A finite theorem for Ahlfors' covering surface theory
Ahlfors' theory of covering surfaces is one of the major mathematical achievement of last century. The most important part of his theory is the Second Fundamental Theorem (SFT). We are interested in the relation of errors of Ahlfors' SFT with the same boundary curve. In this paper we will prove a result which is used to establish the best bound of the constant in Ahlfors' SFT in arXiv.2307.04623. Precisely speaking, we will prove that for any surface $Σ\in\mathcal{F}_r(L,m)$, a new surface $Σ_1$ can be constructed based on it, such that $R(Σ_1)\ge R(Σ)$ and $L(\partialΣ_1)\le L(\partialΣ)$, where $R(Σ)$ is Ahlfors' error term and $L(\partialΣ)$ is the boundary length of the surface $Σ$, and the covering degree of $Σ_1$ has an upper bound independent of surfaces. Meanwhile, this conclusion suggests that the supremum of $H(Σ)=R(Σ)/L(\partialΣ)$ can be achieved by surfaces in the space $\mathcal{F}_r'(L,m)$.