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Takeo Kato

Publications and source records attributed to Takeo Kato.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

ScoreDial: Precise Control of Visual Attributes in Image Generation via Regressor Guidance from Limited Human Ratings

Requested-value control is stricter than continuous steering: given $c$ on a human-rating scale, the generated image should attain that value from only limited ratings. We present ScoreDial, which fits a differentiable regressor $R$ to 100-479 human-rated images; once $R$ is fixed, a requested value $c$ is defined on its output scale, and learned target conditioning is paired with error-adaptive guidance that repeatedly reduces $|R(\mathbf{x})-c|$ during sampling. Across tire slip resistance, interior visual complexity, food desire-to-eat, and soap translucency, using one set of sampler settings shared across all four, ScoreDial reaches requested values and achieves, on all four attributes, $R$-MAE at most 0.013 over a range of width 0.8 and Spearman $ρ=0.980$, the maximum attainable under our evaluation protocol. Because $R$ also drives sampling, we evaluate agreement with $R$ separately from matched sweeps, an independent auditor fitted to the same ratings on a backbone none of the deployed regressors uses, and blinded human judgments. MPGD-flow also reaches the requested values under $R$, but ScoreDial has larger auditor displacement on every attribute, the largest among all compared methods, and a stronger MPGD-flow setting gives up target agreement without closing this gap. On every attribute, removing target conditioning leaves low $R$-MAE but more than halves auditor displacement, separating precise score correction from attribute movement. Blinded rating studies with 15 raters per attribute show that mean human ratings track $c$ on tire and soap, with linear $R^2=0.665$ and $R^2=0.786$, and in forced-choice comparisons of matched sweeps, raters chose ScoreDial's as the clearer progression in at least 84% of judgments against every baseline.

cs.CV↗

Electronic driving of torsional modes in carbon nanotubes via orbital-phonon coupling

We theoretically investigate electronic driving of a torsional mode in a suspended carbon nanotube quantum dot. The valley states in a nanotube carry opposite orbital magnetic moments along the tube axis, and intervalley mixing forms valley-mixed eigenstates whose splitting can be controlled by an axial magnetic field. We formulate an orbital-rotation coupling between the torsional angular velocity and the valley orbital angular momentum. Using a master equation for sequential tunneling through normal-metal electrodes, we calculate the steady-state current and the phonon distribution of the torsional mode. When the valley-state splitting matches the torsional phonon energy, orbital transitions can drive the mode out of equilibrium. The contacts control both phonon pumping and its electrical readout, allowing substantial excitation with a positive, vanishing, or negative current response. The mechanism requires no intrinsic spin or valley polarization of the electrodes, but uses state-dependent tunneling at the contacts.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Torsional oscillation of carbon nanotubes driven by electron spins

We theoretically investigate the current-induced excitation of torsional vibrations in a suspended carbon nanotube (CNT) quantum dot. By considering a CNT clamped between half-metallic ferromagnetic electrodes with an antiparallel magnetization configuration, we demonstrate that the spin-rotation coupling (SRC) enables the transfer of angular momentum from electron spins to the mechanical torsional mode under a constant source-drain voltage. Using a master-equation approach to analyze the coupled dynamics of the dot levels and a quantized torsional oscillator, we evaluate the steady-state current and phonon distribution. We find that when the Zeeman splitting matches the torsional phonon energy, the system exhibits sharp resonant behavior in the current, accompanied by a significant increase in the phonon population. Our estimates for realistic device parameters indicate that this spin-driven mechanism can drive CNT torsional vibrations with detectable amplitudes. This work provides a theoretical basis for resonant current-controlled actuation of CNT torsional modes via SRC-mediated transfer of spin angular momentum.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Microscopic theory of spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance in nonmagnetic-metal/ferromagnetic-metal heterostructures

We develop a microscopic theory of spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR) in nonmagnetic-metal/ferromagnetic-metal heterostructures. Tracing out the conduction-electron degrees of freedom in the FM, we derive an effective interfacial exchange coupling between the localized spins and the conduction electron spins in the adjacent electron system. Based on this interaction, we calculate the current-induced driving torque, resonance-frequency shift, damping modulation, and resulting dc voltage. As a concrete example, we apply the formulation to a disordered Rashba two-dimensional electron gas and demonstrate that the ST-FMR spectrum reflects the dynamical spin responses of the adjacent electron system. Our formulation applies to a broad class of heterostructures and establishes a unified microscopic framework connecting ST-FMR spectra directly to the electronic spin responses of adjacent systems.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Ferromagnetic resonance modulation in topological materials with bulk--boundary coexistence

