arXiv subjects

T. Nakajima

Publications and source records attributed to T. Nakajima.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2014

Multi-molecule ALMA observations towards the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 1097

The nearby Sy 1 galaxy NGC 1097 represents an ideal laboratory to explore the molecular chemistry in the presence and surroundings of an active galactic nucleus. Exploring the distribution of different molecular species allows us to understand the physical processes affecting the ISM both in the AGN vicinity as well as in the outer star forming molecular ring. We carried out 3 mm ALMA observations of HCN, HCO+, CCH, CS, HNCO, SiO, HC3N, and SO as well as the 13C isotopologues. All species were imaged over the central 2 kpc (~30") of the galaxy at a resolution of ~2.2"x1.5 (150 pc x 100 pc). HCO+ and CS appear to be slightly enhanced in the star forming ring. CCH, showing the largest variations across NGC 1097, is suggested to be a good tracer of both obscured and early stage star formation. HNCO, SiO and HC3N are significantly enhanced in the inner circumnuclear disk surrounding the AGN. Differences in the molecular abundances are observed between the star forming ring and the inner circumnuclear disk. We conclude that the HCN/HCO+ and HCN/CS differences observed between AGN dominated and starburst galaxies are not due to a HCN enhancement due to X-rays, but rather this enhancement is produced by shocked material at distances of 200 pc from the AGN. Additionally we claim the lower HCN/CS to be a combination of a small under-abundance of CS in AGNs together with excitation effects, where a high dense gas component (~10^6 cm^-3) may be more prominent in SB galaxies. However the most promising are the differences found among the dense gas tracers which, at our modest spatial resolution, seem to outline the physical structure of the molecular disk around the AGN. In this picture, HNCO probes the well shielded gas in the disk, surrounding the dense material moderately exposed to X-ray radiation traced by HC3N. Finally SiO might be the innermost molecule in the disk structure.

astro-ph.GA↗

arXiv2014

Full control of quadruple quantum dot circuit charge states in the single electron regime

We report the realization of an array of four tunnel coupled quantum dots in the single electron regime, which is the first required step toward a scalable solid state spin qubit architecture. We achieve an efficient tunability of the system but also find out that the conditions to realize spin blockade readout are not as straightforwardly obtained as for double and triple quantum dot circuits. We use a simple capacitive model of the series quadruple quantum dots circuit to investigate its complex charge state diagrams and are able to find the most suitable configurations for future Pauli spin blockade measurements. We then experimentally realize the corresponding charge states with a good agreement to our model.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2013

High-Symmetry Polarization Domains in Low-Symmetry Ferroelectrics

We present experimental evidence for hexagonal domain faceting in the ferroelectric polymer PVDF-TrFE films having the lower orthorhombic crystallographic symmetry. This effect can arise from purely electrostatic depolarizing forces. We show that in contrast to magnetic bubble shape domains where such type of deformation instability has a predominantly elliptical character, the emergence of more symmetrical circular harmonics is favored in ferroelectrics with high dielectric constant.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2012

muSR Investigation of magnetically ordered states in A-site ordered perovskite manganites RBaMn2O6 (R = Y and La)

The magnetically ordered states of the A-site ordered perovskite manganites LaBaMn2O6 and YBaMn2O6 have been investigated by muon spin relaxation in zero external magnetic field. Our data reveal striking differences in the nature of the magnetically ordered state of these materials. For LaBaMn2O6, the muSR time-spectra in the ferromagnetic state below ~ 330 K reveal a strongly inhomogeneous phase, reminiscent of a Griffiths phase. Within this magnetically inhomogeneous phase, an antiferromagnetic state develops below 150 K, which displays well defined static internal magnetic fields, but reaches only 30% of the volume fraction at low temperatures. A broad distribution of muSR relaxation rates is inferred down to the lowest temperatures. This behavior is similar to the A-site disordered La0.5Ba0.5MnO3. On the other hand, for YBaMn2O6, the muSR time spectra for both (i) the charge and orbital ordered and (ii) the paramagnetic phases reveal rather homogeneous states, namely, an exponential relaxation in the paramagnetic state and well defined muon spin oscillation in the antiferromagnetic state.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2012

