arXiv subjects

Ting-Wan Chen

Publications and source records attributed to Ting-Wan Chen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

SN 2019cqc: A Hydrogen-rich Superluminous Supernova Showing Electron-Scattering Signatures

Hydrogen-rich superluminous supernovae without narrow emission lines (SLSNe-II) are rare transients whose powering mechanisms remain debated, particularly the role of circumstellar medium (CSM) interaction. We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2019cqc to investigate its power source and progenitor mass loss. We model the lightcurve using MOSFiT with the csm and csmni models to constrain the explosion and CSM parameters. SN 2019cqc peaked at $M_g = -20.21 \pm 0.07$ and emitted $\sim 1.7 \times 10^{50}\,\mathrm{erg}$ of energy in the form of radiation. Photometric and spectroscopic modeling indicates that CSM interaction dominates in both scenarios, with best-fit CSM and ejecta masses of $\sim 4.5~ M_\odot$ and $\sim 32~ M_\odot$, respectively. The inferred CSM properties imply an extreme eruptive mass loss at a rate of $\sim 0.2--0.3 ~M_\odot\,\mathrm{yr^{-1}}$ in the years preceding the core collapse, consistent with a variable progenitor of luminous blue variable progenitor. We observe a persistent blueshifted asymmetry in the H$\alpha$ emission line. At early times ($\lesssim +110$~d), this is attributed to electron scattering with bulk Velocity of ejecta, while the profile at late epochs ($\gtrsim +402$~d onward) suggests the subsequent formation of dust in the ejecta. Additionally, we identify a distinct, short-lived feature at $\sim$ 4600 {\AA} , likely a blend of ionized C III/N III lines powered by the interaction of the SN-shock with the extended atmosphere.

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arXiv2026

JWST Detects a Dusty AGB-like Source Before the Type Ia-CSM Supernova 2026sqf

Supernova (SN) 2026sqf recently appeared in the nearby face-on spiral galaxy NGC 3310 and has shown signs of strong interaction with a circumstellar medium (CSM). Such intense interaction, rare among nearby SNe, offers a valuable opportunity to reveal details on the origin and nature of its progenitor system. We analyzed the early-phase spectra and light curves (LCs) of SN 2026sqf. The general shapes of the observed spectra, the strengths of the emission lines, and the LC evolution all suggest that SN 2026sqf belongs to the rare SN Ia-CSM subclass. If confirmed, this would be the closest known member of this class, at D~19 Mpc. We also report the first candidate progenitor system for a thermonuclear supernova identified in JWST pre-explosion imaging, and the first evidence for a (probable) carbon-rich AGB donor to the exploding white dwarf (WD). Our results are consistent with the expectation that SNe Ia-CSM emerge from a system consisting of a WD and an AGB star undergoing a common-envelope phase. The CSM mass and dust content are consistent with expectations for an AGB environment, but the narrow-line width exceeds superwind expansion velocities, favoring an episodic ejection. Binary interaction shortly before the explosion is a natural explanation, though the channel and timescale remain uncertain. Late-time follow-up, especially with JWST, will test the identification and the conclusions of our early-phase analysis.

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arXiv2026

A JWST redshift for the host galaxy of EP250207b of z=3.2: a collapsar origin is viable

We present James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the field of the fast X-ray transient (FXT) detected by Einstein Probe, EP250207b, to resolve any ambiguity about the host galaxy and redshift of the FXT. EP250207b was originally associated with a nearby galaxy at z=0.082, based on its low chance alignment probability, and a binary neutron star merger origin was proposed. However, we report the detection of a background galaxy at z=3.2 at the location of EP250207b. Assuming this galaxy is the actual host galaxy, the rest-frame energetics and timescales of the event change. Furthermore, the available data are not able to rule out the presence of a supernova associated with EP250207b if at this redshift. We model the X-ray, optical, near-infrared and radio light curves using a tophat jet model implemented in Redback and find that they are consistent with an on-axis gamma ray burst afterglow. The energetics and host galaxy properties do not allow us to distinguish between a collapsar and a merger driven event.

