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T. Wu

Publications and source records attributed to T. Wu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

The Search for $K_L \rightarrow \pi^0\pi^0\gamma\gamma$ and $K_L\rightarrow \pi^0\pi^0X$ where $X\rightarrow 2\gamma$ at the KOTO Experiment

We performed searches for $K_L\rightarrow \pi^0\pi^0X$ where $X$ may be an axion-like particle which promptly decays to two photons, and the first search for $K_L \rightarrow \pi^0\pi^0\gamma\gamma$ at the KOTO experiment using data taken in 2021. The search is performed for $X$ mass in the range of 160$\unicode{x2013}$220 MeV/$c^2$. Three events were observed in the signal region, with two events near an $X$ mass of 177 MeV/$c^2$. This result led to a range of upper limits on the branching ratio, BR($K_L\rightarrow \pi^0\pi^0X$) $< (1\unicode{x2013}20) \times 10^{-7}$ at the 95% confidence level (C.L.). No events were observed for the analysis of $K_L \rightarrow \pi^0\pi^0\gamma\gamma$, setting an upper limit on the branching ratio, BR($K_L \rightarrow \pi^0\pi^0\gamma\gamma$) $< 1.69 \times 10^{-6}$ at the 95% C.L.

hep-ex

Semiparametric Models for Practice Effects in Longitudinal Cognitive Trajectories: Application to an Aging Cohort Study

Background: True cognitive longitudinal decline can be obscured by repeated testing, which is called practice effects (PEs). We developed a modeling framework that aligns participants by baseline and estimates visit-specific PEs independently of age-related change. Method: Using real data ($N=175$), we estimated within-subject correlations via linear mixed-effects modeling and applied these parameters to simulate longitudinal trajectories for healthy controls (HC) and individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). Simulations incorporated aging, diagnostic differences, and cumulative PE indicators. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were fit with and without PEs to compare model performance. Results: Models that ignored PEs inflated estimates of cognitive stability and attenuated HC--SZ group differences. Including visit-specific PEs improved recovery of true trajectories and more accurately distinguished aging effects from learning-related gains. Interaction models further identified that PEs may differ by diagnosis or by age at baseline. Conclusion: Practice effects meaningfully bias longitudinal estimates if left unmodeled. The proposed alignment-based GEE framework provides a principled method to estimate PEs and improves accuracy in both simulated and real-world settings. Keywords: practice effects; repeat testing; serial testing; longitudinal testing; mild cognitive impairment; cognitive change.

stat.ME

Impact of edge turbulence spreading on broadening the heat flux width with plasma approaching the density limit

This paper investigates the impact of edge turbulence spreading on broadening the heat flux width in Ohmic-plasma approaching the density limit of the J-TEXT tokamak. At the plasma edge, the EXB shear flow collapses while turbulence transport and spreading enhances significantly when approaching the density limit. The heat flux width increases with normalized density. An energy production ratio model is used to quantify the contribution of edge turbulence spreading to the origin of the SOL turbulence. Experimental data show that the energy production ratio is much larger than 1, indicating that turbulence spreading at separatrix is the origin of the SOL turbulence. The heat flux widths increase with edge turbulence spreading as well as the energy production ratio. The impact of blob-induced transport on the heat flux width is investigated in detail. Especially, the average blob-induced spreading is about 81% of the total edge spreading in the high-density scenario. Blobs with larger radial scales enhance edge spreading into the SOL, thus dominating the SOL turbulence and consequently broadening the heat flux width. These results suggest that edge turbulence spreading plays a crucial role in broadening the heat flux width as plasma approaches the density limit.

physics.plasm-ph

OpenUniverse2024: A shared, simulated view of the sky for the next generation of cosmological surveys

