arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Takuya Saito.
One of the central problems in the topology of hyperplane arrangements is determining whether the complement is a $K(π,1)$-space. In this paper, we study Manin--Schechtman arrangements, introduced as higher-dimensional analogs of the braid arrangement, and prove that their complements have non-vanishing higher homotopy groups. Consequently, these arrangements fail to be $K(π,1)$ in a broad range of cases.
In the theory of error-correcting codes, the minimum weight and the weight enumerator play a crucial role in evaluating the error-correcting capacity. In this paper, by viewing the weight enumerator as a quasi-polynomial, we reduce the calculation of the minimum weight to that of a code over a smaller integer residue ring. We also give a transformation formula between the Tutte quasi-polynomial and the weight enumerator. Furthermore, we compute the number of maximum weight codewords for the codes related to the matroids $N_k$ and $Z_k$. This is equivalent to computing the characteristic quasi-polynomial of the hyperplane arrangements related to $N_k$ and $Z_k$.
We discuss a failure of the wide-spread method of images solution to describe the time evolution of probability distribution in diffusive processes with memory. For a path that touches a target during stochastic evolution, we define its conjugate twin of reflected path and show that their path probability ratio obeys a relation analogous to the fluctuation theorem. For systems reducible to the generalized Langevin equation with the fluctuation-dissipation relation, we suggest thermodynamic interpretation of the processes, which provides a quantitative basis as well as an intuitive physical picture on how and why the method of images breaks down for non-Markovian processes.
Discriminantal arrangements are hyperplane arrangements, which are generalized braid ones. They are constructed from given hyperplane arrangements, but their combinatorics are not invariant under combinatorial equivalence. However, it is known that the combinatorics of the discriminantal arrangement are constant on a Zariski open set of the space of hyperplane arrangements. In the present paper, we introduce non-very generic varieties in the space of hyperplane arrangements to classify discriminantal arrangements and show that the Zariski open set is the complement of non-very generic varieties. We study their basic properties and construction and provide examples, including infinite families of non-very generic varieties. In particular, the construction we call degeneration is a powerful tool for constructing non-very generic varieties. As an application, we provide lists of non-very generic varieties for spaces of small line arrangements.
A discriminantal hyperplane arrangement B(n,k,A) is constructed from a given (generic) hyperplane arrangement A, which is classified as either very generic or non-very generic depending on the combinatorial structure of B(n,k,A). In particular, A is considered non-very generic if the intersection lattice of B(n,k,A) contains at least one non-very generic intersection -- that is, an intersection that fails to satisfy a specific rank condition established by Athanasiadis in [1]. In this paper, we present arithmetic criteria characterizing non-very generic intersections in discriminantal arrangements and we complete and correct a previous result by Libgober and the third author concerning rank-two intersections in such arrangements.
This article investigates spatiotemporally discrete or continuous stochastic descriptions, where we focus on differences in heat naturally defined between the particle level and the density field. Both the descriptions are found to generally make the heat differences by the entropic term expressed just with the number density through spatial projection from the many particles' positions onto the density field. The transformation from the Langevin to Dean--Kawasaki equations is considered as the projection in the continuous descriptions, where the emergent heat differences undergo little temporal variations due to the sparse distributions of the point-particles. On the other hand, the analogous formalisms constructed in the discrete models may exhibit the explicit temporal evolutions of the entropic term. Furthermore, we develop arguments about the interpretation and applicability of the heat differences as well as the perspectives to many-polymer system.
In this paper, we give a characterization of homogeneous quandles with abelian inner automorphism groups. In particular, we show that such a quandle is expressed as an abelian extension of a trivial quandle. Our construction is a generalization of the recent work by Furuki and Tamaru, which gives a construction of disconnected flat quandles.
