arXiv subjects

Talal Ahmed Chowdhury

Publications and source records attributed to Talal Ahmed Chowdhury.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Machine Learning on Heterogeneous, Edge, and Quantum Hardware for Particle Physics (ML-HEQUPP)

The next generation of particle physics experiments will face a new era of challenges in data acquisition, due to unprecedented data rates and volumes along with extreme environments and operational constraints. Harnessing this data for scientific discovery demands real-time inference and decision-making, intelligent data reduction, and efficient processing architectures beyond current capabilities. Crucial to the success of this experimental paradigm are several emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML), silicon microelectronics, and the advent of quantum algorithms and processing. Their intersection includes areas of research such as low-power and low-latency devices for edge computing, heterogeneous accelerator systems, reconfigurable hardware, novel codesign and synthesis strategies, readout for cryogenic or high-radiation environments, and analog computing. This white paper presents a community-driven vision to identify and prioritize research and development opportunities in hardware-based ML systems and corresponding physics applications, contributing towards a successful transition to the new data frontier of fundamental science.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2026

Quantum Utility in Simulating the Real-time Dynamics of the Fermi-Hubbard Model using Superconducting Quantum Computers

The Fermi-Hubbard model is a fundamental model in condensed matter physics that describes strongly correlated electrons. On the other hand, quantum computers are emerging as powerful tools for exploring the complex dynamics of these quantum many-body systems. In this work, we demonstrate the quantum simulation of the one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model using IBM's superconducting quantum computers, employing over 100 qubits. We introduce a first-order Trotterization scheme and extend it to an optimized second-order Trotterization for the time evolution in the Fermi-Hubbard model, specifically tailored for the limited qubit connectivity of quantum architectures, such as IBM's platforms. Notably, both Trotterization approaches are scalable and maintain a constant circuit depth at each Trotter step, regardless of the qubit count, enabling us to precisely investigate the relaxation dynamics in the Fermi-Hubbard model by measuring the expectation value of the Néel observable (staggered magnetization) for time-evolved quantum states. Finally, our successful measurement of expectation values in such large-scale quantum many-body systems, especially at longer time scales with larger entanglement, highlights the quantum utility of superconducting quantum platforms over conventional classical approximation methods.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2026

Quantum Simulation of the Real-time Dynamics in the multi-flavor Gross-Neveu Model at the utility scale using Superconducting Quantum Computers

We present a scalable quantum simulation framework for real-time dynamics of the multi-flavor Gross-Neveu model in 1+1 dimensions. Using superconducting quantum processors at utility scale, we develop a hardware-efficient Trotterization whose per-step circuit depth scales with fermion flavor number rather than total system size, enabling simulations beyond 100 qubits. A central contribution of this work is the Localized Diagonal Operator Approximation (LDOA), which systematically reduces the overhead associated with quartic interactions. We formulate diagonal unitary synthesis as a structured least-squares problem in phase space and obtain analytic solutions via the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse. This formulation provides a principled and quantitatively controlled approximation: in the small Trotter-step regime, the unitary error is directly linked to the phase reconstruction error and vanishes asymptotically as the Trotter step size decreases. This establishes a clear mathematical foundation for the LDOA while significantly reducing two-qubit gate counts and circuit depth, and is broadly applicable to diagonal quantum operators with long-range structure, making it particularly well suited for quantum hardware with limited qubit connectivity. Using these techniques, we run large-scale simulations on IBM superconducting processors and study real-time observables, including density-density correlators. We benchmark against exact diagonalization and tensor network-based methods, finding strong agreement across system sizes. These results show that combining hardware-aware circuit design with rigorous approximations enables practical near-term simulation of interacting fermionic field theories and provides a scalable pathway toward more complex quantum field theory simulations.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Probing Entanglement Dynamics in the SYK Model using Quantum Computers

Quantum computers are expected to be vital for exploring complex dynamics in many-body quantum systems. Thus, validating established results on current quantum computers is essential for evaluating their future utility. Hence, we investigate the entanglement entropy of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, a paradigmatic model of quantum chaos, many-body physics, and holographic duality, in current IBM's superconducting quantum computers. We implement optimized swap-based many-body interference protocol and randomized measurement protocol tailored for IBM quantum computers' limited qubit connectivity. Additionally, we employ quantum multi-programming that parallelizes circuit execution to improve the results obtained by the randomized measurement protocol. Finally, by incorporating the quantum error mitigation techniques into our implementation of the entropy measurement protocols on IBM quantum hardware, we show that the current noisy quantum computer can yield results aligned with theoretical expectations, therefore affirming its capability to explore chaotic quantum dynamics in complex quantum systems.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Capturing the Page Curve and Entanglement Dynamics of Black Holes in Quantum Computers

