arXiv subjects

Thomas Greber

Publications and source records attributed to Thomas Greber.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2010

Corrugated single layer templates for molecules: From h-BN Nanomesh to Graphene based Quantum dot arrays

Functional nano-templates enable self-assembly of otherwise impossible arrangements of molecules. A particular class of such templates is that of sp2 hybridized single layers of hexagonal boron nitride or carbon (graphene) on metal supports. If the substrate and the single layer have a lattice mismatch, superstructures are formed. On substrates like rhodium or ruthenium these superstructures have unit cells with ~3 nm lattice constant. They are corrugated and contain sub-units, which behave like traps for molecules or quantum dots, which are small enough to become operational at room temperature. For graphene on Rh(111) we emphasize a new structural element of small extra hills within the corrugation landscape. For the case of molecules like water it is shown that new phases assemble on such templates, and that they can be used as "nano-laboratories" where many individual processes are studied in parallel. Furthermore, it is shown that the h-BN/Rh(111) nanomesh displays a strong scanning tunneling microscopy induced luminescence contrast within the 3 nm unit cell which is a way to address trapped molecules and/or quantum dots.

physics.atm-clus↗

arXiv2010

Laser-induced Field Emission from Tungsten Tip: Optical Control of Emission Sites and Emission Process

Field-emission patterns from a clean tungsten tip apex induced by femtosecond laser pulses have been investigated. Strongly asymmetric field-emission intensity distributions are observed depending on three parameters: (1) the polarization of the light, (2) the azimuthal and (3) the polar orientation of the tip apex relative to the laser incidence direction. In effect, we have realized an ultrafast pulsed field-emission source with site selectivity of a few tens of nanometers. Simulations of local fields on the tip apex and of electron emission patterns based on photo-excited nonequilibrium electron distributions explain our observations quantitatively. Electron emission processes are found to depend on laser power and tip voltage. At relatively low laser power and high tip voltage, field-emission after two-photon photo-excitation is the dominant process. At relatively low laser power and low tip voltage, photoemission processes are dominant. As the laser power increases, photoemission from the tip shank becomes noticeable.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2009

Optical Control of Field-Emission Sites by Femtosecond Laser Pulses

We have investigated field emission patterns from a clean tungsten tip apex induced by femtosecond laser pulses. Strongly asymmetric modulations of the field emission intensity distributions are observed depending on the polarization of the light and the laser incidence direction relative to the azimuthal orientation of tip apex. In effect, we have realized an ultrafast pulsed field-emission source with site selectivity on the 10 nm scale. Simulations of local fields on the tip apex and of electron emission patterns based on photo-excited nonequilibrium electron distributions explain our observations quantitatively.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2009

Boron Nitride Nanomesh: A template for Nano-ice

Using variable temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and dI/dz barrier height spectroscopy, the structure of water on h-BN/Rh(111) nanomesh has been investigated. Below its desorption temperature, two distinct phases of water self-assemble within the 3.2 nm unit cell of the nanomesh. In the 2 nm holes, an ordered phase of nano-ice crystals with about 40 molecules is found. The ice crystals arrange in a bilayer honeycomb lattice, where the hydrogen atoms of the lower layer point to the substrate. The phase on the 1 nm wires, is a low density gas phase, which is characterized by contrast modulations and streaky noise in the STM images. Tunneling barrier measurements infer the proton positions in the nano-ice clusters.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2009

Graphene and Boron Nitride Single Layers

This Chapter deals with single layers of carbon (graphene) and hexagonal boron nitride on transition metal surfaces. The transition metal substrates take the role of the support and allow due to their catalytic activity the growth of perfect layers by means of chemical vapor deposition. The layers are sp2 hybridized honeycomb networks with strong in plane sigma and weaker pi bonds to the substrate and to the adsorbates. This hierarchy in bond strength causes anisotropic elastic properties, where the sp2 layers are stiff in plane and soft out of plane. A corrugation of these layers imposes a third hierarchy level in bond energies, with lateral bonding to molecular objects with sizes between 1 and 5 nanometer. This extra bond energies are in the range of thermal energies kT at room temperature and are particularly interesting for nanotechnology. The concomitant template function will be discussed. The peculiar bond hierarchy also imposes intercalation as another property of sp2 layer systems. Last but not least sp2 layer systems are particularly robust, i.e. survive immersion into liquids, which is a promise for sp2 layers being useful outside ultra high vacuum. The Chapter shortly recalls the synthesis, describes the atomic and electronic structure, is followed by a discussion of properties like intercalation and the use of sp2 layers on metals as tunneling junctions or as templates. The Chapter ends with an Appendix that summarizes the basics of atomic and electronic structure of honeycomb lattices. Of course the Chapter does not cover all aspects of sp2 single layers. Topics like free standing layers, edge structures of ribbons, topological defects, or mechanical and chemical properties were not covered.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2008

Is graphene on Ru(0001) a nanomesh?

The electronic structure of a single layer graphene on Ru(0001) is compared with that of a single layer hexagonal boron nitride nanomesh on Ru(0001). Both are corrugated sp2 networks and display a pi-band gap at the K point of their 1 x 1 Brillouin zone. Graphene has a distinct Fermi surface which indicates that 0.1 electrons are transferred per 1 x 1 unit cell. Photoemission from adsorbed xenon identifies two distinct Xe 5p1/2 lines, separated by 240 meV, which reveals a corrugated electrostatic potential energy surface. These two Xe species are related to the topography of the system and have different desorption energies.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2006

Intergalactic spaceflight: an uncommon way to relativistic kinematics and dynamics

In the Special Theory of Relativity space and time intervals are different in different frames of reference. As a consequence, the quantity 'velocity' of classical mechanics splits into different quantities in Special Relativity, coordinate velocity, proper velocity and rapidity. The introduction and clear distinction of these quantities provides a basis to introduce the kinematics of uniform and accelerated motion in an elementary and intuitive way. Furthermore, rapidity links kinematics to dynamics and provides a rigorous way to derive Newtons Second Law in the relativistic version. Although the covariant tensorial notation of relativity is a powerful tool for dealing with relativistic problems, its mathematical difficulties may obscure the physical background of relativity for undergraduate students. Proper velocity and proper acceleration are the spatial components of the relativistic velocity and acceleration vectors, and thus, they provide a possibility to introduce and justify the vectorial notation of spacetime. The use of the three different quantities describing 'velocity' is applied to discuss the problems arising in a thought experiment of a relativistic spaceflight.

physics.ed-ph↗