arXiv subjects

Tianjun Li

Publications and source records attributed to Tianjun Li.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric Pati-Salam models with extra $SU(2)_{L_2/R_2}$ gauge symmetry from intersecting D6-branes

By introducing an extra stack of D6-branes to standard ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric Pati-Salam models, we extend the landscape of its complete search. In this construction, the $d$-stack of D6-branes is introduced besides the standard $a,~b,~c$-stacks. More intersections from the extra stacks of D6-branes appear, and thus Higgs/Higgs-like particles arise from more origins. Among these models, we find eight new classes of ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric Pati-Salam models with gauge symmetries $SU(4)_C\times SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_{R_1}\times SU(2)_{R_2}$ and $SU(4)_C\times SU(2)_{L_1}\times SU(2)_{R}\times SU(2)_{L_2}$, where $d$-stack of D6-branes carries the gauge symmetries $SU(2)_{R_2}$ and $SU(2)_{L_2}$, respectively. The $SU(2)_{L_1/R_1} \times SU(2)_{L_2/R_2}$ can be broken down to the diagonal $SU(2)_{L/R}$ gauge symmetry via bifundamental Higgs fields. In such a way, we for the first time successfully constructed three-family supersymmetric Pati-Salam models from non-rigid D6-branes with extra $d$-stacks of D6-branes as visible sectors. Interestingly, by introducing extra stack of D6-branes to the standard supersymmetric Pati-Salam models, the number of filler brane reduces in general, and eventually the models without any $USp(N)$ gauge symmetry present. This reduces the exotic particles from filler brane intersection yet provides more vector-like particles from ${\cal N}=2$ subsector that are useful in renormalization group equation evolution as an advantage. Moreover, interesting degeneracy behavior with the same gauge coupling ratio exists in certain class of models.

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arXiv2026

Exploring the Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories with Gauge Mediation at the Future Proton-Proton Colliders and Hyper-Kamiokande Experiment

As a continuation of our previous work, with the grand desert hypothesis, we prove that we can probe the Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) with gauge meidation at the future proton-proton collider and Hyper-Kamiokande experiment. For the GUT scale $M_{\rm GUT}$ less than or equal to $0.84\times10^{16}$~GeV, the proton lifetime for dimension-six proton decay via heavy gauge boson exchange is less than or around $5\times10^{34}$ years, and thus we can probe it at the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment. For $ M_{\rm GUT} \ge 0.84 \times 10^{16}$ GeV, the lightest neutralino is the Next to the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (NLSP), as well as the upper mass bounds on the gluino and first two generation squarks are 8.64 TeV and 11.82 TeV, respectively. Therefore, the gluino and first two generation squarks can be probed at the future 100 TeV proton-proton collider such as ${\rm FCC}_{\rm hh}$ and SppC. Moreover, we discuss the mass spectra for the colored sparticles, sleptons, pseudo-scalar Higgs and electroweakinos. If the sparticles were discovered, it might give us hint on the messenger scale, the effective supersymmetry breaking scale, and the renormalization group evolution of the supersymmetry breaking soft terms.

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arXiv2026

Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Boson Motion from Thermal Thresholds

Coherent motion of light scalar fields in the early Universe is typically attributed to an initial displacement, a primordial velocity, or a prescribed temperature-dependent potential. We identify a distinct microscopic mechanism in which differential thermal evolution of multiple non-aligned symmetry-breaking sources rotates the effective vacuum direction of a pseudo-Nambu--Goldstone boson (pNGB), driving motion from an initially stationary minimum. The mechanism is realized in the Majoron sector of a Type-I seesaw mechanism, where heavy neutrinos with separated thermal thresholds supply the required differential thermal evolution. For a representative benchmark, the thermal source direction rotates by $|Δθ_T|\simeq0.76$~rad and drives the Majoron to a peak velocity $|\dotθ|/H\simeq0.62$, while the field tracks the moving minimum to sub-milliradian accuracy. This establishes a microscopic finite-temperature origin for pNGB motion, with implications for spontaneous leptogenesis and, more generally, for any system with multiple non-aligned symmetry-breaking sources that evolve differently with temperature.