Quantum computers are emerging technologies expected to become important tools for exploring various aspects of fundamental physics in the future. Therefore, we pose the question of whether quantum computers can help us to study the Page curve and the black hole information dynamics, which has been a key focus in fundamental physics. In this regard, we rigorously examine the qubit transport model, a toy qubit model of black hole evaporation on IBM's superconducting quantum computers, to shed light on this question. Specifically, we implement the quantum simulation of the scrambling dynamics in black holes using an efficient random unitary circuit. Furthermore, we employ the swap-based many-body interference protocol and the randomized measurement protocol to measure the entanglement entropy of Hawking radiation qubits in this model. Finally, by incorporating quantum error mitigation techniques into our challenging implementation of entanglement entropy measurement protocols on the IBM quantum hardware, we accurately determine the Rényi entropy in the qubit transport model, thus showcasing the utility of quantum computers for future investigations of complex quantum systems.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Probing Quantum Spin Systems with Kolmogorov-Arnold Neural Network Quantum States

Neural Quantum States (NQS) are a class of variational wave functions parametrized by neural networks (NNs) to study quantum many-body systems. In this work, we propose \texttt{SineKAN}, a NQS \textit{ansatz} based on Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs), to represent quantum mechanical wave functions as nested univariate functions. We show that \texttt{SineKAN} wavefunction with learnable sinusoidal activation functions can capture the ground state energies, fidelities and various correlation functions of the one dimensional Transverse-Field Ising model, Anisotropic Heisenberg model, and Antiferromagnetic $J_{1}-J_{2}$ model with different chain lengths. In our study of the $J_1-J_2$ model with $L=100$ sites, we find that the \texttt{SineKAN} model outperforms several previously explored neural quantum state \textit{ansätze}, including Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs), Long Short-Term Memory models (LSTMs), and Multi-layer Perceptrons (MLP) \textit{a.k.a.} Feed Forward Neural Networks, when compared to the results obtained from the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) algorithm. We find that \texttt{SineKAN} models can be trained to high precisions and accuracies with minimal computational costs.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Quantum Utility-Scale Error Mitigation for Quantum Quench Dynamics in Heisenberg Spin Chains

We propose a quantum error mitigation method termed self-mitigation, which is comparable with zero-noise extrapolation, to achieve quantum utility on near-term, noisy quantum computers. We investigate the effectiveness of several quantum error mitigation strategies, including self-mitigation, by simulating quantum quench dynamics for Heisenberg spin chains with system sizes up to 104 qubits using IBM quantum processors. In particular, we discuss the limitations of zero-noise extrapolation and the advantages offered by self-mitigation at a large scale. The self-mitigation method shows stable accuracy with the large systems of 104 qubits with more than 3,000 CNOT gates. Also, we combine the discussed quantum error mitigation methods with practical entanglement entropy measuring methods, and it shows a good agreement with the theoretical estimation. Our study illustrates the usefulness of near-term noisy quantum hardware in examining the quantum quench dynamics of many-body systems at large scales, and lays the groundwork for surpassing classical simulations with quantum methods prior to the development of fault-tolerant quantum computers.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2025

Polarized and unpolarized gluon PDFs: generative machine learning applications for lattice QCD matrix elements at short distance and large momentum

Lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations share a defining challenge by requiring a small finite range of spatial separation $z$ between quark/gluon bilinears for controllable power corrections in the perturbative QCD factorization, and a large hadron boost $p_z$ for a successful determination of collinear parton distribution functions (PDFs). However, these two requirements make the determination of PDFs from lattice data very challenging. We present the application of generative machine learning algorithms to estimate the polarized and unpolarized gluon correlation functions utilizing short-distance data and extending the correlation up to $zp_z \lesssim 14$, surpassing the current capabilities of lattice QCD calculations. We train physics-informed machine learning algorithms to learn from the short-distance correlation at $z\lesssim 0.36$ fm and take the limit, $p_z \to \infty$, thereby minimizing possible contamination from the higher-twist effects for a successful reconstruction of the polarized gluon PDF. We also expose the bias and problems with underestimating uncertainties associated with the use of model-dependent and overly constrained functional forms, such as $x^α(1-x)^β$ and its variants to extract PDFs from the lattice data. We propose the use of generative machine learning algorithms to mitigate these issues and present our determination of the polarized and unpolarized gluon PDFs in the nucleon.