The discriminantal arrangement $\mathcal{B}(n,k,\mathcal{A})$ has been introduced by Manin and Schectman in 1989 and it consists of all non-generic translates of a generic arrangement $\mathcal{A}$ of n hyperplanes in a $k$-dimensional space. It is known that its combinatorics depends on the original arrangement A which, following Bayer and Brandt [3], is called very generic if the intersection lattice of the induced discriminantal arrangement has maximum cardinality, non-very generic otherwise. While a complete description of the combinatorics of $\mathcal{B}(n,k,\mathcal{A})$ when $\mathcal{A}$ is very generic is known (see [2]), very few is known in the non-very generic case. Even to provide examples of non very generic arrangements proved to be a non-trivial task (see [17]). In this paper, we characterize, classify and provide examples of non-very generic arrangements in low dimension.
In the present paper, we provide cohomology groups for matroids, as a categorification of the characteristic polynomial of matroids. The construction depends on the ``quasi-representation'' of a matroid. For a certain choice of the quasi-representation, we show that our cohomology theory gives a generalization of the chromatic cohomology introduced by L. Helme--Guizon and Y. Rong, and also the characteristic cohomology introduced by Z. Dancso and A. Licata.
This study develops an algorithm to reproduce reaction route maps (RRMs) in shape space from the outputs of potential search algorithms. To demonstrate this, GRRM is utilized as a potential search algorithm but the proposed algorithm should work with other potential search algorithms in principle. The proposed algorithm does not require any encoding of the molecular configurations and is thus applicable to complicated realistic molecules for which efficient encoding is not readily available. We show subgraphs of a RRM mapped to each other by the action of the symmetry group are isomorphic and also provide an algorithm to compute the set of feasible transformations in the sense of Longuet--Higgins. We demonstrate the proposed algorithm in toy models and in more realistic molecules. Finally, we remark on absolute rate theory from our perspective.
A reaction route map (RRM) constructed using the GRRM program is a collection of elementary reaction pathways, each of which comprises two equilibrium (EQ) geometries and one transition state (TS) geometry connected by an intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC). An RRM can be mathematically represented by a graph with weights assigned to both vertices, corresponding to EQs, and edges, corresponding to TSs, representing the corresponding energies. In this study, we propose a method to extract topological descriptors of a weighted graph representing an RRM based on persistent homology (PH). The work of Mirth et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 2021, 154, 114114], in which PH analysis was applied to the (3N-6)-dimensional potential energy surface of an N atomic system, is related to the present method, but our method is practically applicable to realistic molecular reactions. Numerical assessments revealed that our method can extract the same information as the method proposed by Mirth et al. for the 0-th and 1-st PHs, except for the death of the 1-st PH. In addition, the information obtained from the 0-th PH corresponds to the analysis using the disconnectivity graph. The results of this study suggest that the descriptors obtained using the proposed method accurately reflect the characteristics of the chemical reactions and/or physicochemical properties of the system.
Independent of specific local features, global spatio-temporal structures in diverse phenomena around bifurcation points are described by the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) derived using the reductive perturbation method, which includes prediction of spatio-temporal chaos. The generality in the CGLE scheme includes oscillatory instability in slip behavior between stable and unstable regimes. Such slip transitions accompanying spatio-temporal chaos is expected for frictional interfaces of a thin elastic layer made of soft solids, such as rubber or gel, where especially chaotic behavior may be easily discovered due to their compliance. Slow earthquakes observed in the aseismic-to-seismogenic transition zone along a subducting plate are also potential candidates. This article focuses on the common properties of slip oscillatory instability from the viewpoint of a CGLE approach by introducing a drastically simplified model of an elastic body with a thin layer, whose local expression in space and time allows us to employ conventional reduction methods. Special attention is paid to incorporate a rate-and-state friction law supported by microscopic mechanisms beyond the Coulomb friction law. We discuss similarities and discrepancies in the oscillatory instability observed or predicted in soft matter or a slow earthquake.
