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Takahiro Tanaka

Publications and source records attributed to Takahiro Tanaka.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

Weak gravity in DGP braneworld model

We analyze the weak gravity in the braneworld model proposed by Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati, in which the unperturbed background spacetime is given by five dimensional Minkowski bulk with a brane which has the induced Einstein Hilbert term. This model has a critical length scale $r_c$. Naively, we expect that the four dimensional general relativity (4D GR) is approximately recovered at the scale below $r_c$. However, the simple linear perturbation does not work in this regime. Only recently the mechanism to recover 4D GR was clarified under the restriction to spherically symmetric configurations, and the leading correction to 4D GR was derived. Here, we develop an alternative formulation which can handle more general perturbations. We also generalize the model by adding bulk cosmological constant and the brane tension.

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Generation of dark radiation in the bulk inflaton model

We investigate the dynamics of a bulk scalar field with various decay channels in the Randall-Sundrum infinite braneworld scenario. A bulk scalar field in this scenario has a quasi-localized mode which dominates the late-time behavior near the brane. As for this mode, an interesting point is the presence of dissipation caused by the escape of the energy in the direction away from the brane, even if the bulk scalar field does not have the interaction with the other bulk fields in the bulk and fields on the brane. We can interpret that this lost energy is transfered to the dark radiation. We show that such an effective 4-dimensional description for a bulk scalar field is valid including the various processes of energy dissipation.

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Braneworld reheating in the bulk inflaton model

In the context of the braneworld inflation driven by a bulk scalar field, we study the energy dissipation from the bulk scalar field into the matter on the brane in order to understand the reheating after inflation. Deriving the late-time behavior of the bulk field with dissipation by using the Green's function method, we give a rigorous justification of the statement that the standard reheating process is reproduced in this bulk inflaton model as long as the Hubble parameter on the brane and the mass of the bulk scalar field are much smaller than the 5-dimensional inverse curvature scale. Our result supports the idea that the brane inflation model caused by a bulk scalar field is expected to be a viable alternative scenario of the early universe.

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Application of the Separate Universe Approach to Preheating

The dynamics of preheating after inflation has not been clearly understood yet.In particular, the issue of the generation of metric perturbations during preheating on super-horizon scale is still unsettled. Large scale perturbations may leave an imprint on the cosmic microwave background, or may become seeds for generation of primordial black holes. Hence, in order to make a connection between the particle physics models and cosmological observations, understanding the evolution of super-Hubble scale perturbations during preheating is important. Here, we propose an alternative treatment to handle this issue based on the so-called separate universe approach, which suggests less efficient amplification of super-Hubble modes during preheating than was expected before. We also point out an important issue which may have been overlooked in previous treatments.

astro-ph↗

Second order perturbations in the radius stabilized Randall-Sundrum two branes model II -- Effect of relaxing strong coupling approximation --

We discuss gravitational perturbations in the Randall-Sundrum two branes model with radius stabilization. Following the idea by Goldberger and Wise for the radius stabilization, we introduce a scalar field which has potentials localized on the branes in addition to a bulk potential. In our previous paper we discussed gravitational perturbations induced by static, spherically symmetric and nonrelativistic matter distribution on the branes under the condition that the values of the scalar field on the respective branes cannot fluctuate due to its extremely narrow brane potentials. We call this case the strong coupling limit. Our concern in this paper is to generalize our previous analysis relaxing the limitation of taking the strong coupling limit. We find that new corrections in metric perturbations due to relaxing the strong coupling limit enhance the deviation from the 4D Einstein gravity only in some exceptional cases. In the case that matter fields reside on the negative tension brane, the stabilized radion mass becomes very small when the new correction becomes large.

hep-th↗

Second order perturbations in the radius stabilized Randall-Sundrum two branes model

The nonlinear gravitational interaction is investigated in the Randall-Sundrum two branes model with the radius stabilization mechanism. As the stabilization model, we assume a single scalar field that has a potential in the bulk and a potential on each brane. We develop a formulation of the second order gravitational perturbations under the assumption of a static and axial-symmetric five-dimensional metric that is spherically symmetric in the four-dimensional sense. After deriving the formal solutions for the perturbations, we discuss the gravity on each brane induced by the matter on its own side, taking the limit of large coupling of the scalar field interaction term on the branes. We show using the Goldberger-Wise stabilization model that four-dimensional Einstein gravity is approximately recovered in the second order perturbations.

