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Taiju Yoneda

Publications and source records attributed to Taiju Yoneda.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

Topological antiqued mechanical toy

{\it Jacob's ladder} -- a classic children's toy -- is a simple mechanical frame comprising rigid blocks connected by strings that shows curious unidirectional flipping waves. Nonetheless, its physical origin remains elusive. By combining experiment, numeral simulation, and theory, we show that understanding the underlying design principle of this toy requires diverse physical ideas. First, we conduct a water-tank experiment that excludes the domino-like mechanism, thus defying widespread expectations. Subsequently, we analytically demonstrate that the toy is bistable under gravity, thus implying its kink wave as a class of topological solitons. The waves are surprisingly reminiscent -- both experimentally and theoretically -- to those in the Kane--Lubensky topological chain, owing to the stiffening of zero modes by the pretension under gravity. However, a close examination based on the index theorem reveals that the similarity remains superficial and that the floppiness of the toy underlies the kink and antikink coexistence -- a forbidden mode in the topological chain. By analyzing a generalized asymmetric toy, we reveal that its symmetric connection renders it topologically singular, thus resulting in amusing motions. We demonstrate these ideas by experimentally observing a dramatic pair annihilation of kink and antikink waves.

cond-mat.soft↗

Bacteria exploit torque-induced buckling instability for flagellar wrapping

Recent advances in microscopy techniques has uncovered unique aspects of flagella-driven motility in bacteria. A remarkable example is the discovery of flagellar wrapping, a phenomenon whereby a bacterium wraps its flagellum (or flagellar bundle) around its cell body and propels itself like a corkscrew, enabling locomotion in highly viscous or confined environments. For certain bacterial species, this flagellar-wrapping mode is crucial for establishing selective symbiotic relationships with their hosts. The transformation of a flagellum from an extended to a folded (wrapped) state is triggered by a buckling instability driven by the motor-generated torque that unwinds the helical filament. This study investigated this biologically inspired, novel buckling mechanism through a combination of macroscale physical experiments, numerical simulations, and scaling theory to reveal its underlying physical principles. Excellent quantitative agreement between experiments and numerical results showed that long-range hydrodynamic interactions (HIs) are essential for accurate quantitative descriptions of the geometrically nonlinear deformation of the helical filament during wrapping. By systematically analyzing extensive experimental and numerical data, we constructed a stability diagram that rationalized the stability boundary through an elastohydrodynamic scaling analysis. Leveraging the scaling nature of this study, we compared our physical results with available biological data and demonstrated that bacteria exploit motor-induced buckling instability to initiate their flagellar wrapping. Our findings indicate that this mechanically-driven process is essential to bacterial-wrapping motility and consequently, plays a critical role in symbiosis and infection.

cond-mat.soft↗

Structure, design and mechanics of a pop-up origami with cuts

Rotational erection system (RES) represents an origami-based design method for generating a three-dimensional (3D) structure from a planar sheet without compression. Its rotational and translational kinematics is fully encoded in a form of prescribed cuts and folds that has only zero degrees of freedom in the geometric limit. Here we characterize mechanical and geometric properties of a threefold symmetric RES by combining finite element numerical simulation and physical experiment. We demonstrate that a plate bending in RES creates a physical route connecting the two energetically separated configurations, i.e., flat and standing states, allowing RES to morph into a 3D shape via a snap-through transition. We quantify the energy barrier for the bistability and show that it is independent of the entire span of the structure but depends only on its aspect ratio, indicating that the bistability of RES is essentially scale independent. The scale-free and tunable nature of the emergent bistability will be potentially useful in a range of applications including switching devices, energy-adsorbing mechanical systems, and one-step construction in architectures. The present study clarifies the basic actuation mechanism of an origami-based deployable structure extended with chiral patterned cuts, opening up the way for the use of optimally designed RES in a range of man-made systems.

cond-mat.soft↗