arXiv subjects

T. Watari

Publications and source records attributed to T. Watari.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2003

Upper Bound of Proton Lifetime in Product-Group Unification

Models of supersymmetric grand unified theories based on SU(5)_GUT \times U(N)_H gauge group (N = 2,3) have a symmetry that guarantees light Higgs doublets and absence of dimension-five proton decay operators. We analysed the proton decay induced by gauge-boson exchange in the models. Upper bounds of proton lifetime are obtained; τ(p\to π^0e^+) \lsim 6.0 \times 10^{33} yrs in the SU(5)_GUT \times U(2)_H model and τ(p\to π^0e^+) \lsim 5.3 \times 10^{35} yrs in the SU(5)_GUT \times U(3)_H model. Various uncertainties in the predictions are also discussed.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2002

A Solution to the Doublet-Triplet Splitting Problem in the Type IIB Supergravity

The doublet--triplet mass splitting problem is one of the most serious problems in supersymmetric grand unified theories (GUTs). A class of models based on a product gauge group, such as the SU(5)_{GUT} times U(3)_H or the SU(5)_{GUT} times U(2)_H, realize naturally the desired mass splitting that is protected by an unbroken R symmetry. It has been pointed out that various features in the models suggest that these product-group unification models are embedded in a supersymmetric brane world. We show an explicit construction of those models in the supersymmetric brane world based on the Type IIB supergravity in ten dimensions. We consider T^6/(Z_{12} times Z_2) orientifold for the compactified six extra dimensions. We find that all of the particles needed for the GUT-symmetry-breaking sector are obtained from the D-brane fluctuations. The three families of quarks and leptons are introduced at an orbifold singularity, although their origin remains unexplained. This paper includes extensive discussion on anomaly cancellation in a given orbifold geometry. Relation to the Type IIB string theory, realization of R symmetry as a rotation of extra-dimensional space, and effective superpotential at low energies are also discussed.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2002

Geometric Origin of Large Lepton Mixing in a Higher Dimensional Spacetime

The large mixing in the lepton sector observed in the recent neutrino-oscillation experiments strongly suggest that nature of left-handed lepton doublets is very different from that of left-handed quark doublets. This means that there is a big disparity between the matter multiplets 5^*'s and 10's in the SU(5) unified theory. We show that this big difference can be explained in a six-dimensional spacetime compactified on the T^2/Z_3 orbifold. That is, we propose to put three families of 5^*'s on three equivalent fixed points of the orbifold and the three 10's in the two-dimensional bulk. We construct an explicit model realizing this situation and show that the democratic mass structure in the lepton sector is naturally obtained and hence the model explains the observed bi-large lepton mixing and simultaneously the required small mixing U_e3. The mass matrices and mixing in the quark sector are also briefly discussed.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2002

Higher Dimensional Supersymmetry as an Origin of the Three Families for Quarks and Leptons

In a (0,1) supersymmetric (SUSY) six-dimensional gauge theory, a gauge fermion gives rise to box anomalies. These anomalies are completely canceled by assuming a vector multiplet of (1,1) SUSY. With a T^2/Z_3 orbifold compactification of the extra two dimensional space, the theory provides three chiral multiplets and three equivalent fixed points. We regard them as the origin of the three families of quarks and leptons. Quasi anarchy structure in the SU(5)-5^* representation sector and hence the bimaximal mixing in the neutrino oscillation are explained quite naturally in this framework. We also discuss a family symmetry as a remnant of the higher-dimensional R symmetry.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2002

Higher-Dimensional QCD without the Strong CP Problem

QCD in a five-dimensional sliced bulk with chiral extra-quarks on the boundaries is generically free from the strong CP problem. Accidental axial symmetry is naturally present except for suppressed breaking interactions, which plays a role of the Peccei-Quinn symmetry to make the strong CP phase sufficiently small.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2001

