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Thomas P. Sotiriou

Publications and source records attributed to Thomas P. Sotiriou.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
arXiv2009

Over-spinning a black hole with a test body

It has long been known that a maximally spinning black hole can not be over-spun by tossing in a test body. Here we show that if instead the black hole starts out with below maximal spin, then indeed over-spinning can be achieved when adding either orbital or spin angular momentum. We find that requirements on the size and internal structure of the test body can be met as well. Our analysis neglects radiative and self-force effects,which may prevent the over-spinning.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2009

f(R) gravity, torsion and non-metricity

For both f(R) theories of gravity with an independent symmetric connection (no torsion), usually referred to as Palatini f(R) gravity theories, and for f(R) theories of gravity with torsion but no non-metricity, called U4 theories, it has been shown that the independent connection can actually be eliminated algebraically, as long as this connection does not couple to matter. Remarkably, the outcome in both case is the same theory, which is dynamically equivalent with an ω_0=-3/2 Brans--Dicke theory. It is shown here that even for the most general case of an independent connection with both non-metricity and torsion one arrives at exactly the same theory as in the more restricted cases. This generalizes the previous results and explains why assuming that either the torsion or the the non-metricity vanishes ultimately leads to the same theory. It also demonstrates that f(R) actions cannot support an independent connection which carries dynamical degrees of freedom, irrespectively of how general this connection is, at least as long as there is no connection-matter coupling.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2009

Phenomenologically viable Lorentz-violating quantum gravity

Horava's "Lifschitz point gravity" has many desirable features, but in its original incarnation one is forced to accept a non-zero cosmological constant of the wrong sign to be compatible with observation. We develop an extension of Horava's model that abandons "detailed balance", and in 3+1 dimensions exhibit all five marginal (renormalizable) and four relevant (super-renormalizable) operators, as determined by power counting. We also consider the classical limit of this theory, evaluate the Hamiltonian and super-momentum constraints, and extract the classical equations of motion in a form similar to the ADM formulation of general relativity. This puts the model in a framework amenable to developing detailed precision tests.

hep-th↗
arXiv2009

String dynamics and ejection along the axis of a spinning black hole

Relativistic current carrying strings moving axisymmetrically on the background of a Kerr black hole are studied. The boundaries and possible types of motion of a string with a given energy and current are found. Regions of parameters for which the string falls into the black hole, or is trapped in a toroidal volume, or can escape to infinity, are identified, and representative trajectories are examined by numerical integration, illustrating various interesting behaviors. In particular, we find that a string can start out at rest near the equatorial plane and, after bouncing around, be ejected out along the axis, some of its internal (elastic or rotational kinetic) energy having been transformed into translational kinetic energy. The resulting velocity can be an order unity fraction of the speed of light. This process results from the presence of an outer tension barrier and an inner angular momentum barrier that are deformed by the gravitational field. We speculatively discuss the possible astrophysical significance of this mechanism as a means of launching a collimated jet of MHD plasma flux tubes along the spin axis of a gravitating system fed by an accretion disk.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2009

Covariant Effective Action for Loop Quantum Cosmology from Order Reduction

Loop quantum cosmology (LQC) seems to be predicting modified effective Friedmann equations without extra degrees of freedom. A puzzle arises if one decides to seek for a covariant effective action which would lead to the given Friedmann equation: The Einstein--Hilbert action is the only action that leads to second order field equations and, hence, there exists no covariant action which, under metric variation, leads to modified Friedmann equation without extra degrees of freedom. It is shown that, at least for isotropic models in LQC, this issue is naturally resolved and a covariant effective action can be found if one considers higher order theories of gravity but faithfully follows effective field theory techniques. However, our analysis also raises doubts on whether a covariant description without background structures can be found for anisotropic models.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2008

6+1 lessons from f(R) gravity

There has been a recent stimulus in the study of alternative theories of gravity lately, mostly triggered from combined motivation coming from cosmology/astrophysics and high energy physics. Among the proposed theories, one that has attracted much attention is f(R) gravity. It is certainly debatable whether such a simplistic modification of General Relativity can constitute a viable alternative theory of gravitation. However, it is quite straightforward to see the merits of such a theory when viewed as a toy theory whose role is to help us understand the implications and difficulties of beyond-Einstein gravity. Under this perspective, I review some of the main lessons we seem to have learned from the study of f(R) gravity in the recent past.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2008

Modified gravity with R-matter couplings and (non-)geodesic motion

We consider alternative theories of gravity with a direct coupling between matter and the Ricci scalar We study the relation between these theories and ordinary scalar-tensor gravity, or scalar-tensor theories which include non-standard couplings between the scalar and matter. We then analyze the motion of matter in such theories, its implications for the Equivalence Principle, and the recent claim that they can alleviate the dark matter problem in galaxies.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2008

The viability of theories with matter coupled to the Ricci scalar

Recently there has been a proposal for modified gravitational f(R) actions which include a direct coupling between the matter action and the Ricci scalar, R. Of particular interest is the specific case where both the action and the coupling are linear in R. It is shown that such an action leads to a theory of gravity which includes higher order derivatives of the matter fields without introducing more dynamics in the gravity sector and, therefore, cannot be a viable theory for gravitation.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2008

