arXiv subjects

T. Pereg-Barnea

Publications and source records attributed to T. Pereg-Barnea.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2015

Quasiparticle Interference Patterns in a Topological Superconductor

In light of recent proposals to realize a topological superconductor on the surface of strong topological insulators, we study impurity and vortex scattering in two dimensional topological superconductivity. We develop a theory of quasiparticle interference in a model of the surface of a three dimensional strong topological insulator with a pairing term added. We consider a variety of different scatterers, including magnetic and nonmagnetic impurity as well as a local pairing order parameter suppression associated with the presence of a vortex core. Similar to the case of a surface of a three dimensional topological insulator without pairing, our results for non-magnetic impurity can be explained by the absence of back scattering, as expected for a Dirac cone structure. In the superconducting case, doping away from the Dirac point leads to a doubling of the contours of constant energy. This is in contrast to the unpaired case where the chemical potential simply adds to the bias voltage and shifts the energy. This doubling of contours results in multiplying the number of possible scattering processes in each energy. Interestingly, we find that some processes are dominant in the impurity case while others are dominant in the vortex case. Moreover, the two types of processes lead to a different dependence on the chemical potential.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2015

Entanglement Spectrum as a Probe for the Topology of a Spin-Orbit Coupled Superconductor

The classification of electron systems according to their topology has been at the forefront of condensed matter research in recent years. It has been found that systems of the same symmetry, previously thought of as equivalent, may in fact be distinguished by their topological properties. Moreover, the non-trivial topology found in some insulators and superconductors has profound physical implications that can be observed experimentally and can potentially be used for applications. However, characterizing a system's topology is not always a simple task, even for a theoretical model. When translation and other symmetries are present in a quadratic model the topological invariants are readily defined and easily calculated in a variety of symmetry classes. However, once interactions or disorder come into play the task becomes difficult, and in many cases prohibitively so. The goal of this paper is to suggest alternatives to the topological invariants which are based on the entanglement spectrum and entanglement entropy. Using quadratic models of superconductors we demonstrate that these entanglement properties are sensitive to changes in topology. We choose quadratic models since the topological phase diagram can be mapped using the topological invariants and then compared to the entanglement entropy/spectrum features. This work sets the stage for learning about topology in interacting and disordered systems through their entanglement properties.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2014

Berry Phase in Cuprate Superconductors

Geometrical Berry phase is recognized as having profound implications for the properties of electronic systems. Over the last decade, Berry phase has been essential to our understanding of new materials, including graphene and topological insulators. The Berry phase can be accessed via its contribution to the phase mismatch in quantum oscillation experiments, where electrons accumulate a phase as they traverse closed cyclotron orbits in momentum space. The high-temperature cuprate superconductors are a class of materials where the Berry phase is thus far unknown despite the large body of existing quantum oscillations data. In this report we present a systematic Berry phase analysis of Shubnikov - de Haas measurements on the hole-doped cuprates YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{y}$, YBa$_2$Cu$_4$O$_8$, HgBa$_2$CuO$_{4 + δ}$, and the electron-doped cuprate Nd$_{2-x}$Ce$_x$CuO$_4$. For the hole-doped materials, a trivial Berry phase of 0 mod $2π$ is systematically observed whereas the electron-doped Nd$_{2-x}$Ce$_x$CuO$_4$ exhibits a significant non-zero Berry phase. These observations set constraints on the nature of the high-field normal state of the cuprates and points towards contrasting behaviour between hole-doped and electron-doped materials. We discuss this difference in light of recent developments related to charge density-wave and broken time-reversal symmetry states.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2014

Magnetic structure of GdBiPt: A candidate antiferromagnetic topological insulator