hep-th↗

Moduli effective action in warped brane world compactifications

We consider a class of 5-D brane-world solutions with a power-law warp factor $a(y)\propto y^{q}$, and bulk dilaton with profile $ϕ\propto \ln y$, where $y$ is the proper distance in the extra dimension. This class includes the Heterotic M-theory brane-world of Refs. \cite{ovrut,ekpy} and the Randall-Sundrum (RS) model as a limiting case. In general, there are two moduli fields $y_{\pm}$, corresponding to the "positions" of two branes (which live at the fixed points of an orbifold compactification). Classically, the moduli are massless, due to a scaling symmetry of the action. However, in the absence of supersymmetry, they develop an effective potential at one loop. Local terms proportional to $K_\pm^4$, where $K_\pm=q/y_\pm$ is the local curvature scale at the location of the corresponding brane, are needed in order to remove the divergences in the effective potential. Such terms break the scaling symmetry and hence they may act as stabilizers for the moduli. When the branes are very close to each other, the effective potential induced by massless bulk fields behaves like $V\sim d^{-4}$, where $d$ is the separation between branes. When the branes are widely separated, the potentials for each one of the moduli generically develop a "Coleman-Weinberg"-type behaviour of the form $a^4(y_\pm)K_\pm^4 \ln(K_\pm/μ_\pm)$, where $μ_\pm$ are renormalization scales. In the RS case, the bulk geometry is $AdS$ and $K_\pm$ are equal to a constant, independent of the position of the branes, so these terms do not contribute to the mass of the moduli. However, for generic warp factor, they provide a simple stabilization mechanism. For $q\gtrsim 10$, the observed hierarchy can be naturally generated by this potential, giving the lightest modulus a mass of order $m_- \lesssim TeV$.

hep-th↗

Bulk scalar field in the braneworld can mimic the 4D inflaton dynamics

Based on the recently proposed scenario of inflation driven by a bulk scalar field in the braneworld of the Randall-Sundrum (RS) type, we investigate the dynamics of a bulk scalar field on the inflating braneworld. We derive the late time behavior of the bulk scalar field by analyzing the property of the retarded Green function. We find that the late time behavior is basically dominated by a single (or a pair of) pole(s) in the Green function irrespective of the initial condition and of the signature of $m^{2}=V''(ϕ)$, where $V(ϕ)$ is the potential of the bulk scalar field. Including the lowest order back-reaction to the geometry, this late time behavior can be well approximated by an effective 4-dimensional scalar field with $m^2_{\mathrm{eff}}=m^2/2$. The mapping to the 4-dimensional effective theory is given by a simple scaling of the potential with a redefinition of the field. Our result supports the picture that the scenario of inflation driven by a bulk scalar field works in a quite similar way to that in the standard 4-dimensional cosmology.

gr-qc↗

Brane collisions and braneworld cosmology

Recently, we proposed a new braneworld model [GIT] in which the collision of a brane universe and a vacuum bubble coming from the extra-dimension is utilized as a trigger of brane big-bang. In this article, mainly reviewing this model, we briefly summarize cosmological braneworld scenarios in which collision of branes plays an important role.

hep-th↗

Can a brane fluctuate freely?

No, it cannot in the following sense if a self-gravitating vacuum brane is concerned. Once we write down the full set of linear perturbation equations of the system containing a self-gravitating brane, we will see that such a brane does not have its own dynamical degrees of freedom independent of those of gravitational waves which propagate in the surrounding spacetime. This statement seems to contradict with our intuition that a brane fluctuates freely on a given background spacetime in the lowest order approximation. Based on this intuition, we usually think that the dynamics of a brane can be approximately described by the equations derived from the Nambu-Goto action. In this paper we fill the gap residing between these two descriptions, showing that the dynamics of a self-gravitating brane is in fact similar to that described by a non-gravitating brane on a fixed background spacetime when the weak backreaction condition we propose in this paper is satisfied.

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Classical black hole evaporation in Randall-Sundrum infinite braneworld

After the gravity induced on the brane in the Randall-Sundrum (RS) infinite braneworld is briefly reviewed, we discuss the possibility that black holes evaporate as a result of classical evolution in this model based on the AdS/CFT correspondence. If this possibility is really the case, the existence of long-lived solar mass black holes will give the strongest constraint on the bulk curvature radius. At the same time, we can propose a new method to simulate the evaporation of a 4D black hole due to the Hawking radiation as a 5D process.

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Brane Big-Bang Brought by Bulk Bubble

We propose an alternative inflationary universe scenario in the context of Randall-Sundrum braneworld cosmology. In this new scenario the existence of extra-dimension(s) plays an essential role. First, the brane universe is initially in the inflationary phase driven by the effective cosmological constant induced by small mismatch between the vacuum energy in the 5-dimensional bulk and the brane tension. This mismatch arises since the bulk is initially in a false vacuum. Then, the false vacuum decay occurs, nucleating a true vacuum bubble with negative energy inside the bulk. The nucleated bubble expands in the bulk and consequently hits the brane, bringing a hot big-bang brane universe of the Randall-Sundrum type. Here, the termination of the inflationary phase is due to the change of the bulk vacuum energy. The bubble kinetic energy heats up the universe. As a simple realization, we propose a model, in which we assume an interaction between the brane and the bubble. We derive the constraints on the model parameters taking into account the following requirements: solving the flatness problem, no force which prohibits the bubble from colliding with the brane, sufficiently high reheating temperature for the standard nucleosynthesis to work, and the recovery of Newton's law up to 1mm. We find that a fine tuning is needed in order to satisfy the first and the second requirements simultaneously, although, the other constraints are satisfied in a wide range of the model parameters.