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arXiv2026

The compressed bino--wino dark matter in the GmSUGRA and the LHC soft-lepton searches

The search for electroweak supersymmetric particles remains an important part of the LHC program since neutralinos and charginos with masses around a few hundred GeV are still compatible with the present constraints in compressed spectra. Run-2 searches for the ``golden channel'', $pp\to\widetildeχ_2^0\widetildeχ_1^\pm\to\widetildeχ_1^0 Z^{(*)}\widetildeχ_1^0 W^{\pm(*)}$, have reported mild excesses in parts of the soft two- and three-lepton data, with the corresponding simplified-model interpretations emphasizing $m_{\widetildeχ_2^0}\simeq m_{\widetildeχ_1^\pm}\gtrsim200$~GeV and a neutralino mass difference near $20$~GeV. We study this configuration in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with the Generalized minimal Supergravity (GmSUGRA) boundary conditions, imposing the Higgs, flavor, collider, relic-density and direct-detection constraints relevant to the spectrum. For both signs of $μ$, the solutions compatible with the Planck experiment contain an almost pure bino $\widetildeχ_1^0$ with mass about $260$--$266$~GeV and a nearly degenerate wino-like $\widetildeχ_2^0/\widetildeχ_1^\pm$ pair near $280$~GeV. The resulting splitting, $Δm_{21}\simeq18.5$--$19.1$~GeV, lies in the mass-difference region probed by the ATLAS and CMS soft-lepton searches and places the $Z^{(*)}/W^{(*)}$ decays below the on-shell gauge-boson thresholds. The same compressed hierarchy keeps the wino states thermally populated during freeze-out, so bino-wino coannihilation yields a neutralino relic abundance consistent with the Planck experiment while the surviving solutions remain compatible with the direct-detection experimental bounds. Thus, the GmSUGRA boundary conditions provide a high-scale realization of the compressed bino-wino spectrum relevant to the LHC soft-lepton channel.

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arXiv2026

Thermal Higgsino Dark Matter in GmSUGRA for the LZ Event and Solar-Neutrino Constraint

We study the thermal Higgsino dark matter in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) with Generalized Minimal Supergravity (GmSUGRA) boundary conditions after the high-recoil event reported by the LUX--ZEPLIN experiment and the subsequent solar-neutrino limits inferred from IceCube data. The Higgs sector is implemented in a NUHM2-type parametrization with $μ$ and $m_A$ as inputs, while the supersymmetry breaking soft terms obey the non-universal GmSUGRA relations. The numerical scan contains a Planck-compatible Higgsino branch near the thermal mass, with the neutral-state splitting extending continuously from the few-hundred-keV region to the MeV scale. The part of this branch with $\dmchi\simeq0.3$--$0.4$ MeV overlaps the kinematic interval relevant to the LZ event, but is disfavored by the current solar-capture reinterpretations for a full-density thermal Higgsino. The same high-scale branch persists at larger splittings, including representative spectra with $\dmchi\simeq0.85$, $1.10$, and $1.34$ MeV, beyond the quoted solar-capture limits. Our results demonstrate that the mass and sub-MeV splitting favored by the LZ high-recoil interpretation can be realized dynamically within a GUT-motivated supersymmetric construction, without imposing the neutralino compression as a weak-scale input. The combined data therefore select different parts of a common GmSUGRA Higgsino branch rather than excluding the thermal Higgsino construction itself.

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arXiv2026

Inverse seesaw and inflation in a supersymmetric 331 model from $SU(6)$

We propose a $N=1$ supersymmetric $SU(6)$ theory with an intermediate $(SU(3)_C\times SU(3)_L\times U(1)_X)$ phase, in which common fields and operators relate the neutrinos, gauge mediation, unification, and symmetry-breaking sectors. The inverse-seesaw Dirac matrix is antisymmetric and thus has rank two, leaving one massless neutrino at leading order. The leading symmetry-allowed correction lifts this zero mode through its projection onto the left and right null vectors of the Dirac matrix, resulting in a quartic suppression by the ratio of the intermediate and ultraviolet scales. The complete unified messenger multiplets preserve the relative one-loop gauge-coupling crossing, while the supersymmetry-breaking spurion entering the messenger sector also determines the scale of lepton-number violation. The coupling governing (331) breaking fixes both the inflationary normalization and the radial mass in the broken vacuum. For the conditional heavy spectrum adopted in the threshold calculations, the gauge couplings remain perturbative. The physical scalar directions transverse to the inflaton are stable within the neutral $((Φ,\barΦ,S))$ subspace. These results provide the analytical scale relations among the inverse seesaw, messenger sector, unified gauge evolution, and inflation, while keeping the assumptions associated with the ultraviolet Higgs and heavy-threshold sectors explicitly.

