arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Tetsushi Ito.
We give a complete recipe for constructing extremal van der Geer--van der Vlugt curves over finite fields of odd characteristic. The input data consist of a nonzero element of the base field together with a linear subspace satisfying a certain trace condition. This construction may be viewed as an odd-characteristic analogue of the one previously obtained by the authors in characteristic two.
In our previous work, we gave a formula for the Frobenius eigenvalues of van der Geer--van der Vlugt curves in characteristic 2 by considering suitable quotients of the curve. Although the formula is explicit, it depends on many choices, which makes the formula complicated. In this article, we take a different approach using a factorization of additive polynomials, and prove a new formula. The resulting formula is simpler and is useful for explicit computations. As applications, we provide a method for constructing maximal and minimal van der Geer--van der Vlugt curves, and show that every such curve arises from this construction. We also compute various examples of van der Geer--van der Vlugt curves and study their periods.
The van der Geer--van der Vlugt curves form a class of Artin--Schreier coverings of the projective line over finite fields. We provide an explicit formula for their $L$-polynomials in characteristic $2$, expressed in terms of characters of maximal abelian subgroups of associated Heisenberg groups. For this purpose, we develop new methods specific to characteristic $2$ that exploit the structure of the Heisenberg groups and the geometry of Lang torsors for $W_2$. As an application, we construct examples of curves in this family attaining the Hasse--Weil bound.
We study prime Fano threefolds of genus 12 ($V_{22}$-varieties) with positive-dimensional automorphism groups in positive and mixed characteristic. We classify such varieties over any perfect field. In particular, we prove that $V_{22}$-varieties of Mukai-Umemura type over $k$ exist if and only if $\mathrm{char}\ k \neq 2$, $5$. We also prove the same result for $\mathbb{G}_a$-type. As arithmetic applications, we show that the Shafarevich conjecture holds for $V_{22}$-varieties of Mukai-Umemura type and of $\mathbb{G}_m$-type, while it fails for $V_{22}$-varieties of $\mathbb{G}_a$-type. Moreover, we prove that there exists $V_{22}$-varieties over $\mathbb{Z}$, whereas there do not exist $V_{22}$-varieties over $\mathbb{Z}$ whose generic fiber has a positive-dimensional automorphism group.
We study exponential sums on Witt vectors, known as Gauss--Heilbronn sums, and the curves whose Frobenius traces realize these sums via a Deligne--Lusztig type construction. For 3-typical Witt vectors of length two, we analyze Gauss--Heilbronn sums, from which we fully determine the Frobenius slopes of the associated curves.
We show that smooth quintic del Pezzo threefolds over arbitrary base schemes are classified by non-degenerate ternary symmetric bilinear forms. Then we describe the automorphism group schemes, the Hilbert schemes of lines and the orbit structures of quintic del Pezzo threefolds, and we find several new phenomena in characteristic two. As arithmetic applications, we prove a refinement of the Shafarevich conjecture, and prove that there are exactly two isomorphism classes of quintic del Pezzo threefolds over the ring of rational integers.
We study arithmetic finiteness of prime Fano threefolds of genus 7 and their higher dimensional generalization, called Mukai varieties of genus 7. For prime Fano threefolds of genus 7, we provide an arithmetic refinement of the Torelli theorem, obtain Shafarevich-type finiteness results, and show the failure of the Néron--Ogg--Shafarevich criterion of good reduction. For Mukai varieties of genus 7, we prove that Shafarevich-type finiteness results hold in dimensions 9 and 10, but fail in dimension 6. In addition, we show that Mukai $n$-folds of genus 7 over $\mathbb{Z}$ do not exist for $n \leq 4$, whereas they exist for $5 \leq n \leq 10$.
In this paper, we study the $p$-adic and $\ell$-adic monodromy operators associated with hyper-Kähler varieties over $p$-adic fields, in connection with Looijenga-Lunts-Verbitsky Lie algebras. We investigate a conjectural relation between the nilpotency indices of these monodromy operators on higher-degree cohomology groups and on the second cohomology, which may be viewed as an arithmetic analogue of Nagai's conjecture for degenerations of hyper-Kähler manifolds over a disk. We verify this arithmetic version of Nagai's conjecture for hyper-Kähler varieties over $p$-adic fields, assuming they belong to one of the four known deformation types. As part of our approach, we introduce a new method to analyze the $p$-adic cohomology of hyper-Kähler varieties via Sen's theory.