The OpenUniverse2024 simulation suite is a cross-collaboration effort to produce matched simulated imaging for multiple surveys as they would observe a common simulated sky. Both the simulated data and associated tools used to produce it are intended to uniquely enable a wide range of studies to maximize the science potential of the next generation of cosmological surveys. We have produced simulated imaging for approximately 70 deg$^2$ of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Wide-Fast-Deep survey and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope High-Latitude Wide-Area Survey, as well as overlapping versions of the ELAIS-S1 Deep-Drilling Field for LSST and the High-Latitude Time-Domain Survey for Roman. OpenUniverse2024 includes i) an early version of the updated extragalactic model called Diffsky, which substantially improves the realism of optical and infrared photometry of objects, compared to previous versions of these models; ii) updated transient models that extend through the wavelength range probed by Roman and Rubin; and iii) improved survey, telescope, and instrument realism based on up-to-date survey plans and known properties of the instruments. It is built on a new and updated suite of simulation tools that improves the ease of consistently simulating multiple observatories viewing the same sky. The approximately 400 TB of synthetic survey imaging and simulated universe catalogs are publicly available, and we preview some scientific uses of the simulations.

astro-ph.CO

Search for the $K_{L} \to \pi^{0} \nu \bar{\nu}$ Decay at the J-PARC KOTO Experiment

We performed a search for the $K_L \to \pi^{0} \nu \bar{\nu}$ decay using the data taken in 2021 at the J-PARC KOTO experiment. With newly installed counters and new analysis method, the expected background was suppressed to $0.252\pm0.055_{\mathrm{stat}}$$^{+0.052}_{-0.067}$$_{\mathrm{syst}}$. With a single event sensitivity of $(9.33 \pm 0.06_{\rm stat} \pm 0.84_{\rm syst})\times 10^{-10}$, no events were observed in the signal region. An upper limit on the branching fraction for the decay was set to be $2.2\times10^{-9}$ at the 90% confidence level (C.L.), which improved the previous upper limit from KOTO by a factor of 1.4. With the same data, a search for $K_L \to \pi^{0} X^{0}$ was also performed, where $X^{0}$ is an invisible boson with a mass ranging from 1 MeV/$c^{2}$ to 260 MeV/$c^{2}$. For $X^{0}$ with a mass of 135 MeV/$c^{2}$, an upper limit on the branching fraction of $K_L \to \pi^{0} X^{0}$ was set to be $1.6\times10^{-9}$ at the 90% C.L.

hep-ex

Spin-stripe order tied to the pseudogap phase in La1.8-xEu0.2SrxCuO4

Although spin and charge stripes in high-Tc cuprates have been extensively studied, the exact range of carrier concentration over which they form a static order remains uncertain, complicating efforts to understand their significance. In La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO) and in zero external magnetic field, static spin stripes are confined to a doping range well below p*, the pseudogap boundary at zero temperature. However, when high fields suppress the competing effect of superconductivity, spin stripe order is found to extend up to p*. Here, we investigated La1.8-xEu0.2SrxCuO4 (Eu-LSCO) using 139La nuclear magnetic resonance and observe field-dependent spin fluctuations suggesting a similar competition between superconductivity and spin order as in LSCO. Nevertheless, we find that static spin stripes are present practically up to p* irrespective of field strength: the stronger stripe order in Eu-LSCO prevents superconductivity from enforcing a non-magnetic ground state, except very close to p*. Thus, spin-stripe order is consistently bounded by p* in both LSCO and Eu-LSCO, despite their differing balances between stripe order and superconductivity. This indicates that the canonical stripe order, where spins and charges are intertwined in a static pattern, is fundamentally tied to the pseudogap phase, though the exact nature of this connection has yet to be elucidated. Any stripe order beyond the pseudogap endpoint must then be of a different nature: either spin and charge orders remain intertwined, but both fluctuating, or only spin order fluctuates while charge order remains static. The presence of spin-stripe order up to p*, the pervasive, slow, and field-dependent spin-stripe fluctuations, as well as the electronic inhomogeneity documented in this work, must all be carefully considered in discussions of Fermi surface transformations, quantum criticality, and strange metal behavior.

