Nanoscale Photo-Thermal Interaction Theory
Photothermal interaction in nanoscale systems has emerged as a versatile tool for selective heat deposition and robust tuning of optical responses with a myriad of applications from hyperthermal medical treatment to switching and routing of optical signals. However, to date a comprehensive theory of transient photothermal interaction is missing. Development of such a theory is particularly challenged when optical excitation duration is comparable to the timescale related of heat transport, an emergent regime with a mutually interconnected transient interplay of light abortion and heat-induced change of optical responses. Here, we develop a coupled mode theory that captures intricate transient photothermal phenomena in a wide range of nanoscale systems. We further reveal conditions for optimal energy deposition and heating. As an example scenario we apply our model to design metasurfaces with high contrast and efficient temperature and optical switching, demonstrating fast cooling to the rest state (within 40 ns). Beyond exquisite control of both transient temperature profiles and optical responses, our theory offers deep physical insights onto photo-thermal interaction at the nanoscale which can find use in variety of fields from medical treatment to active photonics and manufacturing.