arXiv subjects

Tetsuo Ogawa

Publications and source records attributed to Tetsuo Ogawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2017

Decomposition of radiation energy into work and heat

We investigate energy transfer by the radiation from a cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) system in the context of quantum thermodynamics. We propose a method of decomposing it into work and heat within the framework of quantum master equations. We find that the work and heat correspond respectively to the coherent and incoherent parts of the radiation. In the derivation of the method, it is crucial to investigate the dynamics of the system that receives the radiation from the cavity.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2017

Markovian Quantum Master Equation beyond Adiabatic Regime

By introducing a temporal change timescale $τ_{\text{A}}(t)$ for the time-dependent system Hamiltonian, a general formulation of the Markovian quantum master equation is given to go well beyond the adiabatic regime. In appropriate situations, the framework is well justified even if $τ_{\text{A}}(t)$ is faster than the decay timescale of the bath correlation function. An application to the dissipative Landau-Zener model demonstrates this general result. The findings are applicable to a wide range of fields, providing a basis for quantum control beyond the adiabatic regime.

cond-mat.stat-mech↗

arXiv2016

High-energy side-peak emission of exciton-polariton condensates in high density regime

In a standard semiconductor laser, electrons and holes recombine via stimulated emission to emit coherent light, in a process that is far from thermal equilibrium. Exciton-polariton condensates -- sharing the same basic device structure as a semiconductor laser, consisting of quantum wells coupled to a microcavity -- have been investigated primarily at densities far below the Mott density for signatures of Bose-Einstein condensation. At high densities approaching the Mott density, exciton-polariton condensates are generally thought to revert to a standard semiconductor laser, with the loss of strong coupling. Here, we report the observation of a photoluminescence sideband at high densities that cannot be accounted for by conventional semiconductor lasing. This also differs from an upper-polariton peak by the observation of the excitation power dependence in the peak-energy separation. Our interpretation as a persistent coherent electron-hole-photon coupling captures several features of this sideband whereas many remain elusive. Understanding the observation will lead to a development in non-equilibrium many-body physics.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2015

Laser under ultrastrong electromagnetic interaction with matter

The conventional picture of the light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (laser) is broken under the ultrastrong interaction between the electromagnetic fields and matter, and distinct dynamics of the electric field and of the magnetic one make the "laser" qualitatively different from the conventional laser, which has been described simply without the distinction. The "laser" in the ultrastrong regime can show a rich variety of behaviors with spontaneous appearance of coherence. We found that the "laser" generally accompanies odd-order harmonics of the electromagnetic fields both inside and outside the cavity and a synchronization with an oscillation of atomic population. A bistability is also demonstrated in a simple model under two-level and single-mode approximations.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2015

Generating Functional Approach for Spontaneous Coherence in Semiconductor Electron-Hole-Photon Systems

Electrons, holes, and photons in semiconductors are interacting fermions and bosons. In this system, a variety of ordered coherent phases can be formed through the spontaneous phase symmetry breaking because of their interactions. The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of excitons and polaritons is one of such coherent phases, which can potentially crossover into the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) type ordered phase at high densities under quasi-equilibrium conditions, known as the BCS-BEC crossover. In contrast, one can find the semiconductor laser, superfluorescence (SF), and superradiance as relevant phenomena under nonequilibrium conditions. In this paper, we present a comprehensive generating functional theory that yields nonequilibrium Green's functions in a rigorous way. The theory gives us a starting point to discuss these phases in a unified view with a diagrammatic technique. Comprehensible time-dependent equations are derived within the Hartree-Fock approximation, which generalize the Maxwell-Semiconductor-Bloch equations under the relaxation time approximation. With the help of this formalism, we clarify the relationship among these cooperative phenomena and we show theoretically that the Fermi-edge SF is directly connected to the e-h BCS phase. We also discuss the emission spectra as well as the gain-absorption spectra.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2014

Stability of polarizable materials against superradiant phase transition

The possibility of the superradiant phase transition in polarizable materials described by the minimal-coupling Hamiltonian with the longitudinal dipole-dipole interaction is examined. We try to reduce the Hamiltonian into the Dicke one in homogeneous and infinite case, and discuss the stability of normal ground state by the formalism of Green function in spatially inhomogeneous case. The presence of the longitudinal dipole-dipole interaction does not enable the superradiant phase transition, if the transverse and longitudinal fields are decoupled. Although the full dipole-dipole interaction can be eliminated in the electric-dipole gauge in the absence of overlap between individual atomic dipoles, we cannot reduce the Hamiltonian to the Dicke one, because the elimination is justified only if all the transverse and longitudinal fields remain. Even if the transverse and longitudinal fields are mixed in spatially inhomogeneous systems, the normal ground state is still stable if the system does not show the superradiant phase transition in the homogeneous case.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2014