cond-mat.supr-con

Spin freezing induced giant exchange bias in a doped Hund's metal

Exchange bias (EB) is a fundamental phenomenon in widespread information technologies. However, a comprehensive understanding of its microscopic origin remains a great challenge. One key issue in the debate is the role of frustration and disorder in the EB mechanism, which motivates the exploration of the EB effect in spin glass (SG) systems. Here,in the SG state of Cr-doped Hund's metal CsFe2As2, we discover a giant EB effect with a maximum bias field of ~ 2 Tesla, which is almost two orders of magnitude larger than that of traditional alloy SGs. Our results indicate that the giant EB effect should originate from the exchange interactions at the natural boundaries between the tunable ferromagnetic-like (FM) regions around Cr dopants and the SG matrix, via which the FM spins are strongly pinned by the frozen spins in the SG matrix. In addition, the temperature-dependent and cooling-field-dependent EB behaviors could be interpreted well by the SG model with frustrated FM/SG boundaries, which provides an intuitive and explicit understanding of the impact of glassy parameters on the EB effect. All these results suggest that the correlated metals are promising directions for exploring the EB effect in the SG state.

cond-mat.str-el

A Multi-Messenger Search for Exotic Field Emission with a Global Magnetometer Network

Quantum sensor networks in combination with traditional astronomical observations are emerging as a novel modality for multi-messenger astronomy. Here we develop a generic analysis framework that uses a data-driven approach to model the sensitivity of a quantum sensor network to astrophysical signals as a consequence of beyond-the-Standard Model (BSM) physics. The analysis method evaluates correlations between sensors to search for BSM signals coincident with astrophysical triggers such as black hole mergers, supernovae, or fast radio bursts. Complementary to astroparticle approaches that search for particlelike signals (e.g. WIMPs), quantum sensors are sensitive to wavelike signals from exotic quantum fields. This analysis method can be applied to networks of different types of quantum sensors, such as atomic clocks, matter-wave interferometers, and nuclear clocks, which can probe many types of interactions between BSM fields and standard model particles. We use this analysis method to carry out the first direct search utilizing a terrestrial network of precision quantum sensors for BSM fields emitted during a black hole merger. Specifically we use the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics (GNOME) to perform a search for exotic low-mass field (ELF) bursts generated in coincidence with a gravitational wave signal from a binary black hole merger (GW200311 115853) detected by LIGO/Virgo on the 11th of March 2020. The associated gravitational wave heralds the arrival of the ELF burst that interacts with the spins of fermions in the magnetometers. This enables GNOME to serve as a tool for multi-messenger astronomy. Our search found no significant events, and consequently we place the first lab-based limits on combinations of ELF production and coupling parameters.

astro-ph.HE

Some results on total weight choosability

A graph $G=(V,E)$ is called $(k,k')$-choosable if for any total list assignment $L$ which assigns to each vertex $v$ a set $L(v)$ of $k$ real numbers, and assigns to each edge $e$ a set $L(e)$ of $k'$ real numbers, there is a mapping $f:V\cup E\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ such that $f(y)\in L(y)$ for any $y\in V\cup E$ and for any two adjacent vertices $v, v'$, $\sum_{e\in E(v)}f(e)+f(v)\neq \sum_{e\in E(v')}f(e)+f(v')$, where $E(x)$ denotes the set of incident edges of a vertex $x\in V(G)$. In this paper, we characterize a sufficient condition on $(1,2)$-choosable of graphs. We show that every connected $(n,m)$-graph is both $(2,2)$-choosable and $(1,3)$-choosable if $m=n$ or $n+1$, where $(n,m)$-graph denotes the graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. Furthermore, we prove that some graphs obtained by some graph operations are $(2,2)$-choosable.

math.CO

Solution to an open problem on Laplacian ratio

Let G be a graph. The Laplacian ratio of G is the permanent of the Laplacian matrix of G divided by the product of degrees of all vertices. The computational complexity of Laplacian ratio is #P-complete. Brualdi and Goldwasser studied systematicly the properties of Laplacian ratios of graphs. And they proposed an open problem: what is the minimum value of the Laplacian ratios of trees with n vertices having diameter at least k ? In this paper, we give a solution to the problem.

