hours and 9.7 hours, resulting in 5-sigma limiting magnitudes of 25.1 and 23.5 mag, respectively. The numbers of sources within these limiting magnitudes found with an automated detection procedure are 385 in the J band and 350 in K'. Based on photometric measurements of these sources, we present number count vs. magnitude relations, color vs. magnitude diagrams, size vs. color relationships, etc. The slope of the galaxy number count plotted against the AB magnitude scale is about 0.23 in the 22 to 26 AB magnitude range of both bands. The spatial number density of galaxies as well as the slopes in the faint-end region given by the Subaru Deep Field (SDF) survey is consistent with those given by HST-NICMOS surveys as expressed on the AB magnitude diagram. Several sources having very large J-K' color are found including a few K' objects without detection at J. In addition, a number of faint Galactic stars are also detected, most of which are assigned to M-subdwarfs, together with a few brown dwarf candidates.

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VLT-detection of two edge-on Circumstellar Disks in the rho Oph dark cloud

Observations of the rho Ophiuchi star forming region with VLT ANTU and ISAAC under 0.35" seeing conditions reveal two bipolar reflection nebulosities intersected by central dust lanes. The sources (OphE-MM3 and CRBR 2422.8-3423) can be identified as spatially resolved circumstellar disks viewed close to edge-on, similar to edge-on disk sources discovered previously in the Taurus and Orion star forming regions. Millimeter continuum fluxes yield disk masses of the order of 0.01 Mo, i.e. about the mass deemed necessary for the minimum solar nebula. Follow-up spectroscopic observations with SUBARU and CISCO show that both disk sources exhibit featureless continua in the K-band. No accretion or outflow signatures were detected. The slightly less edge-on orientation of the disk around CRBR 2422.8-3423 compared to HH 30 leads to a dramatic difference in the flux seen in the ISOCAM 4.5 mu to 12 mu bands. The observations confirm theoretical predictions on the effect of disk geometry and inclination angle on the spectral energy distribution of young stellar objects with circumstellar disks.

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Infrared Star Count Models and Their Application to the Subaru Deep Field

We construct infrared star count models of the Galaxy applicable at faint magnitudes. In addition to dwarfs and subdwarfs, we also take into account L dwarfs, T dwarfs, and white dwarfs of both disk and halo. As a test case of the models, we analyze the infrared imaging data at J and K' obtained during the Subaru Deep Field Survey to study stellar objects. Infrared star count models we have obtained predict that the Next Generation Space Telescope will primarily see T dwarfs, M subdwarfs, and old halo white dwarfs at faint magnitudes.

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[OII]3727 Emission from the Companion to the Quasar BR 1202-0725 at z=4.7

Results of a narrow-band imaging for the redshifted [OII]3727 emission around a quasar at z=4.7 obtained with the Subaru telescope and CISCO (a Cassegrain near infrared camera) are presented. A significant emission line is detected in the narrow-band H_2 (v=1-0 S(1)) filter at a location 2.4" northwest from the quasar, where the presence of a companion has been reported in Lyman alpha emission and the rest-frame UV continuum. We identify this line as [OII]3727 emission and confirm that the source really is a companion at z=4.7. The [OII]3727 flux from the companion is estimated to be 2.5 x 10^{-17} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2}. If the companion is a star forming object, the inferred star formation rate is as high as 45-230 M_{solar} yr^{-1} even without assuming the extinction correction. This value is higher than those derived from the Lyman alpha emission or from the UV continuum. Thus, provided that the difference is caused by dust extinction, the extinction corrected star formation rate is calculated to be 45 to 2300 M_{solar} yr^{-1} depending on the assuming extinction curves.

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Near-infrared emission-line galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field North

We present the 2.12~$μ$m narrow-band image of the Hubble Deep Field North taken with the near-infrared camera (CISCO) on the Subaru telescope. Among five targets whose H$α$ or [O~{\sc iii}] emission lines are redshifted into our narrow-band range expected from their spectroscopic redshift, four of them have strong emission lines, especially for the two [O~{\sc iii}] emission-line objects. The remaining one target shows no H$α$ emission in spite of its bright rest-UV luminosity, indicating that this object is already under the post-starburst phase. The volume-averaged $SFR$ derived from the detected two H$α$ emission is roughly consistent with that evaluated from the rest-UV continuum.

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