We extend ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) modulation theory to describe systems in which bulk and boundary states of topological materials coexist, with both appearing at the same energy. As an application of the formulation, we investigate the enhancement of the Gilbert damping constant on the $(110)$ surface of a $d$-wave superconductor where nodal quasiparticles coexist with edge states, which are one-dimensional boundary states, known as surface zero-energy Andreev bound states. We find two characteristic features: a pronounced edge-to-edge excitation peak near zero energy, and an additional edge-to-bulk excitation peak at the superconducting gap energy. We also observe power-law decay at low temperatures and exponential decay at intermediate temperatures in the low-energy regime. These features demonstrate the comparable contributions of the bulk and boundary states to the FMR response. Our theory provides a broadly applicable framework for the analysis of topological materials.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Two-body loss dynamics as a probe of dynamical bulk viscosity in ultracold atomic gases

We show that the equilibrium connected correlation of the two-body loss rate provides access to the dynamical bulk viscosity in weakly dissipative quantum gases. Starting from the Lindblad equation for weak inelastic losses, we derive the loss-current operator and, using a counting-field formulation of the loss statistics, the relation between the statistics of detected losses and the equilibrium loss-rate correlator. The connected correlation of the two-body loss rate is found to be proportional to the equilibrium contact correlation and hence to the bulk-viscosity spectrum. We show that the measured loss-counting covariance contains, besides the Poissonian self-correlation, a quantum-jump backaction term of the same order as the target correlator, which is fixed by the transient of the mean loss rate after the loss is switched on. The bulk-viscosity spectrum can therefore be reconstructed from the combination of the loss-counting covariance and the mean loss dynamics. Our result identifies weak two-body loss dynamics as a probe of dynamical bulk viscosity, whose measurement has remained elusive in experiments.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

Stability-threshold control of helicity-selective antiferromagnetic resonance

We study helicity-selective antiferromagnetic resonance in an antiferromagnetic-insulator/nonmagnetic-metal junction with sublattice-dependent damping and spin-orbit torque. By formulating the linearized Landau--Lifshitz--Gilbert equation as a 2x2 non-Hermitian eigenvalue problem, we analyze the complex resonance frequencies and the stability threshold, using MnF$_2$ parameters as a representative example of a uniaxial antiferromagnet. We show that the absorption is strongly enhanced near the stability threshold, where one helicity mode becomes weakly damped, leading to linewidth narrowing and pronounced helicity selectivity in the sub-THz regime. The selected helicity can be switched by reversing the current direction, which reverses the spin-orbit torque acting on the interfacial sublattice. These results identify stability-threshold control as a design principle for electrically tunable helicity-selective antiferromagnetic resonance in uniaxial antiferromagnets.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Microwave response of fractional quantum Hall droplets with quasiparticle tunneling

We theoretically study microwave absorption spectroscopy of fractional quantum Hall droplets in the presence of quasiparticle tunneling across a quantum point contact. This contact-free probe provides access to collective edge dynamics beyond conventional transport measurements. We develop a nonperturbative path-integral Monte Carlo approach that enables computation of the frequency-dependent response at finite temperature and for arbitrary droplet geometries, and benchmark the method against analytical results in the weak-tunneling regime. We find that tunneling produces measurable shifts and broadening of resonance peaks, with systematic dependence on tunneling strength and device geometry. Such shifts and broadenings are not obtained in perturbative treatments acting directly on the response function, but emerge when interaction-kernel effects are properly incorporated. Our results indicate experimentally accessible signatures of edge-mode interference and tunneling-induced renormalization of collective excitations, and support the use of microwave spectroscopy as a quantitative probe of quasiparticle dynamics in mesoscopic quantum Hall structures.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Orbital Accumulation Induced by Chiral Phonons