A topological insulator is a state of matter which does not break any symmetry and is characterized by topological invariants, the integer expectation values of non-local operators. Antiferromagnetism on the other hand is a broken symmetry state in which the translation symmetry is reduced and time reversal symmetry is broken. Can these two phenomena coexist in the same material? A proposal by Mong {\it et al.}\cite{Mong2010} asserts that the answer is yes. Moreover, it is theoretically possible that the onset of antiferromagnetism enables the non-trivial topology since it may create spin-orbit coupling effects which are absent in the non-magnetic phase. The current work examines a real system, half-Heusler GdBiPt, as a candidate for topological anti ferromagnetism. We find that the magnetic moments of the gadolinium atoms form ferromagnetic sheets which are stacked antiferromagnetically along the body diagonal. This magnetic structure may induce spin orbit coupling on band electrons as they hop perpendicular to the ferromagnetic sheets.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2014

Zeeman field induced non-trivial topology in a spin-orbit coupled superconductor

The hope to realize Majorana fermions at the vortex core of a two dimensional topological superconductor has led to a variety of proposals for devices which exhibit topological superconductivity. Many of these include superconductivity through the proximity effect and therefore require a layer of a conventional superconductor deposited on top of another system, which lends its topological properties\cite{Fu,Sau,Alicea}. The necessity of the superconducting layer poses some technical complications and, in particular, makes it harder to probe the Majorana state. In this work we propose to replace the proximity effect pairing by an innate tendency for pairing, mediated by interactions. We use a model system with spin orbit coupling and on-site repulsion and apply renormalization group to the interaction vertex. Without a Zeeman field this model exhibits pairing instabilities in different channels depending on the tuning of parameters. Once a Zeeman field is introduced the model favors topological superconductivity where the order parameter winds an odd number of times around the Fermi surface. This suggests that certain superconductors, with strong spin-orbit coupling, may go through a topological phase transition as a function of applied magnetic field.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2014

Strong Coupling Expansion of the Extended Hubbard Model with Spin-Orbit Coupling

We study the strong coupling limit of the extended Hubbard model in two dimensions. The model consists of hopping, on-site interaction, nearest-neighbor interaction, spin-orbit coupling and Zeeman spin splitting. While the study of this model is motivated by a search for topological phases and in particular a topological superconductor, the methodology we develop may be useful for a variety of systems. We begin our treatment with a canonical transformation of the Hamiltonian to an effective model which is appropriate when the (quartic) interaction terms are larger than the (quadratic) kinetic and spin-orbit coupling terms. We proceed by analyzing the strong coupling model variationally. Since we are mostly interested in a superconducting phase we use a Gutzwiller projected BCS wavefunction as our variational state. To continue analytically we employ the Gutzwiller approximation and compare the calculated energy with Monte-Carlo calculations. Finally we determine the topology of the ground state and map out the topology phase diagram.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2014

Incommensurate spin density wave as a signature of spin-orbit coupling

Close to half filling and in the limit of strong interactions the Hubbard model leads a spin Hamiltonian. In its original isotropic form this is the Heisenberg model with antiferromagnetic coupling $J$. On a square lattice there is no frustration and the ground state is a classical antiferromagnet denoted by the commensurate order vector ${\bf Q}=(π,π)$. In this work we show that the inclusion of spin orbit coupling (SOC) in the fermionic Hubbard model on a square lattice leads to an incommensurate spin density wave (ISDW) in the strong interactions limit at half filling. In this limit the Hubbard model leads to a non-diagonal and anisotropic spin Hamiltonian which exhibits the incommensurate spin order as its classical ground state. We note that an ISDW can be found in systems regardless of spin orbit-coupling due to nesting and lattice distortion. These effects, however, can usually be recognized by experimental probes.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2013