Proton Decay in the Semi-Simple Unification

Semi-simple unification is one of a model which naturally solves two difficulties in the supersymmetric grand unification theory: doublet-triplet splitting problem and suppression of dimension 5 proton decay. We analyzed the dimension 6 proton decay of this model using perturbative analysis at the next-to-leading order. The life time of proton is 3 \times 10^{34} - 10^{35} years for wide range of SUSY breaking parameters, and there is an intriguing possibility of observing proton decay signals in the next-generation water Cherenkov detectors such as Hyper-Kamiokande and TITAND. Several uncertainties in this prediction are also discussed.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2001

Supersymmetric Grand Unification Model with the Orbifold Symmetry Breaking in the Six Dimensional Supergravity

We construct supersymmetric (SUSY) grand unification (GUT) models in the six dimensional space-time where the GUT symmetry is broken down to the standard-model gauge group by a simple orbifolding T^2/Z_4 or T^2/Z_6 and a pair of massless Higgs doublets in the SUSY standard model are naturally obtained. Since the background geometry here is simple compared with models using the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism, one might hope for an approximate gauge coupling unification in the present models. Here, the presence of the massless Higgs multiplets in the bulk is quite natural, since the anomaly cancellation in the six dimensional space-time requires N=2 hyper multiplets in the bulk, some of which are origins of the Higgs doublets. However, the origin of the quarks and leptons is still not clear at all.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2001

Semi-Simple Unification on T^6/Z_12 Orientifold in the Type IIB Supergravity

The semi-simple unification model based on SU(5)_GUT \times U(3)_H gauge group is an interesting extension of the minimal SU(5)_GUT grand unification theory (GUT), since it solves the two serious problems in the standard GUT: the triplet-doublet splitting problem and the presence of dangerous dimension five operators for proton decay. Here, the extra U(3)_H gauge interaction plays a crucial role on the GUT breaking. In this paper, we show that the full multiplet structure of the U(3)_H sector required for the desired GUT breaking is reproduced naturally on T^6/Z_12 orientifold in the type IIB supergravity with a D3-D7 system. The SU(5)_GUT vector multiplet lives on D7-branes and the U(3)_H sector resides on D3-branes. We also show that various interesting features in the original SU(5)_GUT \times U(3)_H model are explained in the present brane-world scenario. A possible extension to the type IIB string theory is also discussed.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2001

Semi-simple group unification in the supersymmetric brane world

The conventional supersymmetric grand unified theories suffer from two serious problems, the large mass splitting between doublet and triplet Higgs multiplets, and the too long lifetime of the proton. A unification model based on a semi-simple group SU(5)_{GUT} \times U(3)_H has been proposed to solve both of the problems simultaneously. Although the proposed model is perfectly consistent with observations, there are various mysteries. In this paper, we show that such mysterious features in the original model are naturally explained by embedding the model into the brane world in a higher dimensional space-time. In particular, the relatively small gauge coupling constant of the SU(5)_{GUT} at the unification energy scale is a consequence of relatively large volume of extra dimensions. Here, we put the SU(5)_{GUT} gauge multiplet in a 6-dimensional bulk and assume all fields in the U(3)_H sector to reside on a 3-dimensional brane located in the bulk. On the other hand, all chiral multiplets of quarks, leptons and Higgs are assumed to reside on a 3-brane at a T^2/Z_4 orbifold fixed point. The quasi-N=2 supersymmetry in the hypercolor U(3)_H sector is understood as a low-energy remnant of the N=4 supersymmetry in a 6-dimensional space-time. We further extend the 6-dimensional model to a 10-dimensional theory. Possible frameworks of string theories are also investigated to accommodate the present brane-world model. We find that the type IIB string theory with D3-D7 brane structure is an interesting candidate.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2001

Constraints on Inflation Models from Supersymmetry Breakings

Effects of soft SUSY-breaking terms on inflation potentials are discussed. There exist generic constraints that must be satisfied in order not for the inflaton potential to loose its flatness. We examine explicitly the constraints in the case of a hybrid inflation model and find that the coupling constant λbetween the inflaton and the ``water-fall-direction'' field is bounded as 2.0 \times 10^{-6} < λ. This is a highly non-trivial result. Indeed, if we adopt the severest constraint from avoiding the problem of the gravitinos produced non-thermally, λ< 7.4 \times 10^{-6} is required, under a reasonable assumption on the reheating process. This means that the hybrid inflation model marginally has a viable parameter space. We also discuss analogous constraints on other inflation models.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2000