A diffusive trajectory drawn by the generalized Langevin equation (GLE) for a colloidal particle evokes a random fractal of a static polymer configuration. This article proposes a static GLE-like description that enables the generation of a single configuration of a polymer chain with the noise formulated to satisfy the static fluctuation-response relation (FRR) along a one-dimensional chain structure but not along a temporal coordinate. A remarkable point is qualitative differences and similarities in the FRR formulation between the static and the dynamical GLEs. Guided by the static FRR, we further make analogous arguments in the light of stochastic energetics and the steady-state fluctuation theorem.
We investigate modifications of a stochastic polymer picture through a shift in the boundary between the system and an external environment. A conventional bead-and-spring model serving as the coarse-graining model is given by the Langevin equation for all the monomers subject to white noise. However, stochastic motion for only a tagged monomer is observed to occur in the presence of colored noise. The qualitative change in the observations arises from the boundary shift decided by the observer. The Langevin dynamics analyses interpret the colored noise as the emergence of the polymeric elastic force, resulting in additional heat in the tagged monomer observation. Being distinguished from coarse-graining based on scale separation, the projection of comparable internal degrees of freedom is also discussed in light of the fluctuation theorem and the stochastic polymer thermodynamics.
This article focuses on a preaveraging description of polymer nonequilibrium stretching, where a single polymer undergoes a transient process from equilibrium to nonequilibrium steady state by pulling one chain end. The preaveraging method combined with mode analysis reduces the original Langevin equation to a simplified form for both a stretched steady state and an equilibrium state, even in the presence of self-avoiding repulsive interactions spanning a long range. However, the transient stretching process exhibits evolution of a hierarchal regime structure, which means a qualitative temporal change in probabilistic distributions assumed in preaveraging. We investigate the preaveraging method for evolution of the regime structure with consideration of the nonequilibrium work relations and deviations from the fluctuation-dissipation relation.
This study investigated the waveform representation for audio signal classification. Recently, many studies on audio waveform classification such as acoustic event detection and music genre classification have been published. Most studies on audio waveform classification have proposed the use of a deep learning (neural network) framework. Generally, a frequency analysis method such as Fourier transform is applied to extract the frequency or spectral information from the input audio waveform before inputting the raw audio waveform into the neural network. In contrast to these previous studies, in this paper, we propose a novel waveform representation method, in which audio waveforms are represented as a bit sequence, for audio classification. In our experiment, we compare the proposed bit representation waveform, which is directly given to a neural network, to other representations of audio waveforms such as a raw audio waveform and a power spectrum with two classification tasks: one is an acoustic event classification task and the other is a sound/music classification task. The experimental results showed that the bit representation waveform achieved the best classification performance for both the tasks.
Several sub-diffusive stochastic processes in nature, e.g., motion of tagged monomer in polymers, height fluctuation of interfaces and particle dynamics in single-file diffusion etc. can be described rigorously or approximately by the superposition of various modes whose relaxation times are broadly distributed. In this paper, we propose a mode analysis generating super-diffusion, which is paired or complementary with that for sub-diffusion. The key point in our discussion lies in the identification of a pair of conjugated variables, which undergoes sub- and super-diffusion, respectively. We provide a simple interpretation for the sub- and superdiffusion duality for these variables using the language of polymer physics. The analysis also suggests the usefulness to look at the force fluctuation in experiments, where a polymer is driven by a constant velocity.
The way tension propagates along a chain is a key to govern many of anomalous dynamics in macromolecular systems. After introducing the weak and the strong force regimes of the tension propagation, we focus on the latter, in which the dynamical fluctuations of a segment in a long polymer during its stretching process is investigated. We show that the response, i.e., average drift, is anomalous, which is characterized by the nonlinear memory kernel, and its relation to the fluctuation is nontrivial. These features are discussed on the basis of the generalized Langevin equation, in which the role of the temporal change in spring constant due to the stress hardening is pinpointed. We carried out the molecular dynamics simulation, which supports our theory.