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arXiv2026

Penumbral Inflation from Calabi-Yau Boundaries

Mapping Calabi-Yau geometry to early Universe cosmology remains a primary goal in string phenomenology. We present an inflationary mechanism where flux stationarity shifts the field dynamics, driving inflation along the volume-controlling saxion direction near a Hodge boundary. In this region, the internal geometry strictly dictates the scalar potential. This setup stabilizes the field against heavy moduli corrections without consuming extra flux tadpoles. As a result, the properties of the geometric boundary translate directly into primordial tensor perturbations, creating a clear physical link from string compactifications to measurable data. The resulting geometric predictions match current cosmic microwave background limits and provide specific, testable targets for upcoming LiteBIRD and CMB-S4 observations.

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arXiv2026

Excluding Local Hidden Variables in $Λ\barΛ$ Production: The Incompatibility with Angular-Momentum Conservation and CPT Invariance

We analyze spin entanglement in $Λ\barΛ$ pairs produced in the decays of spin-zero particles, contrasting predictions from quantum field theory (QFT) with those of local hidden-variable theories (LHVTs). Using the self-analyzing weak decays $Λ\to pπ^-$ and $\barΛ \to \bar{p}π^+$, we derive the joint angular distributions within QFT. Our key findings are: For scalar production $h \to Λ\barΛ$, no LHVT respecting locality and angular-momentum conservation can reproduce the QFT distribution. For pseudoscalar production $a \to Λ\barΛ$, a CPT-symmetric LHVT is excluded by positivity constraints given the measured analyzing powers; however, if CPT symmetry is relaxed, an explicit LHVT construction -- with uniform hidden-variable measure and response functions satisfying $b_1 c_1 = 3α_Λα_{\barΛ}$ -- can match the QFT result. For the most general spin-zero decay $s\to Λ\barΛ$ with arbitrary scalar-pseudoscalar mixing, we, under CPT invariance, identify the regions of parameter space where the QFT joint angular distribution does or does not admit an LHVT realization. These distinct signatures provide clear, experimentally testable criteria to discriminate between QFT and LHVT in $Λ\barΛ$ systems across different production mechanisms.

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arXiv2026

Non-Minimal Dilaton Inflation from the Effective Gluodynamics

We develop a nonminimal dilaton-inflation model in which the inflaton is the lightest scalar excitation of a hidden confining gauge theory. The Migdal--Shifman anomaly-matching action fixes a logarithmic contribution to the scalar potential, $V_{\rm MS}=Aφ^4[\ln(φ/μ)-1/4]$, with $(A,μ)$ mapped to the scalar mass and vacuum condensate. Embedding this sector in the leading curved-space EFT introduces the independent Wilson coefficients $λ$ and $ξ$, and the resulting Einstein-frame dynamics yields a plateau with a calculable anomaly-induced deformation. We analyze the pure MS limit as a baseline, derive the $μ$--$λ$ reparametrization, state finite-window RG-control conditions, and impose both the nonminimal-gravity cutoff and the intrinsic confining-sector gap. Exact slow-roll scans show that the viable regime combines the usual large-$ξ$ attractor behavior with a logarithmic imprint tied directly to nonperturbative trace-anomaly matching.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2026

Bypassing Spin-Analyzing Power Dependence for Quantum Entanglement at Colliders: A Case Study of $Λ\barΛ$