Equilibrium to nonequilibrium condensation in driven-dissipative semiconductor systems

Semiconductor microcavity systems strongly coupled to quantum wells are now receiving a great deal of attention because of their ability to efficiently generate coherent light by the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of an exciton-polariton gas. Since the exciton polaritons are composite quasi-bosonic particles, many fundamental features arise from their original constituents, i.e., electrons, holes and photons. As a result, not only equilibrium phases typified by the BEC but also nonequilibrium lasing phases can be achieved. In this contribution, we describe a framework which can treat such equilibrium and nonequilibrium phases in a unified way.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2014

Second Thresholds in BEC-BCS-Laser Crossover of Exciton-Polariton Systems

The mechanism of second thresholds observed in several experiments is theoretically revealed by studying the BEC-BCS-laser crossover in exciton-polariton systems. We found that there are two different types for the second thresholds; one is a crossover within quasi-equilibrium phases and the other is into non-equilibrium (lasing). In both cases, the light-induced band renormalization causes gaps in the conduction and valence bands, which indicates the exsistence of bound electron-hole pairs in contrast to earlier expectations. We also show that these two types can be distinguished by the gain spectra.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2014

Cavity-loss induced plateau in coupled cavity QED array

Nonequilibrium steady states are investigated in a coupled cavity QED array system which is pumped by a thermal bath and dissipated through cavity loss. In the coherent (non-zero photon amplitude) phase, plateau regions appear, where the steady states become unchanged against the variation of the chemical potential of the thermal bath. The cavity loss plays a crucial role for the plateaus: the plateaus appear only if the cavity loss exists, and the photon leakage current, which is induced by the loss, is essential to the mechanism of the plateaus.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2013

Reply to Comment on "System-environment coupling derived by Maxwell's boundary conditions from the weak to the ultrastrong light-matter-coupling regime"

As mentioned by Simone De Liberato [arXiv:1307.5615], when we suppose the metallic thin mirror and perform the renormalization additionally to the approach starting from the frequently-used system-environment coupling Hamiltonian, we can certainly resolve the discrepancy of its result from that obtained by the reliable approach in the main discussion of our paper [Phys. Rev. A 88, 013814 (2013), arXiv:1301.3960]. Although the suggested approach is currently applicable to the specific situation after checking its validity by our reliable but cumbersome approach, we instead propose to start from the system-environment coupling Hamiltonian determined properly by the mechanism of the confinement and loss of the cavity fields. This approach is applicable to any cavity structures in principle, and we do not face the renormalization problem appearing in the comment.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2013

A recipe for Hamiltonian of system-environment coupling applicable to ultrastrong light-matter interaction regime

When the light interacts with matters in a lossy cavity, in the standard cavity quantum electrodynamics, the dissipation of cavity fields is characterized simply by the strengths of the two couplings: the light-matter interaction and the system-environment coupling through the cavity mirror. However, in the ultrastrong light-matter interaction regime, the dissipation depends also on whether the two couplings are mediated by the electric field or the magnetic one (capacitive or inductive in superconducting circuits). Even if we know correctly the microscopic mechanism (Lagrangian) of the system-environment coupling, the coupling Hamiltonian itself is in principle modified due to the ultrastrong interaction in the cavity. In this paper, we show a recipe for deriving a general expression of the Hamiltonian of the system-environment coupling, which is applicable even in the ultrastrong light-matter interaction regime in the good-cavity and independent-transition limit.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2013

Excitons and biexcitons in symmetric electron-hole bilayers

Symmetric electron-hole bilayer systems have been studied at zero temperature using the diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method. A flexible trial wave function is used that can describe fluid, excitonic and biexcitonic phases. We calculate condensate fractions and pair correlation functions for a large number of densities rs and layer separations d. At small d we find a one-component fluid phase, an excitonic fluid phase, and a biexcitonic fluid phase, and the transitions among them appear to be continuous. At d = 0, excitons appear to survive down to about rs = 0.5 a.u., and biexcitons form at rs > 2.5 a.u.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2013

First-order superfluid-Mott-insulator transition for quantum optical switching in cavity QED arrays with two cavity modes