hep-th↗

Cosmological perturbations in the 5D Big Bang

Bucher [Bucher2001] has recently proposed an interesting brane-world cosmological scenario where the ``Big Bang'' hypersurface is the locus of collision of two vacuum bubbles which nucleate in a five dimensional flat space. This gives rise to an open universe, where the curvature can be very small provided that $d/R_0$ is sufficiently large. Here, d is the distance between bubbles and $R_0$ is their size at the time of nucleation. Quantum fluctuations develop on the bubbles as they expand towards each other, and these in turn imprint cosmological perturbations on the initial hypersurface. We present a simple formalism for calculating the spectrum of such perturbations and their subsequent evolution. We conclude that, unfortunately, the spectrum is very tilted, with spectral index $n_s=3$. The amplitude of fluctuations at horizon crossing is given by $<(δρ/ρ)^2> \sim (R_0/d)^2 S_E^{-1} k^2$, where $S_E\gg 1$ is the Euclidean action of the instanton describing the nucleation of a bubble and k is the wavenumber in units of the curvature scale. The spectrum peaks on the smallest possible relevant scale, whose wave-number is given by $k\sim d/R_0$. We comment on the possible extension of our formalism to more general situations where a Big Bang is ignited through the collision of 4D extended objects.

hep-th↗

Second Order Perturbations in the Randall-Sundrum Infinite Brane-World Model

We discuss the non-linear gravitational interactions in the Randall-Sundrum single brane model. If we naively write down the 4-dimensional effective action integrating over the fifth dimension with the aid of the decomposition with respect to eigen modes of 4-dimensional d'Alembertian, the Kaluza-Klein mode coupling seems to be ill-defined. We carefully analyze second order perturbations of the gravitational field induced on the 3-brane under the assumption of the static and axial-symmetric 5-dimensional metric. It is shown that there remains no pathological feature in the Kaluza-Klein mode coupling after the summation over all different mass modes. Furthermore, the leading Kaluza-Klein corrections are shown to be sufficiently suppressed in comparison with the leading order term which is obtained by the zero mode truncation. We confirm that the 4-dimensional Einstein gravity is approximately recovered on the 3-brane up to second order perturbations.

hep-th↗

Naked singularities and quantum gravity

There are known models of spherical gravitational collapse in which the collapse ends in a naked shell-focusing singularity for some initial data. If a massless scalar field is quantized on the classical background provided by such a star, it is found that the outgoing quantum flux of the scalar field diverges in the approach to the Cauchy horizon. We argue that the semiclassical approximation (i.e. quantum field theory on a classical curved background) used in these analyses ceases to be valid about one Planck time before the epoch of naked singularity formation, because by then the curvature in the central region of the star reaches Planck scale. It is shown that during the epoch in which the semiclassical approximation is valid, the total emitted energy is about one Planck unit, and is not divergent. We also argue that back reaction in this model does not become important so long as gravity can be treated classically. It follows that the further evolution of the star will be determined by quantum gravitational effects, and without invoking quantum gravity it is not possible to say whether the star radiates away on a short time scale or settles down into a black hole state.

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A comment on trans-Planckian physics in inflationary universe

There are several works searching for a clue of trans-Planckian physics on the primordial density perturbation spectrum. Here we would like to point out an important aspect which has been overlooked so far. When we consider a model in which the primordial density perturbation spectrum is modified due to trans-Planckian physics, the energy density of fluctuations of the inflaton field necessarily becomes significantly large, and hence its back reaction to the cosmic expansion rate cannot be neglected.

astro-ph↗

The First Search for Gravitational Waves from Inspiraling Compact Binaries using TAMA300 data

We analyzed 6 hours of data from the TAMA300 detector by matched filtering, searching for gravitational waves from inspiraling compact binaries. We incorporated a two-step hierarchical search strategy in matched filtering. We obtained an upper limit of 0.59/hour (C.L.=90%) on the event rate of inspirals of compact binaries with mass between 0.3M_solar and 10M_solar and with signal-to-noise ratio greater than 7.2. The distance of 1.4M_solar (0.5M_solar) binaries which produce the signal-to-noise ratio 7.2 was estimated to be 6.2kpc (2.9kpc) when the position of the source on the sky and the inclination angle of the binaries were optimal.

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Analytic derivation of the map of null rays passing near a naked singularity

Recently the energy emission from a naked singularity forming in spherical dust collapse has been investigated. This radiation is due to the particle creation in a curved spacetime. In this discussion, the central role is played by the mapping formula between the incoming and the outgoing null coordinates. For the self-similar model, this mapping formula has been derived analytically. But for the model with $C^{\infty}$ density profile, the mapping formula has been obtained only numerically. In the present paper, we argue that the singular nature of the mapping is determined by the local geometry around the point at which the singularity is first formed. If this is the case, it would be natural to expect that the mapping formula can be derived analytically. In the present paper, we analytically rederive the same mapping formula for the model with $C^{\infty}$ density profile that has been earlier derived using a numerical technique.

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