We theoretically investigate orbital accumulation driven by chiral phonons via orbital-dependent electron-lattice coupling. We derive a formula for the orbital accumulation induced by classical lattice dynamics or nonequilibrium phonons, emphasizing the rectified second-order response of the orbital moment to lattice displacement. We show that chiral phonons primarily couple to orbital quadrupole moments and that static orbital dipole accumulation can be generated at second order in the lattice displacement. Our study provides a useful method for generating orbital accumulation without using spin-orbit interactions and suggests a strategy to boost its magnitude by harnessing band structure hot spots associated with orbital degeneracy.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Microscopic derivation of the microstretch theory for carbon nanotubes

Twisted carbon nanotubes support phonons involving not only torsion, naturally associated with microrotation, but also radial breathing, which requires a scalar stretch degree of freedom. We derive an effective microstretch theory for these modes starting from nonlinear elasticity on a cylindrical surface. By linearizing the equation of motion around a uniformly twisted equilibrium configuration, we obtain the dynamical matrix for the twisting, longitudinal, and radial-breathing modes. This matrix coincides with that of a one-dimensional microstretch theory, and the corresponding elastic constants are expressed in terms of the Lamé constants, the nanotube radius, and the twist rate. The twist generates chiral couplings in the effective theory, which hybridize the three modes and open an anticrossing in the phonon dispersion. These results provide a microscopic basis for the microstretch description of phonons in twisted carbon nanotubes and clarify how structural chirality enters the effective couplings.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Spin Peltier effect in graphene

In this work, we theoretically investigate the spin-Peltier effect in a heterostructure composed of graphene and a ferromagnetic insulator (FI). Using a microscopic formalism based on the characteristic spin-flip scattering length at the graphene/FI interface, we analyze how spin accumulation in graphene gives rise to a temperature difference across the junction. We show that, in the presence of an external magnetic field, the electronic spectrum of graphene is quantized into Landau levels, which strongly modifies the available spin-flip scattering channels. In particular, crossings between Landau levels significantly enhance the spin-flip scattering amplitude, leading to a pronounced amplification of the spin-Peltier response. Our results suggest that measurements of the spin-induced temperature difference in graphene-FI heterostructures can serve as a sensitive probe of discrete electronic energy levels. More broadly, this work provides a theoretical framework for understanding spin-driven thermal effects in hybrid systems combining Dirac materials and magnetic insulators.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Spin Seebeck effect in magnetic junctions with a compensated ferrimagnet

Compensated ferrimagnets enable ferromagnet-like spin transport without net magnetization. We study the spin Seebeck effect in a compensated ferrimagnet/normal-metal junction using a four-sublattice model in which sublattice inequivalence arises from differences in exchange couplings, in contrast to the previously studied anisotropy-based mechanism. Within the nonequilibrium Green's function framework, we show that isotropic magnon splitting generates a robust spin current with a magnitude comparable to that in standard ferromagnetic junctions. We also demonstrate that the spin Seebeck effect vanishes in altermagnet junctions under identical conditions, thereby establishing compensated ferrimagnets as uniquely suited for thermal spin-current generation among magnetically compensated systems. These results provide a theoretical basis for the applications of compensated ferrimagnets with exchange-coupling asymmetry as stray-field-free spin-current sources in spintronic devices.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Generalized continuum theory of phonon angular momentum in crystals

We formulate a generalized continuum theory of phonon angular momentum in crystals by introducing a local SO(3) material frame in addition to the macroscopic displacement field. The local frame represents rotational optical degrees of freedom of the unit cell and brings acoustic displacement modes and optical rotational modes into a common long-wavelength continuum description. In the linearized limit, the co-rotated deformation gradient and the rotational gradient associated with the local material frame recover the Eringen microdeformation and wryness tensors; isotropic micropolar elasticity then appears as a special case. Rotational symmetry and Noether's theorem determine the continuum phonon angular-momentum density, including both the displacement-polarization contribution and the intrinsic microrotation contribution. The theory further identifies the locking limit in which microrotation reduces to lattice vorticity and the improper-symmetry-breaking terms responsible for chiral phonon splitting.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry at the $ν=2/5$ fractional quantum Hall edge

