Timoth{é}e Vene | Searcharxiv

arXiv2026

Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor slope measurement algorithm robust to scintillation and sensor saturation

High throughput optical communication links require the use of adaptive optics (AO) to compensate for atmospheric turbulence even in strong perturbation conditions and at low elevation. Considering the intensity fluctuations brought by scintillation, we present a new slope measurement algorithm for the Shack--Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWFS), based on a joint maximum likelihood approach. We show that this estimator is robust to sensor saturation and widens by more than two orders of magnitude the intensity range exploitable for reliable slope measurements compared to classical algorithms. Consequently, by increasing the intensity assigned to the wavefront sensor, we also increase the number of valid measurements despite sensor saturation.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2026

LEO-to-ground low elevation optical communication: optimization of an adaptive optics design robust to scintillation

To maximize the duration of optical downlinks with Low-Earth Orbit satellites, it is crucial to ensure the coupling into the single mode fiber of the ground terminal even at low elevations. Adaptive optics systems are designed to correct the wavefront deformation induced by atmospheric turbulence. However, at low elevations, amplitude fluctuations (or scintillation) challenge this correction. Here we propose a methodology to design a wavefront sensor that is robust to scintillation, taking the Shack-Hartmann WFS as an example. We present a slope estimator able to handle the large dynamic intensity range between subapertures. We then present an end-to-end simulation of the AO system to show the decrease in wavefront measurement error brought by a finer sampling of the pupil plane. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of such design by means of a detailed AO error budget in the case of a LEO optical downlink.

astro-ph.IM↗