math.CO

Signatures of two gaps in the spin susceptibility of a cuprate superconductor

A major obstacle to understanding high-Tc cuprates is that superconductivity precludes observing normal-state properties at low temperatures. One prime example is the normal-state spin susceptibility \c{hi}spin: although its decrease upon cooling far above Tc typifies pseudogap behavior, its behavior at low temperatures is generally unknown. Here, our measurements in high magnetic fields expose \c{hi}spin of YBa2Cu3Oy down to low temperatures. Even though superconductivity is suppressed by the field, we uncover two thermally-activated contributions alongside a residual \c{hi}spin(T=0) due to gapless excitations. We relate these two distinct gaps to short-range charge-density waves and to the formation of singlets as in certain quantum spin systems. Both phenomena thus contribute to the pseudogap at low temperature, supplementing short-lived antiferromagnetism that initiates pseudogap behavior at high temperatures. We therefore propose that the pseudogap ought to be regarded as a composite property and that, when not undergoing spin-stripe ordering, underdoped cuprates tend to form short-ranged spin singlets.

cond-mat.supr-con

TESS Cycle 2 observations of roAp stars with 2-min cadence data

We present the results of a systematic search of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) 2-min cadence data for new rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) stars observed during the Cycle 2 phase of its mission. We find seven new roAp stars previously unreported as such and present the analysis of a further 25 roAp stars that are already known. Three of the new stars show multiperiodic pulsations, while all new members are rotationally variable stars, leading to almost 70 per cent (22) of the roAp stars presented being $\alpha^2$ CVn-type variable stars. We show that targeted observations of known chemically peculiar stars are likely to overlook many new roAp stars, and demonstrate that multi-epoch observations are necessary to see pulsational behaviour changes. We find a lack of roAp stars close to the blue edge of the theoretical roAp instability strip, and reaffirm that mode instability is observed more frequently with precise, space-based observations. In addition to the Cycle 2 observations, we analyse TESS data for all known roAp stars. This amounts to 18 further roAp stars observed by TESS. Finally, we list six known roAp stars that TESS is yet to observe. We deduce that the incidence of roAp stars amongst the Ap star population is just 5.5 per cent, raising fundamental questions about the conditions required to excite pulsations in Ap stars. This work, coupled with our previous work on roAp stars in Cycle 1 observations, presents the most comprehensive, homogeneous study of the roAp stars in the TESS nominal mission, with a collection of 112 confirmed roAp stars in total.

astro-ph.SR

Emergent spin-glass state in the doped Hund's metal CsFe2As2

Hund's metal is one kind of correlated metal, in which the electronic correlation is strongly influenced by the Hund's interaction. At high temperatures, while the charge and orbital degrees of freedom are quenched, the spin degrees of freedom can persist in terms of frozen moments. As temperature decreases, a coherent electronic state with characteristic orbital differentiation always emerges at low temperatures through an incoherent-to-coherent crossover, which has been widely observed in iron-based superconductors (e.g., iron selenides and AFe2As2 (A = K, Rb, Cs)). Consequently, the above frozen moments are "screened" by coupling to orbital degrees of freedom, leading to an emergent Fermi-liquid state. In contrast, the coupling among frozen moments should impede the formation of the Fermi-liquid state by competitive magnetic ordering, which is still unexplored in Hund's metal. Here, in the iron-based Hund's metal CsFe2As2, we adopt a chemical substitution at iron sites by Cr/Co atoms to explore the competitive magnetic ordering. By a comprehensive study of resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and nuclear magnetic resonance, we demonstrate that the Fermi-liquid state is destroyed in Cr-doped CsFe2As2 by a spinfreezing transition below T_g ~ 22 K. Meanwhile, the evolution of charge degrees of freedom measured by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy also supports the competition between the Fermi-liquid state and spin-glass state.

cond-mat.supr-con

Evolution of self-organized structure, the internal transport barrier in the ion-temperature-gradient driven gyrokinetic turbulence

Understanding the self-organization of the most promising internal transport barrier in fusion plasmas needs a long-time nonlinear gyrokinetic global simulation. The Neighboring Equilibrium Update method, which solves the secularity problem in a perturbative simulation and speeds up the numerical computation by more than 10 times. It is found that the internal transport barrier emerges at the magnetic axis due to inward propagated turbulence avalanche, and its outward expansion is the catastrophe of self-organized structure induced by outward propagated avalanche.