hep-lat↗

arXiv2024

Doubly-charged scalars of the Minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model at Muon Colliders

We investigate the prospects of probing the doubly-charged scalars of the minimal Left-Right Symmetric model (MLRSM) at a muon collider. We assess its capability by studying the production of doubly-charged scalars and their subsequent decay into four charged lepton final states containing the same-charge lepton pairs. We find that the channels with same-charge electron and muon pairs, i.e., ($e^{\pm}e^{\pm}μ^{\mp}μ^{\mp}$ and its charge conjugated pairs), have the largest sensitivity due to the lowest Standard Model background. Besides, we show that the possibility of using fully polarized initial muon beams in the muon collider can enhance the detection sensitivity of doubly-charged scalars of the MLRSM. Furthermore, we show that one can put exclusion limits on the magnitudes of triplet Yukawa couplings that are directly related to the neutrino sector of the MLRSM for the mass range $1.1-5$ TeV of the doubly-charged scalars.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Higgs Quadruplet Impact on $W$ Mass Shift, Dark Matter, and LHC Signatures

The addition of a Higgs quadruplet to the standard model (SM) of quarks and leptons would shift the $W$ boson mass upward. It could also facilitate the production of dark matter through the conventional thermal freeze-out scenario via Yukawa interaction with the Higgs quadruplet or freeze-in production from the decay of SM Higgs. We investigate the same-sign lepton smoking gun signature of the double-charged scalar component of the Quadruplet Higgs at the LHC.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2024

Enhancing quantum utility: simulating large-scale quantum spin chains on superconducting quantum computers

We present the quantum simulation of the frustrated quantum spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chain with competing nearest-neighbor $(J_1)$ and next-nearest-neighbor $(J_2)$ exchange interactions in the real superconducting quantum computer with qubits ranging up to 100. In particular, we implement, for the first time, the Hamiltonian with the next-nearest neighbor exchange interaction in conjunction with the nearest neighbor interaction on IBM's superconducting quantum computer and carry out the time evolution of the spin chain by employing first-order Trotterization. Furthermore, our novel implementation of second-order Trotterization for the isotropic Heisenberg spin chain, involving only nearest-neighbor exchange interaction, enables precise measurement of the expectation values of staggered magnetization observable across a range of up to 100 qubits. Notably, in both cases, our approach results in a constant circuit depth in each Trotter step, independent of the initial number of qubits. Our demonstration of the accurate measurement of expectation values for the large-scale quantum system using superconducting quantum computers designates the quantum utility of these devices for investigating various properties of many-body quantum systems. This will be a stepping stone to achieving the quantum advantage over classical ones in simulating quantum systems before the fault tolerance quantum era.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2024

Probing Zee-Babu states at Muon Colliders

The Zee-Babu model is a minimal realization of radiative neutrino mass generation mechanism at the two-loop level. We study the phenomenology of this model at future multi-TeV muon colliders. After imposing all theoretical and low-energy experimental constraints on the model parameters, we find that the Zee-Babu states are expected not to reside below the TeV scale, making it challenging to probe them at the LHC. We first analyze the production rates for various channels, including multi singly-charged and/or doubly-charged scalars at muon colliders. For concreteness, we study several benchmark points that satisfy neutrino oscillation data and other constraints and find that most channels have large production rates. We then analyze the discovery reach of the model using two specific channels: the pair production of singly- and doubly-charged scalars. For the phenomenologically viable scenarios considered in this study, charged scalars with masses up to ${\cal O}(3$--$4)$ TeV can be probed for the center-of-mass energy of $10$ TeV and total luminosity of $10~{\rm ab}^{-1}$.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Gravitational waves from metastable cosmic strings in Pati-Salam model in light of new pulsar timing array data

A series of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) recently observed gravitational waves at the nanohertz frequencies. Motivated by this remarkable result, we present a novel class of Pati-Salam models that give rise to a network of metastable cosmic strings, offering a plausible explanation for the observed PTA data. Besides, we introduce a hybrid inflationary scenario to eliminate magnetic monopoles that arise during the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the Pati-Salam gauge group to the Standard Model. The resulting scalar spectral index is compatible with Planck data, and the tensor-to-scalar ratio is anticipated to be extremely small. Moreover, we incorporate a non-thermal leptogenesis to generate the required baryon asymmetry in our framework. Finally, the gravitational wave spectra generated by the metastable cosmic strings not only correspond to signals observed in recent PTAs, including NANOGrav, but are also within the exploration capacity of both present and future ground-based and space-based experiments.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Quantum simulation of quantum mechanical system with spatial noncommutativity