We study an integer sequence associated with Cantor's division polynomials of a genus 2 curve having an integral point. We show that the reduction modulo $p$ of such a sequence is periodic for all but finitely many primes $p$, and describe the relation between the period of the reduction modulo $p$ of the sequence and the order of the integral point on the reduction modulo $p$ in the Jacobian variety explicitly. This generalizes Ward's results on elliptic divisibility sequences associated with division polynomials of elliptic curves.
The van der Geer-van der Vlugt curves are Artin-Schreier coverings of the affine line defined by linearized polynomials over finite fields. We give several criteria for them to be maximal or minimal, i.e. attaining the upper or lower bound in the Hasse-Weil inequalities. We also study the $L$-polynomials of certain generalizations of van der Geer-van der Vlugt curves. As applications, we find several maximal (or minimal) curves among them. Our proof is based on an explicit formula of $L$-polynomials recently obtained by Takeuchi and the third author.
We study the finiteness of low degree points on certain modular curves and their Atkin--Lehner quotients, and, as an application, prove the modularity of elliptic curves over all but finitely many totally real fields of degree $5$. On the way, we prove a criterion for the finiteness of rational points of degree $5$ on a curve of large genus over a number field using the results of Abramovich--Harris and Faltings on subvarieties of Jacobians.
As an application of our previous work on CM liftings of K3 surfaces and the Tate conjecture, we prove the Hodge standard conjecture for squares of K3 surfaces. We also deduce the Hodge standard conjecture for all the powers of certain K3 surfaces.
We study a variant of the Hasse principle for finite Galois modules, allowing exceptional sets of positive density. For a Galois module whose underlying abelian group is isomorphic to $\mathbb{F}_p^{\oplus r}$ ($r \leq 2$), we show that the product of the restriction maps for places in a set of places $S$ is injective if the Dirichlet density of $S$ is strictly larger than $1 - p^{-r}$. We give applications to the local-global divisibility problem for elliptic curves and the Hasse principle for flexes on plane cubic curves.
We study the arithmetic of the twist of the Fermat quartic defined by $X^4 + Y^4 + Z^4 = 0$ which has no $\mathbb{Q}$-rational point. We calculate the Mordell--Weil group of the Jacobian variety explicilty. We show that the degree $0$ part of the Picard group is a free $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$-module of rank $2$, whereas the Mordell--Weil group is a free $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$-module of rank $3$. Thus the relative Brauer group is non-trivial. We also show that this quartic violates the local-global property for linear determinantal representations.
We study the arithmetic of bitangents of smooth quartics over global fields. With the aid of computer algebra systems and using Elsenhans--Jahnel's results on the inverse Galois problem for bitangents, we show that, over any global field of characteristic different from $2$, there exist smooth quartics which have bitangents over every local field, but do not have bitangents over the global field. We give an algorithm to find such quartics explicitly, and give an example over $\mathbb{Q}$. We also discuss a similar problem concerning symmetric determinantal representations. This paper is a summary of the first author's talk at the JSIAM JANT workshop on algorithmic number theory in March 2019. Details will appear elsewhere.
We study deformations of rational curves and their singularities in positive characteristic. We use this to prove that if a smooth and proper surface in positive characteristic $p$ is dominated by a family of rational curves such that one member has all $δ$-invariants (resp. Jacobian numbers) strictly less than $(p-1)/2$ (resp. $p$), then the surface has negative Kodaira dimension. We also prove similar, but weaker results hold for higher dimensional varieties. Moreover, we show by example that our result is in some sense optimal. On our way, we obtain a sufficient criterion in terms of Jacobian numbers for the normalization of a curve over an imperfect field to be smooth.
We use explicit methods to study the 4-torsion points on the Jacobian variety of the Fermat quartic. With the aid of computer algebra systems, we explicitly give a basis of the group of 4-torsion points. We calculate the Galois action, and show that the image of the mod 4 Galois representation is isomorphic to the dihedral group of order 8. As applications, we calculate the Mordell-Weil group of the Jacobian variety of the Fermat quartic over each subfield of the 8-th cyclotomic field. We determine all of the points on the Fermat quartic defined over quadratic extensions of the 8-th cyclotomic field. Thus we complete Faddeev's work in 1960.
We give two algorithms to compute linear determinantal representations of smooth plane curves of any degree over any field. As particular examples, we explicitly give representatives of all equivalence classes of linear determinantal representations of two special quartics over the field $\mathbb{Q}$ of rational numbers, the Klein quartic and the Fermat quartic. This paper is a summary of third author's talk at the JSIAM JANT workshop on algorithmic number theory in March 2018. Details will appear elsewhere.