We study, as a concrete case study using the $Λ(\to pπ^-)\barΛ(\to \bar{p}π^+)$ system, whether quantum entanglement in fermion pairs produced at colliders can be certified solely using angular information from final-state decays, while remaining independent of the parity-violating decay parameters $α_Λ$ and $α_{\barΛ}$. Building on a general decomposition of any angular observable in terms of Wigner d-functions, we show that the expectation value must take the form $\mathcal{O}_0+\mathcal{O}_1α_Λ+\mathcal{O}_2α_{\barΛ}+\mathcal{O}_3α_Λα_{\barΛ}$, with coefficients $\mathcal{O}_i$ ($i=0,1,2,3$) linear in the spin-density matrix elements $α_{k,j}α^*_{m,n}$. We obtain the value ranges of observables over the general and separable spaces of $α_{k,j}$, and demonstrate a sufficient entanglement condition for pure states, extending it to mixed states by convexity. In constructing an $α_Λ$- and $α_{\barΛ}$-independent witness from angular observables alone, we find that there are obstacles to probe quantum entanglement via the inequality-type and ratio-type ways. In particular, for the ratio-type criterion ${\langle A\rangle}/{\langle B\rangle}$, the presence of zeros of $\langle B\rangle$ in both the general and separable spaces of $α_{k,j}(k,j=\pm\frac{1}{2})$ results in identical value ranges of ${\langle A\rangle}/{\langle B\rangle}$ in the two spaces (covering the entire real line), thereby precluding any effective criterion. Finally, for this specific system, we present the successful constructions with additional spin information.

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arXiv2026

Light Neutralino Dark Matter in a Supersymmetric Pati-Salam Framework

We investigate the low-energy phenomenology of the MSSM arising from the supersymmetric $SU(4)_C \times SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R$ Pati-Salam framework, focusing on neutralino dark matter in bulk annihilation and Higgs/Z-funnel regions. Using a comprehensive parameter scan consistent with radiative electroweak symmetry breaking and a neutralino LSP, we analyze collider, flavor, and dark matter constraints for both signs of μ. To isolate genuine bulk annihilation from coannihilation, we impose the mass-splitting condition $\mathcal{R}_{\tildeϕ} \equiv (m_{\tildeϕ}-m_{\tildeχ_1^0})/m_{\tildeχ_1^0}\gtrsim 10\%$. We identify a viable bulk region with a bino-like LSP and a light right-handed stau NLSP. These solutions satisfy all experimental constraints, including LHC searches, flavor observables, and the Planck 2018 relic density, predicting upper bounds $m_{\tildeχ_1^0}\lesssim 110~{\rm GeV}$ and $m_{\tildeτ_1}\lesssim 120~{\rm GeV}$. This parameter space lies within the reach of future CEPC and FCC-ee colliders. We also analyze Higgs- and Z-funnel regions. Current direct-detection limits strongly constrain light Higgsino-assisted resonances for μ>0. Conversely, for μ<0, destructive interference in Higgs-mediated scattering suppresses the direct-detection cross section, allowing a viable Z-funnel region to survive below the projected LZ 1000-day sensitivity. These results highlight the negative-μ Pati-Salam framework as a predictive, testable scenario for upcoming dark matter and lepton collider experiments

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arXiv2026

Determining the Spin Density Matrix via Its Rank and Probing the Quantum Entanglement and Bell Non-Locality at the Lepton Colliders

Considering two-fermion $F_a F_b$ productions and decays via one scalar or photon exchange at the $e^+e^-$ collider, we show that the rank $r_ρ$ of spin density matrix $ρ$ is equal to the number of degrees of freedom of the mediator. For one generic scalar exchange, the spin density matrix is rank one for a pure state. With rank-one condition, we can determine the spin analyzing powers for $F_a$ and $F_b$ and their product if the CP symmetry is violated and conserved, respectively, and probe the CP violation. These results can be applied to the $η_c \to Λ{\bar Λ}$ at the BESIII experiment and the Higgs $\to ττ$ at the LHC. For one photon exchange, the spin density matrix is rank two for a mixed state. Considering the $Λ\bar Λ$ productions and decays at the BESIII experiment as an example, we show that the spin analyzing powers for $F_a$ and $ F_b$ can be determined by the rank-two conditions in details. Therefore, we can reconstruct the spin density matrices, probe the quantum entanglement and Bell non-locality, and evade the no-go theorem. Furthermore, we conjecture that the $N\times N$ spin density matrix with $r_ρ \le N-2 $ can be reconstructed at the lepton colliders in general.