Polytropic spheres in Palatini f(R) gravity

We examine static spherically symmetric polytropic spheres in Palatini f(R) gravity and show that no regular solutions to the field equations exist for physically relevant cases such as a monatomic isentropic gas or a degenerate electron gas, thus casting doubt on the validity of Palatini f(R) gravity as an alternative to General Relativity.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2008

A no-go theorem for polytropic spheres in Palatini f(R) gravity

Non-vacuum static spherically-symmetric solutions in Palatini f(R) gravity are examined. It is shown that for generic choices of f(R), there are commonly-used equations of state for which no satisfactory physical solution of the field equations can be found within this framework, apart from in the special case of General Relativity, casting doubt on whether Palatini f(R) gravity can be considered as giving viable alternatives to General Relativity.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2007

Modified Actions for Gravity: Theory and Phenomenology

This thesis is devoted to the study of gravitational theories which can be seen as modifications or generalisations of General Relativity. The motivation for considering such theories, stemming from Cosmology, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics is thoroughly discussed (cosmological problems, dark energy and dark matter problems, the lack of success so far in obtaining a successful formulation for Quantum Gravity). The basic principles which a gravitational theory should follow, and their geometrical interpretation, are analysed in a broad perspective which highlights the basic assumptions of General Relativity and suggests possible modifications which might be made. A number of such possible modifications are presented, focusing on certain specific classes of theories: scalar-tensor theories, metric f(R) theories, Palatini f(R) theories, metric-affine f(R) theories and Gauss--Bonnet theories. The characteristics of these theories are fully explored and attention is payed to issues of dynamical equivalence between them. Also, cosmological phenomenology within the realm of each of the theories is discussed and it is shown that they can potentially address the well-known cosmological problems. A number of viability criteria are presented: cosmological observations, Solar System tests, stability criteria, existence of exact solutions for common vacuum or matter configurations etc. Finally, future perspectives in the field of modified gravity are discussed and the possibility for going beyond a trial-and-error approach to modified gravity is explored.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2007

Post-Newtonian expansion for Gauss-Bonnet Gravity

The Parametrized Post-Newtonian expansion of gravitational theories with a scalar field coupled to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant is performed and confrontation of such theories with Solar system experiments is discussed.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2007

Metric-affine f(R) theories of gravity

General Relativity assumes that spacetime is fully described by the metric alone. An alternative is the so called Palatini formalism where the metric and the connections are taken as independent quantities. The metric-affine theory of gravity has attracted considerable attention recently, since it was shown that within this framework some cosmological models, based on some generalized gravitational actions, can account for the current accelerated expansion of the universe. However we think that metric-affine gravity deserves much more attention than that related to cosmological applications and so we consider here metric-affine gravity theories in which the gravitational action is a general function of the scalar curvature while the matter action is allowed to depend also on the connection which is not {\em a priori} symmetric. This general treatment will allow us to address several open issues such as: the relation between metric-affine $f(R)$ gravity and General Relativity (in vacuum as well as in the presence of matter), the implications of the dependence (or independence) of the matter action on the connections, the origin and role of torsion and the viability of the minimal-coupling principle.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2007

Curvature scalar instability in f(R) gravity

An instability in the presence of matter in theories of gravity which include a 1/R correction in the gravitational action has been found by Dolgov and Kawasaki. In the present paper this instability is discussed for f(R) gravity in general. We focus on the Palatini formalism of the theory and it is shown that no such instability occurs in this version of f(R) gravity. The reasons for the appearance of the instability in the metric but not in the Palatini formalism are fully investigated.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2006

The significance of matter coupling in f(R) gravity

The way one chooses to couple gravity to matter is an essential characteristic of any gravitational theory. In theories where the gravitational field is allowed to have more degrees of freedom than those of General Relativity (e.g. scalar-tensor theory, f(R) gravity) this issue often becomes even more important. We concentrate here on f(R) gravity treated within the Palatini variational principle and discuss how the coupling between matter and the extra degrees of freedom of gravity (the independent connections in our case) affects not only the resulting phenomenology but even the geometrical meaning of fundamental fields.

gr-qc↗
arXiv2006

Multipole moments as a tool to infer from gravitational waves the geometry around an axisymmetric body

A binary system, composed of a compact object orbiting around a massive central body, will emit gravitational waves which will depend on the central body's spacetime geometry. We expect that the gravitational wave observables will somehow ``encode'' the information about the spacetime structure. On the other hand, it has been known for some time that the geometry around an axisymmetric body can be described by its (Geroch-Hansen) multipole moments. Therefore one can speculate that using the multipole moments can prove to be a helpful tool for extracting this information. We will try to demonstrate this in this talk, following the procedure described by [F. D. Ryan, Phys. Rev. D {\bf 52} 5707 (1995)] and [T. P. Sotiriou and T. A. Apostolatos, Phys. Rev. D {\bf 71} 044005 (2005)].

gr-qc↗