Quantum simulation has become a promising avenue of research that allows one to simulate and gain insight into the models of High Energy Physics whose experimental realizations are either complicated or inaccessible with current technology. We demonstrate the quantum simulation of such a model, a quantum mechanical system with spatial noncommutativity, which is inspired by the works in Noncommutative Geometry and Noncommutative Field theory for a universal quantum computer. We use the novel group theoretical formalism to map the Hamiltonian of such a noncommutative quantum system into the ordinary quantum mechanical Hamiltonian and then carry out the quantum simulation using the Trotter-Suzuki product formula. Furthermore, we distinguish the impact of the noncommutativity parameter on the quantum simulation, especially on the Trotter error, and point out how its sizable value affects the simulation.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

Non-perturbative effects for dark sectors with QCD portals

In this work, we consider a class of dark matter (DM) models where the DM does not directly interact with the Standard Model (SM) particles at the tree-level. Therefore, the coannihilation mechanism is crucial in achieving the correct DM relic abundance, which in turn requires the coannihilating partner to be close in mass to the actual DM particle. In our systematisation of the models' class, the mediator and the coannihilation partner are assumed to be charged under QCD interactions. This last feature calls for a scrutiny of non-perturbative effects, namely Sommerfeld factors and bound-state formation, on the annihilations of the colored partner. Such non-perturbative effects are illustrated with an example model comprising a scalar leptoquark mediator, a Dirac vector-like fermion coannihilation partner, and a singlet DM fermion. Phenomenological features of this model, namely DM direct and indirect detection prospects, collider implications, and impact on the muon anomalous magnetic moment, are discussed.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2023

On a charged spinless point particle minimally coupled to a constant magnetic field in a noncommutative plane

In this paper, we provide a mathematically and physically consistent minimal prescription for a charged spinless point particle coupled to a constant magnetic field in a 2-dimensional noncommutative plane. It turns out to be a gauge invariant prescription in contrast to the widely and carelessly used naive minimal prescription in the context of 2-dimensional quantum mechanics in a noncommutative plane. Besides, we explore the noncommutative U(1) gauge theoretic structure of the underlying noncommutative system by explicitly computing the 1-parameter family of Seiberg-Witten maps.

math-ph↗

arXiv2022

Leptoquark-vectorlike quark model for the CDF $m_W$, $(g-2)_μ$, $R_{K^{(\ast)}}$ anomalies and neutrino mass

Very recently, a substantial $7σ$ deviation of the $W$-boson mass from the Standard Model (SM) prediction has been reported by the CDF collaboration. Furthermore, the Muon g-2 Experiment recently confirmed the longstanding tension in $(g-2)_μ$. Besides, the updated result from the LHCb collaboration found evidence for the breaking of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, which shows a $3.1σ$ discrepancy and is consistent with their previous measurements. Motivated by several of these drawbacks of the SM, in this work, we propose a model consisting of two scalar leptoquarks and a vectorlike quark to simultaneously address the $W$-boson mass shift, the $(g-2)_μ$, and anomalies in the neutral current transitions of the $B$-meson decays. The proposed model also sheds light on the origin of neutrino mass and can be fully tested at the future colliders.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2022

$W$ boson mass shift and muon magnetic moment in the Zee model

The CDF collaboration at Fermilab has recently reported a new precision measurement of the $W$~boson mass showing a substantial $7σ$ deviation from the Standard Model prediction. Moreover, Fermilab has recently confirmed the longstanding tension in the $(g-2)_μ$ measurement. We propose a unified solution to these deviations within the simplest radiative neutrino mass model: the Zee model. Our analysis establishes non-trivial links between the origin of neutrino mass, the $(g-2)_μ$ anomaly, and the $W$~boson mass shift while being consistent with lepton flavor violation and all other experimental constraints. We find that the mass spectrum of the physical scalars must be hierarchical to be consistent with the $W$~boson mass shift; remarkably, this is also the key to resolving the $(g-2)_μ$ tension. Furthermore, this mass splitting offers a unique same-sign dimuon signal through which our model can be tested at the LHC.

hep-ph↗