Topological Superconductivity without Proximity Effect

Majorana Fermions, strange particles that are their own antiparticles, were predicted in 1937 and have been sought after ever since. In condensed matter they are predicted to exist as vortex core or edge excitations in certain exotic superconductors. These are topological superconductors whose order parameter phase winds non-trivially in momentum space. In recent years, a new and promising route for realizing topological superconductors has opened due to advances in the field of topological insulators. Current proposals are based on semiconductor heterostructures, where spin-orbit coupled bands are split by a band gap or Zeeman field and superconductivity is induced by proximity to a conventional superconductor. Topological superconductivity is obtained in the interface layer. The proposed heterostructures typically include two or three layers of different materials. In the current work we propose a device based on materials with inherent spin-orbit coupling and an intrinsic tendency for superconductivity, eliminating the need for a separate superconducting layer. We study a lattice model that includes spin-orbit coupling as well as on-site and nearest neighbor interaction. Within this model we show that topological superconductivity is possible in certain regions of parameter space. These regions of non-trivial topology can be understood as a nodeless superconductor with d-wave symmetry which, due to the spin-orbit coupling, acquires an extra phase twist of $2π$.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2013

Semiclassical approach to 2d impurity bound states in Dirac systems

The goal of this paper is to provide an intuitive and useful tool for analyzing the impurity bound state problem. We develop a semiclassical approach and apply it to an impurity in two dimensional systems with parabolic or Dirac like bands. Our method consists of reducing a higher dimensional problem into a sum of one dimensional ones using the two dimensional Green functions as a guide. We then analyze the one dimensional effective systems in the spirit of the wave function matching method as in the standard 1d quantum model. We demonstrate our method on two dimensional models with parabolic and Dirac-like dispersion, with the later specifically relevant to topological insulators.

cond-mat.dis-nn↗

arXiv2013

Transport through a disordered topological-metal strip

Features of a topological phase, and edge states in particular, may be obscured by overlapping in energy with a trivial conduction band. The topological nature of such a conductor, however, is revealed in its transport properties, especially in the presence of disorder. In this work, we explore the conductance behavior of such a system with disorder present, and contrast it with the quantized conductance in an ideal 2D topological insulator. Our analysis relies on numerics on a lattice system and analytics on a simple toy model. Interestingly, we find that as disorder is increased from zero, the edge conductivity initially falls from its quantized value; yet as disorder continues to increase, the conductivity recovers, and saturates at a value slightly below the quantized value of the clean system. We discuss how this effect can be understood from the tendency of the bulk states to localize, while the edge states remain delocalized.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2012

Inducing topological order in a honeycomb lattice

We explore the possibility of inducing a topological insulator phase in a honeycomb lattice lacking spin-orbit interaction using a metallic (or Fermi gas) environment. The lattice and the metallic environment interact through a density-density interaction without particle tunneling, and integrating out the metallic environment produces a honeycomb sheet with in-plane oscillating long-ranged interactions. We find the ground state of the interacting system in a variational mean-field method and show that the Fermi wave vector, kF, of the metal determines which phase occurs in the honeycomb lattice sheet. This is analogous to the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) mechanism in which the metal's kF determines the interaction profile as a function of the distance. Tuning kF and the interaction strength may lead to a variety of ordered phases, including a topological insulator and anomalous quantum-hall states with complex next-nearest-neighbor hopping, as in the Haldane and the Kane-Mele model. We estimate the required range of parameters needed for the topological state and find that the Fermi vector of the metallic gate should be of the order of 3Pi/8a (with a being the graphene lattice constant). The net coupling between the layers, which includes screening in the metal, should be of the order of the honeycomb lattice bandwidth. This configuration should be most easily realized in a cold-atoms setting with two interacting Fermionic species.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2011

Metastable $π$-junction between an s$_\pm$-wave and an s-wave superconductor

We examine a contact between a superconductor whose order parameter changes sign across the Brillioun zone, and an ordinary, uniform-sign superconductor. Within a Ginzburg-Landau type model, we find that if the the barrier between the two superconductors is not too high, the frustration of the Josephson coupling between different portions of the Fermi surface across the contact can lead to surprising consequences. These include time-reversal symmetry breaking at the interface and unusual energy-phase relations with multiple local minima. We propose this mechanism as a possible explanation for the half-integer flux quantum transitions in composite niobium--iron pnictide superconducting loops, which were discovered in a recent experiment [Chen et al., Nature Phys. \textbf{6},260 (2010)].