Gate-Control of Spin Precession in Quantum Hall Edge States

Electrical control and detection of spin precession are experimentally demonstrated by using spin-resolved edge states in the integer quantum Hall regime. Spin precession is triggered at a corner of a biased metal gate, where electron orbital motion makes a sharp turn leading to a nonadiabatic change in the effective magnetic field via spin-orbit interaction. The phase of precession is controlled by the group velocity of edge-state electrons tuned by gate bias voltage: A spin-FET device is thus realized by all-electrical means, without invoking ferromagnetic material. The effect is also interpreted in terms of a Mach-Zehnder-type spin interferometer.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2012

Korringa-like relaxation in the high-temperature phase of A-site ordered YBaMn2O6

We report on high-temperature electron spin resonance studies of A-site ordered YBaMn2O6 and disordered Y0.5Ba0.5MnO3. In the disordered sample we find that the linewidth is governed by spin-spin relaxation processes as in many other manganite systems. In contrast we find a Korringa-like spin relaxation with a slope of about 1 Oe/K above the charge-ordering transition and extending up to 930K in the metal ordered YBaMn2O6 samples. A Korringa-law is a clear feature of a truly metallic state, pointing to an unconventional high-temperature phase of these ordered manganites. In agreement with the ESR intensity this suggests that in the metallic high-temperature phase the ESR signal stems from Mn^4+ core spins which relax via the quasi-delocalized e_g electrons.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2012

Initial Results from the Nobeyama Molecular Gas Observations of Distant Bright Galaxies

We present initial results from the CO survey toward high redshift galaxies using the Nobeyama 45m telescope. Using the new wide bandwidth spectrometer equipped with a two-beam SIS receiver, we have robust new detections of three high redshift (z=1.6-3.4) submillimeter galaxies (SXDF 1100.001, SDP9, and SDP17), one tentative detection (SDSS J160705+533558), and one non-detection (COSMOS-AzTEC1). The galaxies observed during the commissioning phase are sources with known spectroscopic redshifts from previous optical or from wide-band submm spectroscopy. The derived molecular gas mass and line widths from Gaussian fits are ~10^11 Msun and 430-530 km/s, which are consistent with previous CO observations of distant submm galaxies and quasars. The spectrometer that allows a maximum of 32 GHz instantaneous bandwidth will provide new science capabilities at the Nobeyama 45m telescope, allowing us to determine redshifts of bright submm selected galaxies without any prior redshift information.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2012

Circuit QED using a semiconductor double quantum dot

Vacuum Rabi splitting is observed in a coupled qubit-resonator system consisting of a GaAs double quantum dot and a coplanar waveguide resonator. Derived values of the qubit-resonator coupling strength and the decoherence rate indicate strong coupling, which assures distinct vacuum Rabi oscillation in the system. The amplitude of decoherence is reasonably interpreted in terms of the coupling of electrons to piezoelectric acoustic phonons in GaAs.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2011

Control of ferroelectric polarization via uniaxial pressure in the spin-lattice-coupled multiferroic CuFe1-xGaxO2

We have demonstrated that ferroelectric polarization in a spin-driven multiferroic CuFe1-xGaxO2 with x = 0.035 can be controlled by the application of uniaxial pressure. Our neutron diffraction and in-situ ferroelectric polarization measurements have revealed that the pressure dependence of the ferroelectric polarization is explained by repopulation of three types of magnetic domains originating from the trigonal symmetry of the crystal. We conclude that the spin-driven anisotropic lattice distortion and the fixed relationship between the directions of the magnetic modulation wave vector and the ferroelectric polarization are the keys to this spin-mediated piezoelectric effect.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2010

Colors of a Second Earth: Estimating the fractional areas of ocean, land, and vegetation of Earth-like exoplanets

Characterizing the surfaces of rocky exoplanets via the scattered light will be an essential challenge to investigate the existence of life on habitable exoplanets. We present a simple reconstruction method for fractional areas of different surface types from photometric variations, or colors, of a second Earth. We create mock light curves for Earth without clouds using empirical data. Then these light curves are fitted to the isotropic scattering model consisting of 4 surface types: ocean, soil, snow and vegetation. In an idealized situation where the photometric errors are only photon shot noise, we are able to reproduce the fractional areas of those components fairly well. We may be even able to detect a signature of vegetation from the distinct feature of photosynthesis on the Earth, known as the red edge. In our reconstruction method, Rayleigh scattering due to the atmosphere has an important effect, and for terrestrial exoplanets with atmosphere similar to our Earth, it is possible to estimate the presence of oceans and an atmosphere simultaneously.