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arXiv2026

Controlled Penumbral Inflation from Monodromic Valleys

Realizing controlled, single-clock inflation in string theory is fundamentally obstructed by the backreaction of heavy moduli. We show that in the \emph{penumbra} -- the near-boundary regime of complex-structure moduli space where asymptotic symmetries are partially broken -- this obstruction can be exactly quantified. We derive a covariant control theorem demonstrating that local branch data dictate whether a monodromic valley supports a controlled inflationary plateau, thereby isolating the first controlled penumbral inflationary window. The result turns the penumbra from a geometric regime into a dynamical filter. In the axion-saxion effective theory, a branch-displacing odd term generates a plateau when $Δ\equiv p+2ν-q>0$, while covariant single-clock control further requires $p<2$, or $p=2$ with $12A_pm^2/(dV_0)\gg1$ over the observational window. This splits penumbral valleys into no plateau, uncontrolled plateau, and controlled plateau before global completion is attempted. We identify a minimal analytic family with a closed-form valley and an invariant attractor equation for the full two-field dynamics, providing the first exactly solvable penumbral realization that remains predictive under the next penumbral order. The controlled corridor targets $r\sim10^{-3}$ with the correlated running $α_s\simeq-r/2$ for the $d=q=1$ benchmark, providing a falsifiable target for LiteBIRD/CMB-S4.

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arXiv2026

Determining the Spin-Analyzing Powers via Invariants of the Spin Correlation Matrices and Probing the Bell Non-Locality at the Lepton Colliders

We consider the two-fermion $F_a F_b$ productions and decays via one mediator exchange at the $e^+e^-$ collider. With the assumption that the spin is defined via the Lorentz symmetry, or considering the implicit symmetry in the spin density matrix, we prove that the trace ${\rm Tr} [C]$ of the spin correlation matrix $C$ is an invariant quantity, and is invariant under basis rotations. Thus, for the exchanges of one mediator such as scalar and gauge boson, we can determine the product of the spin-analyzing powers for $F_a F_b$ via ${\rm Tr} [C]$, and reconstruct the spin correlation matrix. With the CHSH-Horodecki criterion, we can probe the Bell non-locality, and evade the no-go theorem. To be concrete, we study the Bell non-locality for the $Λ\bar Λ$ productions and decays at the BESIII experiment. In addition, the invariant ${\rm Tr} [C]$ is a new physics observable to probe the new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) and study the SM precision measurements. Moreover, for the scalar exchanges, we discuss the general invariants of the spin correlation matrices and the related phenomenological consequences.

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arXiv2026

Three-Family Supersymmetric Pati-Salam Flux Models from Rigid D-Branes

Intersecting D-brane model building often suffer from the unstabilized open-string moduli, leading to the unwanted massless adjoint scalars. In our previous work arXiv:2505.03664, this issue was resolved by employing the rigid D6-branes on the $\mathbb{T}^6/(\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2^\prime)$ orientifold with discrete torsion, where fractional cycles eliminate all adjoint scalars. In this paper, we construct new three-family flux models in the Type IIB setup on $\mathbb{T}^6/(\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2)$, T-dual to the Type IIA rigid D6-brane construction with discrete torsion, by introducing the quantized background $G_3$ flux that stabilizes the closed-string complex structure moduli and axio-dilaton. The resulting Pati-Salam gauge symmetry can be spontaneously broken down to the Standard Model via a supersymmetry-preserving Higgs mechanism. All the consistency conditions, including $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetry, RR tadpole cancellation, and K-theory constraints, are satisfied. We present the complete particle spectra for these models and discuss how exotic states dynamically decouple through strong dynamics in the hidden sector.