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2010

Vortex as a probe - suggested measurement of the order parameter structure in iron-based superconductors

Impurities, inevitably present in all samples, induce elastic transitions between quasiparticle states on the contours of constant energy. These transitions may be seen in Fourier transformed scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiments, sorted by their momentum transfer. In a superconductor, anomalous scattering in the pairing channel may be introduced by magnetic field. When a magnetic field is applied, vortices act as additional sources of scattering. These additional transition may enhance or suppress the impurity-induced scattering. We find that the vortex contribution to the transitions is sensitive to the momentum-space structure of the pairing function. In the iron-based superconductors there are both electron and hole pockets at different regions of the Brillouin zone. Scattering processes therefore represent intrapocket or interpocket transitions, depending on the momentum transfer in the process. In this work we show that while in a simple s-wave superconductors all transitions are enhanced by vortex scattering, in an s+- superconductor only intra-pocket transitions are affected. We suggest this effect as a probe for the existence of the sign change of the order parameter.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2009

Prefect Klein tunneling in anisotropic graphene-like photonic lattices

We study the scattering of waves off a potential step in deformed honeycomb lattices. For small deformations below a critical value, perfect Klein tunneling is obtained. This means that a potential step in any direction transmits waves at normal incidence with unit transmission probability, irrespective of the details of the potential. Beyond the critical deformation, a gap in the spectrum is formed, and a potential step in the deformation direction reflects all normal-incidence waves, exhibiting a dramatic transition form unit transmission to total reflection. These phenomena are generic to honeycomb lattice systems, and apply to electromagnetic waves in photonic lattices, quasi-particles in graphene, cold atoms in optical lattices.

cond-mat.other↗

arXiv2009

Quantum oscillations from Fermi arcs

When a metal is subjected to strong magnetic field B nearly all measurable quantities exhibit oscillations periodic in 1/B. Such quantum oscillations represent a canonical probe of the defining aspect of a metal, its Fermi surface (FS). In this study we establish a new mechanism for quantum oscillations which requires only finite segments of a FS to exist. Oscillations periodic in 1/B occur if the FS segments are terminated by a pairing gap. Our results reconcile the recent breakthrough experiments showing quantum oscillations in a cuprate superconductor YBCO, with a well-established result of many angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) studies which consistently indicate "Fermi arcs" -- truncated segments of a Fermi surface -- in the normal state of the cuprates.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2008

Theory of inter-edge superexchange in zigzag edge magnetism

A graphene nanoribbon with zigzag edges has a gapped magnetic ground state with an antiferromagnetic inter-edge superexchange interaction. We present a theory based on asymptotic properties of the Dirac-model ribbon wavefunction which predicts $W^{-2}$ and $W^{-1}$ ribbon-width dependencies for the superexchange interaction strength and the charge gap respectively. We find that, unlike the case of conventional atomic scale superexchange, opposite spin-orientations on opposite edges of the ribbon are favored by both kinetic and interaction energies.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2008

Theory of Graphene Chiral Quasiparticle LDOS maps

We present a theory of momentum space local density-of-states (LDOS) maps N(q,omega) in graphene. The LDOS map has both intravalley contributions centered near zero momentum and reciprocal lattice vectors and intervalley contributions displaced by the wavevector K'-K which connects graphene's two distinct Dirac points. Using graphene's Dirac equation chiral quasiparticle continuum model, we obtain analytic results which explain the qualitative differences between these two LDOS map features. We comment on the sensitivity of both N(q,omega) features to the mix of atomic length scale and smooth disorder sources present in a particular graphene sample.

cond-mat.other↗

arXiv2008

Magnetic field evolution of the quasiparticle interference in a d-wave superconductor

Quasiparticle interference in a d-wave superconductor with weak disorder produces distinctive peaks in the Fourier-transformed local density of states measured by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. We predict that amplitudes of these peaks can be enhanced or suppressed by applied magnetic field according to a very specific pattern governed by the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter. This calculated pattern agrees with the recent experimental measurement and suggests that the technique could be useful for probing the underlying normal state at high fields.

cond-mat.supr-con↗