astro-ph.EP↗

arXiv2009

Anisotropic magnetic field responses of ferroelectric polarization in a trigonal multiferroic CuFe1-xAlxO2 (x=0.015)

We have investigated magnetic field dependences of a ferroelectric incommensurate-helimagnetic order in a trigonal magneto-electric (ME) multiferroic CuFe1-xAlxO2 with x=0.015, which exhibits the ferroelectric phase as a ground state, by means of neutron diffraction, magnetization and dielectric polarization measurements under magnetic fields applied along various directions. From the present results, we have established the H-T magnetic phase diagrams for the three principal directions of magnetic fields; (i) parallel to the c axis, (ii) parallel to the helical axis, and (iii) perpendicular to the c and the helical axes. While the previous dielectric polarization (P) measurements on CuFe1-xGaxO2 with x=0.035 have demonstrated that the magnetic field dependence of the `magnetic domain structure' results in distinct magnetic field responses of P [S. Seki et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 103 237601 (2009)], the present study have revealed that the anisotropic magnetic field dependence of the ferroelectric helimagnetic order `in each magnetic domain' can be also a source of a variety of magnetic field responses of P in CuFe1-xAxO2 systems (A=Al, Ga).

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2009

Stabilization of charge and orbital ordered states by antiferromagnetism in the A-site ordered YBaMn2O6

We report on Raman scattering measurements of the A-site ordered YBaMn2O6 in the wide temperature range of 10-650K. Upon cooling almost all phonon modes show pronounced temperature dependencies of frequency, linewidth, and scattering intensity. This suggests that the octahedra tilting, Mn-O bond angles and lengths vary with temperature in a concerted way. The remarkable feature is that the high-temperature metallic and the charge and orbital ordered (CO-OO) states coexist down to T_N=195K. In the antiferromagnetic state zone-folded modes are induced by the CO-OO superstructure and the phonon modes undergo an anomalous softening and narrowing. Our results evidence that the CO-OO state is stabilized by the spin ordering for temperatures below T_N.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2009

Evidence for large electric polarization from collinear magnetism in TmMnO3

There has been tremendous research activity in the field of magneto-electric (ME) multiferroics after Kimura et al. [1] showed that antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric order coexist in orthorhom- bically distorted perovskite TbMnO3 and are strongly coupled. It is now generally accepted that ferroelectricity in TbMnO3 is induced by magnetic long range order that breaks the symmetry of the crystal and creates a polar axis [2]. One remaining key question is whether magnetic order can induce ferroelectric polarization that is as large as that of technologically useful materials. We show that ferroelectricity in orthorhombic (o) TmMnO3 is induced by collinear magnetic order, and that the lower limit for its electric polarization is larger than in previously investigated orthorhombic heavy rare-earth manganites. The temperature dependence of the lattice constants provides fur- ther evidence of large spin-lattice coupling effects. Our experiments suggest that the ferroelectric polarization in the orthorhombic perovskites with commensurate magnetic ground states could pass the 1 microC/cm2 threshold, as suggested by theory [3, 4].

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2008

Electron Spin Resonance across the Charge-ordering Transition in YBaMn2O6

We investigated the metal-ordered manganite system YBaMn2O6 using electron spin resonance (ESR) in the paramagnetic regime across the charge-ordering and structural phase transition at T_CO = 480 K and T_t = 520 K, respectively. All ESR parameters exhibit jump-like changes at T_t while the charge-ordering at T_CO manifests itself only as a weak and broad anomaly. Above T_t the ESR spin susceptibility is reduced with respect to the dc-susceptibility, indicating that only the t_2g-core spins of Mn ions contribute to the resonance absorption. The contribution of the e_g-spins is suppressed by the time scale of the polaronic hopping process of the e_g-electrons. The linewidth in this regime is reminiscent of a Korringa-type relaxation behavior. In this picture the ESR properties below T_t are dominated by the slowing down of the polaronic hopping process. The charge fluctuations persist down to the temperature T* ~ 410 K, below which the system can be described as a charge-ordered assembly of Mn$^{3+}$ and Mn$^{4+}$ spins.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2008