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arXiv2026

Dilaton-Flattened Axion Inflation

We present a solvable same-sector effective theory for anomaly-inspired axion inflation, in which a heavy trace-anomaly mode dynamically backreacts on the axion potential. The tree-level elimination of the radial field resums the backreaction into a closed-form Lambert-$W$ potential, naturally flattening the hilltop potential without external plateau operators. By deriving the exact trough metric, we evaluate all the observables on the fully reduced one-field action, bypassing uncontrolled kinetic approximations. Calibrated at $N_\star=56$, reheating-compatible branches yield $r\simeq0.033$--$0.036$ and $α_s\simeq-(4.6$--$4.7)\times10^{-4}$, comfortably satisfying the current ACT/SPT/BICEP constraints. The evolution remains strictly adiabatic ($m_\perp^2/H^2\gtrsim6.1$, $Ω/H\lesssim7.6\times10^{-4}$) with negligible sound-speed and metric corrections. We provide analytic control over the constant-$w_{\rm eff}$ reheating map, the $N_{\rm re}=0$ boundary, and robustness against vacuum-offset deformations. This Lambert-$W$ backbone establishes a precise, deformable benchmark for confining axion inflation, with microscopic matching and reheating microphysics accessible as systematic EFT refinements.

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arXiv2026

Dark photon dark matter constraints at the Taiwan axion search experiment with haloscope

The dark photon is a well motivated candidate for the dark matter which comprises most of the mass of our visible Universe, leading to worldwide experimental and observational efforts towards its discovery. A primary tool in this search is the cavity haloscope, which facilitates resonantly enhanced conversion to photons from both dark photons and axions. In this context, limits from axion search experiments are often directly converted into dark photon constraints, without re-analyzing the original data. However, this rescaling may not fully capture all of the relevant physics due to various reasons. By re-examining data taken by the Taiwan Axion Search Experiment with Haloscope (TASEH) experiment, we derive a world-leading constraint on the dark photon parameter space, excluding $|ε|\gtrsim2\times10^{-14}$ in the $19.46 - 19.84\,μ$eV mass range, which exceeds the na{ï}ve `rescaling limit' by roughly a factor of two. We emphasize that accounting for the scanning timing information is crucial for deriving limits for the polarized dark photon case. In the data, we also analyze a tentative signal excess with a local significance of 4.7$σ$ ($m_X \simeq 19.5\,μ$eV) that persists in the absence of a magnetic field. While this excess mimics the behavior of a dark photon signal, it has been excluded by recent results from the HAYSTAC and ORGAN-Q experiments. This case study, nevertheless, highlights the risk of discarding valid dark photon signals when relying on axion-specific magnetic field vetoes.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2026

LHC Run-3, Dark Matter and Supersymmetric Spectra in the Supersymmetric Pati-Salam Model

Driven by the growing agreement between the experimentally measured muon anomalous magnetic moment and its SM prediction, we reexamine phenomenological consequences of the MSSM, which is embedded in the supersymmetric $SU(4)_C \times SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R$ Pati-Salam model. In contrast to earlier studies that predominantly favored a specific sign for the Higgsino mass parameter, our analysis systematically explores both $μ> 0$, and $μ< 0$ scenarios in light of current collider, cosmological, and DM constraints. Within this framework, we identify viable parameter space regions where the observed DM relic density is reproduced through multiple mechanisms: co-annihilations involving sbottom-neutralino, gluino-neutralino, stop-neutralino, stau-neutralino, and chargino-neutralino coannihilation, as well as resonant s-annihilation channel via the pseudoscalar Higgs boson. We demonstrate that all such scenarios are consistent with present bounds from LHC supersymmetry searches, the Planck~2018 DM relic density bound, and current limits from DD DM searches. Our results reveal characteristic mass spectra associated with these mechanisms. In particular, sbottom-neutralino coannihilation typically requires sbottom masses near $2.8~\text{TeV}$, while gluino-neutralino and stop-neutralino coannihilation scenarios allow gluino masses in the range $1$--$3~\text{TeV}$ and stop masses between $1$ and $3.5~\text{TeV}$. In coannihilation-dominated regions, the stau and chargino masses may reach values as high as $3.8~\text{TeV}$, whereas viable $A$ resonance solutions are realized for pseudoscalar Higgs masses spanning approximately $1.6$--$3.8~\text{TeV}$. We anticipate that a portion of the parameter space will be accessible to supersymmetry searches in LHC Run-3 and future runs.

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