physics.plasm-ph

Suppression of Neutron Background using Deep Neural Network and Fourier Frequency Analysis at the KOTO Experiment

We present two analysis techniques for distinguishing background events induced by neutrons from photon signal events in the search for the rare $K^0_L\rightarrow\pi^0\nu\bar{\nu}$ decay at the J-PARC KOTO experiment. These techniques employed a deep convolutional neural network and Fourier frequency analysis to discriminate neutrons from photons, based on their variations in cluster shape and pulse shape, in the electromagnetic calorimeter made of undoped CsI. The results effectively suppressed the neutron background by a factor of $5.6\times10^5$, while maintaining the efficiency of $K^0_L\rightarrow\pi^0\nu\bar{\nu}$ at $70\%$.

hep-ex

What can a GNOME do? Search targets for the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches

Numerous observations suggest that there exist undiscovered beyond-the-Standard-Model particles and fields. Because of their unknown nature, these exotic particles and fields could interact with Standard Model particles in many different ways and assume a variety of possible configurations. Here we present an overview of the Global Network of Optical Magnetometers for Exotic physics searches (GNOME), our ongoing experimental program designed to test a wide range of exotic physics scenarios. The GNOME experiment utilizes a worldwide network of shielded atomic magnetometers (and, more recently, comagnetometers) to search for spatially and temporally correlated signals due to torques on atomic spins from exotic fields of astrophysical origin. We survey the temporal characteristics of a variety of possible signals currently under investigation such as those from topological defect dark matter (axion-like particle domain walls), axion-like particle stars, solitons of complex-valued scalar fields (Q-balls), stochastic fluctuations of bosonic dark matter fields, a solar axion-like particle halo, and bursts of ultralight bosonic fields produced by cataclysmic astrophysical events such as binary black hole mergers.

hep-ph

Tailoring iridescent visual appearance with disordered resonant metasurfaces

The nanostructures of natural species offer beautiful visual appearances with saturated and iridescent colors and the question arises whether we can reproduce or even create new appearances with man-made metasurfaces. However, harnessing the specular and diffuse light scattered by disordered metasurfaces to create attractive and prescribed visual effects is currently inaccessible. Here, we present an interpretive, intuitive and accurate modal-based tool that unveils the main physical mechanisms and features defining the appearance of colloidal disordered monolayers of resonant meta-atoms deposited on a reflective substrate. The model shows that the combination of plasmonic and Fabry-Perot resonances offers uncommon iridescent visual appearances, differing from those classically observed with natural nanostructures or thin-film interferences. We highlight an unusual visual effect exhibiting only two distinct colors and theoretically investigate its origin. The approach can be useful in the design of visual appearance with easy-to-make and universal building blocks having a large resilience to fabrication imperfections, and potential for innovative coatings and fine-art applications.

physics.optics

Shell helium-burning hot subdwarf B stars as candidates for blue large-amplitude pulsators

Blue large-amplitude pulsators (BLAPs) are a newly discovered type of variable star. Their typical pulsation periods are on the order of a few tens of minutes, with relatively large amplitudes of 0.2-0.4 mag in optical bands, and their rates of period changes are on the order of $10^{-7} yr^{-1}$ (both positive and negative). They are extremely rare objects and attempts to explain their origins and internal structures have attracted a great deal of attention. Previous studies have proposed that BLAPs may be pre-white dwarfs, with masses around $0.3M_\odot$, or core-helium-burning stars in the range of $\sim 0.7-1.1M_\odot$. In this work, we use a number of MESA models to compute and explore whether BLAPs could be explained as shell helium-burning subdwarfs type B (SHeB sdBs). The models that best match existing observational constraints have helium core masses in the range of $\sim 0.45-0.5M_\odot$. Our model predicts that the positive rate of period change may evolve to negative. The formation channels for SHeB sdBs involve binary evolution and although the vast majority of BLAPs do not appear to be binaries (with the exception of HD 133729), the observational constraints are still very poor. Motivated by these findings, we explored the Roche lobe overflow channel. Of the 304 binary evolution models we computed, about half of them are able to produce SHeB sdBs in long-period binaries that evade detection from the limited observations that are currently available.

astro-ph.SR