Fifteen new T dwarfs discovered in the UKIDSS Large Area Survey

We present the discovery of fifteen new T2.5-T7.5 dwarfs (with estimated distances between ~24-93pc, identified in the first three main data releases of the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey. This brings the total number of T dwarfs discovered in the Large Area Survey (to date) to 28. These discoveries are confirmed by near infrared spectroscopy, from which we derive spectral types on the unified scheme of Burgasser et al. (2006). Seven of the new T dwarfs have spectral types of T2.5-T4.5, five have spectral types of T5-T5.5, one is a T6.5p, and two are T7-7.5. We assess spectral morphology and colours to identify T dwarfs in our sample that may have non-typical physical properties (by comparison to solar neighbourhood populations). The colours of the full sample of LAS T dwarfs show a possible trend to bluer Y-J with decreasing effective temperature beyond T8. By accounting for the main sources of incompleteness (selection, follow-up and spatial) as well as the effects of unresolved binarity and Malmquist bias, we estimate that there are 17+-4 >=T4 dwarfs in the J<=19 volume of the LAS second data release. Comparing this to theoretical predictions is most consistent with a sub-stellar mass function exponent alpha between -1.0 and 0. This is consistent with the latest 2MASS/SDSS constraint (which is based on lower number statistics), and is significantly lower than the alpha~1.0 suggested by L dwarf field populations, possibly a result of the lower mass range probed by the T dwarf class.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2007

Growth Mechanism and Selective Synthesis of SWNTs

Ever since the landmark discovery of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in 1993, they have been considered as ideal materials for any kind of application based on their outstanding properties (e.g. mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, ultra stability, etc.), and various techniques, including laser furnace technique, arc discharge technique, and recently, Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (CCVD) technique, have been developed for the high-quality macroscopic generation. Recently Hata et al. realized the macroscopic production after great efforts of many scientists ; however, the growth mechanisms are still unclear and this incomplete knowledge prevents us from applying SWNTs to any fields. Here we can partially control the diameter distribution of SWNTs using Alcohol Catalytic CVD (ACCVD) technique and well combined catalysts. Their diameter is quite depend on the size of catalyst and their species, that is why this can be a technique to control SWNTs, and finally we propose the simple growth model.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2007

Electric Polarization Induced by a Proper Helical Magnetic Ordering in a Delafossite Multiferroic CuFe1-xAlxO2

Multiferroic CuFe1-xAlxO2 (x=0.02) exhibits a ferroelectric ordering accompanied by a proper helical magnetic ordering below T=7K under zero magnetic field. By polarized neutron diffraction and pyroelectric measurements, we have revealed a one-to-one correspondence between the spin helicity and the direction of the spontaneous electric polarization. This result indicates that the spin helicity of the proper helical magnetic ordering is essential for the ferroelectricity in CuFe1-xAlxO2. The induction of the electric polarization by the proper helical magnetic ordering is, however, cannot be explained by the Katsura-Nagaosa-Balatsky model, which successfully explains the ferroelectricity in the recently explored ferroelectric helimagnets, such as TbMnO3. We thus conclude that CuFe1-xAlxO2 is a new class of magnetic ferroelectrics.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2007

Two T dwarfs from the UKIDSS Early Data Release

We report on the first ultracool dwarf discoveries from the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) Large Area Survey Early Data Release (LAS EDR), in particular the discovery of T dwarfs which are fainter and more distant than those found using the 2MASS and SDSS surveys. We aim to show that our methodologies for searching the ~27 sq degs of the LAS EDR are successful for finding both L and T dwarfs $via$ cross-correlation with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR4 release. While the area searched so far is small, the numbers of objects found shows great promise for near-future releases of the LAS and great potential for finding large numbers of such dwarfs. Ultracool dwarfs are selected by combinations of their YJH(K) UKIDSS colours and SDSS DR4 z-J and i-z colours, or, lower limits on these red optical/infrared colours in the case of DR4 dropouts. After passing visual inspection tests, candidates have been followed up by methane imaging and spectroscopy at 4m and 8m-class facilities. Our main result is the discovery following CH4 imaging and spectroscopy of a T4.5 dwarf, ULASJ 1452+0655, lying ~80pc distant. A further T dwarf candidate, ULASJ 1301+0023, has very similar CH4 colours but has not yet been confirmed spectroscopically. We also report on the identification of a brighter L0 dwarf, and on the selection of a list of LAS objects designed to probe for T-like dwarfs to the survey J-band limit. Our findings indicate that the combination of the UKIDSS LAS and SDSS surveys provide an excellent tool for identifying L and T dwarfs down to much fainter limits than previously possible. Our discovery of one confirmed and one probable T dwarf in the EDR is consistent with expectations from the previously measured T dwarf density on the sky.

astro-ph↗