N = 2 Supersymmetry in a Hybrid Inflation Model

The slow roll inflation requires an extremely flat inflaton potential. The supersymmetry (SUSY) is not only motivated from the gauge hierarchy problem, but also from stabilizing that flatness of the inflaton potential against radiative corrections. However, it has been known that the Planck suppressed higher order terms in the Kähler potential receive large radiative corrections loosing the required flatness in the N = 1 supergravity. We propose to impose a global N = 2 SUSY on the inflaton sector. What we find is that the N = 2 SUSY Abelian gauge theory is exactly the same as the desired hybrid inflation model. The flat potential at the tree level is not our choice of parameters but a result of the symmetry. We further introduce a cut-off scale of the theory which is lower than the Planck scale. This lower cut-off scale suppresses the supergravity loop corrections to the flat inflaton potential.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2000

Vacuum Instability in Anomaly Mediation Models with Massive Neutrinos

We study the vacuum stability in the anomaly mediated supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking models with massive neutrinos. It is shown that, because of the seesaw-induced mass terms for neutrinos, the true vacuum has a large negative cosmological constant provided that the vacuum where we now live has an (almost) vanishing cosmological constant. Although the quantum transition into the true vacuum from our false vacuum is highly suppressed, the thermal transition at high temperatures may not be neglected because of the thermal excitations. However, we find that the thermal transition is, in fact, negligibly small and hence the anomaly mediation models are cosmologically safe. Thus, we conclude that the reheating temperature T_R could be very high (e.g. T_R >> 10^10 GeV) in the anomaly mediation models even with the seesaw-induced mass terms for neutrinos.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2000

Quintessence Axion Potential Induced by Electroweak Instanton Effects

Recent cosmological observations suggest the presence of small but nonzero cosmological constant $Λ_{cos}^4 \simeq (2 \times 10^{-3} eV)^4$. It is an intriguing possibility that such a small cosmological constant is supplied by the potential energy density of an ultralight axion-like field (called as quintessence axion). If this axion couples to the electroweak gauge fields, its potential may be generated by the electroweak instanton effects. We calculate the axion potential assuming the supersymmetric standard model and obtain a surprising result that the induced energy density of the quintessence axion field is very close to the value suggested from the observations.

hep-ph↗

arXiv1999

Mass Generation for an Ultralight Axion

If a global chiral symmetry is explicitly broken by anomalies in nonabelian gauge theories, a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson (axion) associated with a spontaneous breakdown of such a global symmetry acquires a mass through nonperturbative instanton effects. We calculate the axion mass assuming a supersymmetric SU(2) gauge theory and show that the axion obtains an extremely small mass when the SU(2) gauge symmetry is broken down at very high energy, say at the Planck scale. We identify the axion with a hypothetical ultralight boson field proposed to account for a small but nonzero cosmological constant suggested from recent cosmological observations.

hep-ph↗

arXiv1999

Democratic Mass Matrices from Broken $O(3)_L\times O(3)_R$ Flavor Symmetry

We impose $O(3)_L\times O(3)_R$ flavor symmetry in the supersymmetric standard model. Three lepton doublets $\ell_i$ transform as an $O(3)_L$ triplet and three charged leptons $\bar e_i$ as an $O(3)_R$ triplet, while Higgs doublets $H$ and $\bar H$ are $O(3)_L\times O(3)_R$ singlets. We discuss a flavor $O(3)_L\times O(3)_R$ breaking mechanism that leads to "successful" phenomenological mass matrices, so-called "democratic" ones, in which the large $\n_μ-\n_τ$ mixing is naturally obtained. Three neutrinos have nearly degenerate masses of order $0.1\eV$ which may be accesible to future double $\b$-decay experiments. We extend our approach to the quark sector and show that it is well consistent with the observed quark mass hierarchies and the CKM matrix elements. However, the large mass of the top quark requires a relatively large coupling. constant.

hep-ph↗