We theoretically investigated the ground states of coupled arrays of cavity quantum electrodynamical (cavity QED) systems in presence of two photon modes. Within the Gutzwiller-type variational approach, we found the first-order quantum phase transition between Mott insulating and superfluid phases as well as the conventional second-order one. The first-order phase transition was found only for specific types of emitter models, and its physical origin is clarified based on the analytic arguments which are allowed in the perturbative and semiclassical limits. The first-order transition of the correlated photons is accompanied with discontinuous change in the emitter states, not only with the appearance of inter-cavity coherence in the superfluid phase. We also discuss the condition for the first-order transition to occur, which can lead to a strategy for future design of quantum optical switching devices with cavity QED arrays.

cond-mat.quant-gas↗

arXiv2013

System-environment coupling derived by Maxwell's boundary conditions from weak to ultrastrong light-matter coupling regime

In the standard theory of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), coupling between photons inside and outside a cavity (cavity system and photonic reservoir) is given conserving the total number of photons. However, when the cavity photons (ultra)strongly interact with atoms or excitations in matters, the system-reservoir coupling must be determined from a more fundamental viewpoint. Based on the Maxwell's boundary conditions in the QED theory for dielectric media, we derive the quantum Langevin equation and input-output relation, in which the total number of polaritons (not photons) inside the cavity and photons outside is conserved.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2012

Dissipation and detection of polaritons in ultrastrong coupling regime

We have investigated theoretically a dissipative polariton system in the ultrastrong light-matter coupling regime without using the rotating-wave approximation on system-reservoir coupling. Photons in a cavity and excitations in matter respectively couple two large ensembles of harmonic oscillators (photonic and excitonic reservoirs). Inheriting the quantum statistics of polaritons in the ultrastrong coupling regime, in the ground state of the whole system, the two reservoirs are not in the vacuum states but they are squeezed and correlated. We suppose this non-vacuum reservoir state in the master equation and in the input-output formalism with Langevin equations. Both two approaches consistently guarantee the decay of polariton system to its ground state, and no photon detection is also obtained when the polariton system is in the ground state.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2009

What Determines the Wave Function of Electron-Hole Pairs in Polariton Condensates?

The ground state of a microcavity polariton Bose-Einstein condensate is determined by considering experimentally tunable parameters such as excitation density, detuning, and ultraviolet cutoff. During a change in the ground state of Bose-Einstein condensate from excitonic to photonic, which occurs as increasing the excitation density, the origin of the binding force of electron-hole pairs changes from Coulomb to photon-mediated interactions. The change in the origin gives rise to the strongly bound pairs with a small radius, like Frenkel excitons, in the photonic regime. The change in the ground state can be a crossover or a first-order transition, depending on the above-mentionsed parameters, and is outlined by a phase diagram. Our result provides valuable information that can be used to build theoretical models for each regime.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2006

Excitonic BCS-BEC crossover at finite temperature: Effects of repulsion and electron-hole mass difference

The BCS to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) crossover of electron-hole (e-h) pairs in optically excited semiconductors is studied using the two-band Hubbard model with both repulsive and attractive interactions. Applying the self-consistent t-matrix approximation combined with a local approximation, we examine the properties of a normal phase and an excitonic instability. The transition temperature from the normal phase to an e-h pair condensed one is studied to clarify the crossover from an e-h BCS-like state to an excitonic Bose-Einstein condensation, which takes place on increasing the e-h attraction strength. To investigate effects of the repulsive interaction and the e-h mass difference, we calculate the transition temperature for various parameters of the interaction strengths, the e-h particle density, and the mass difference. While the transition temperature in the e-h BCS regime is sufficiently suppressed by the repulsive interaction, that of the excitonic BEC is largely insensitive to it. We also show quantitatively that in the whole regime the mass difference leads to large suppression of the transition temperature.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2005

Evolution of excitons via biexcitons to an electron-hole plasma without level crossing between band edge and exciton in a quantum wire

A recent single quantum wire is of sufficient quality to reveal new details of the photoluminescence (PL) evolution with increasing electron--hole (e--h) pair density. At a pair density of 3.6 $\times$ 10$^{3}$ cm$^{-1}$, the PL is characteristic of biexcitons shifted below the exciton peak by the 2.8-meV biexciton binding. At the pair density of 1.2 $\times$ 10$^{5}$ cm$^{-1}$, the biexciton peak broadens without energy shift to an e--h plasma. At all pair densities up to 30 K, neither the exciton peak nor the one-dimensional (1D) continuum edge shows any shift. In contrast to prevailing theories, the low-energy edge of the plasma PL line never crosses the exciton peak and never makes contact with the 1D e--h continuum.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