We propose a Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometer for a $ν=2/5$ fractional quantum Hall edge system, in which quasiparticles tunnel between two co-propagating edge modes. In contrast to the previously studied anyonic Fabry-Pérot and Mach-Zehnder interferometers, the proposed setup relies purely on two-particle interference rather than single-particle interference. In the weak-tunneling regime, we employ a bosonized edge theory together with Keldysh perturbation theory to evaluate the cross-correlation of the tunneling currents. In the large-device limit, we obtain an analytic expression for the flux-dependent noise, whose structure closely resembles that of an electronic HBT interferometer, but with the electron charge replaced by the fractional charge $e^{\star}=e/3$ and with scaling dimensions characteristic of the fractional edge modes. In this limit, the explicit anyonic exchange phases cancel, whereas when the device size becomes comparable to the thermal length, the cross-correlation may recover a more explicit dependence on the anyonic statistical angle.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Spin Current Generation Controlled by the Néel State in a Compensated Ferrimagnet

Compensated ferrimagnets, which break sublattice and time-reversal symmetries in the ground state, exhibit an isotropic ferromagnet-like spin splitting despite a vanishing net magnetization, in contrast to altermagnets with momentum-dependent spin splitting. We investigate how isotropic spin splitting manifests in spin transport by analyzing the spin Seebeck effect and spin pumping in a junction between a compensated ferrimagnet and a normal metal. We show that compensated ferrimagnets generate a sizable spin Seebeck signal, with a sign that can be reversed by switching between the two Néel states. Furthermore, we demonstrate that spin pumping exhibits a Néel-state-dependent resonance splitting, which is absent in conventional antiferromagnets. These results identify spin pumping as a natural readout mechanism for compensated ferrimagnets and establish them as promising magnetization-free building blocks for spintronic memory devices.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Charging energy effects on a single-edge anyon braiding detector

We investigate the influence of capacitive coupling on the detection of anyon braiding in a single-edge interferometer realized in the fractional quantum Hall regime. In this setup, a quantum point contact bends a single edge into a loop, where tunneling occurs at the open end and is controlled by the QPC voltage. In contrast with previously studied two-edge geometries, the weak backscattering regime is dominated by the first-order perturbative term, allowing quantum transport quantities to factorize into a non-universal prefactor and a braiding-induced contribution that provides direct access to the universal statistical angle $πλ$. While previous analyses neglected edge-to-edge capacitance, we show that capacitive effects, which are known to play a crucial role in mesoscopic capacitors, modify both the current and the current cross-correlations. Using a two-point Green's function formalism augmented by Dyson's equation to include the charging energy, we quantify how the fluctuations of the cross-correlations depend simultaneously on $λ$ and on the capacitance of the loop. Our results indicate that a reliable extraction of the statistical angle requires a parallel measurement of the loop capacitance, which can be implemented via a charged gate coupled to the junction.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Multipolar orbital relaxation of the $t_{2g}$ states

Using a nonperturbative approach, the relaxation rate of orbital dipolar and quadrupolar moments is computed analytically for the t2g states. In the presence of short-range impurities and in the absence of spin-orbit coupling, the orbital relaxation emerges from the competition between momentum scattering and the effect of the crystal field. In the case of weak disorder, the orbital relaxation time is proportional to the momentum scattering time: each scattering event contributes to destroying the orbital moment. In the case of strong disorder, the effect of the crystal field is averaged out, and the orbital relaxation time is inversely proportional to the momentum scattering. We finally find that the dipolar and quadrupolar orbital moments are coupled by the crystal field, resulting in a complex dynamical behavior upon orbital injection.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

Spin Pumping into two-dimensional systems

In this review, we present recent theoretical developments on spin transport phenomena probed by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) modulation in two-dimensional systems coupled to magnetic materials. We first address FMR linewidth enhancements induced by spin pumping at interfaces, emphasizing their potential as sensitive probes of superconducting pairing symmetries in two-dimensional superconductors. We then examine FMR modulation due to spin pumping into two-dimensional electron gases formed in semiconductor heterostructures, where the interplay of Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit interactions enables gate-controlled spin transport and persistent spin textures. Finally, we investigate spin pumping in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides, where spin-valley coupling and Berry curvature effects lead to valley-selective spin excitations and a spin-current Hall effect. These developments demonstrate that the spin pumping technique provides a versatile tool for probing spin transport and spin-dependent phenomena in low-dimensional systems, offering a basis for future spintronics applications.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