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arXiv2026

Dust Without Na I D Trace: The Case of Highly Attenuated Type Ib SN 2024vjc

Understanding dust attenuation toward extragalactic transients is critical for recovering their intrinsic properties and probing the local environments of distant galaxies. A popular diagnostic is the Na I D absorption equivalent width widely applied to extragalactic transients. In this paper, we present early-time optical and near-infrared observations of the Type Ib supernova (SN) SN 2024vjc, followed for $\sim$130 days post-explosion. SN~2024vjc exhibits only weak Na~I~D absorption, indicating only a modest host attenuation with $E (B-V)_{\rm host} \sim 0.18$ mag; if this argument were applied, SN~2024vjc would be a peculiar, faint, and red SN Ib while showing the light-curve shape and spectral evolution broadly consistent with those of canonical SNe Ib. We show that this is not the case; SN-based diagnostics (intrinsic color templates, color-curve evolution, and spectral dereddening) together with the Balmer decrement indicate substantial attenuation, $E(B-V) \sim 0.45$ $-$ $0.8$\,mag. The weak Na I D absorption may result from photoionization of neutral sodium by the intense radiation field of a young H$_{2}$ region at the explosion site; this scenario is directly supported by the detection of narrow H$_{\alpha}$, [N$_{2}$], and H$_{\beta}$ emission lines and a blue continuum excess in late-time spectroscopy. SN~2024vjc represents a clear counterexample to the commonly assumption that weak or absent Na I D absorption implies negligible host-galaxy attenuation, and highlights the importance of employing multiple, independent attenuation diagnostics.

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arXiv2026

SN 2020bij and a Possible Slow-Rise High-Velocity Subclass of Type IIP Supernovae

Mapping how the explosion properties of Type II supernovae (SNe II) relate to the properties of their progenitors can provide strong constraints for understanding the final evolutionary stages of massive stars. Type IIP SNe, linked to the explosions of single red super-giant (RSG) stars, have recently been found to require some form of interaction with circumstellar material (CSM) to reproduce the rapid rise to the plateau often seen in their light curves. In this work, we present observations and analysis of the Type IIP SN 2020bij, characterized by a slow rise to its plateau as well as high expansion velocities. We identify four other SNe IIP from the literature (ASASSN-14kg, SN 2018fif, SN 2021yja and SN 2023axu) with similarly slowly rising light curves and find that they also show high expansion velocities. Using both analytical and numerical models, all five events can be explained with weak to no CSM interaction. We therefore propose that these events constitute a new subclass of Type IIP SNe which could be associated with relatively confined CSM. Early and dense photometric coverage of future SNe IIP together with early spectroscopic observations will further map this subclass and its physical properties. Understanding such rare events could be key to constraining the diversity of late-stage mass-loss in RSGs.

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arXiv2026

Decadal pre-explosion activity and circumstellar interaction in a supernova

When a massive star explodes as a supernova, crucial information about its immediate environment is lost within hours. Here we report rapid optical observations from Lulin Observatory of the broad-lined Type Ic supernova SN 2026gzf, beginning 1.25 hours after Einstein Probe detected the X-ray transient EP260321a. Our data led to the discovery of the optical counterpart and showed a luminous blue first-day excess that cannot be reproduced by standard radioactive models. We find that interaction between the ejecta and $\approx 0.02$ M$_{\odot}$ of circumstellar material accounts for the early excess. Archival Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) images show variability at the explosion site over the previous $\sim 12$ years, with the source brightening by a factor of $\sim 1.5$ in the final $\sim 3$ years before explosion, providing rare evidence for pre-explosion activity in a stripped-envelope progenitor system. The precursor brightening suggests enhanced eruptive mass loss during late-stage oxygen burning before core collapse, while an additional silicon-burning episode shortly before explosion may have created the compact nearby material responsible for the X-ray shock-breakout signal. SN 2026gzf therefore offers the first view of how a stripped progenitor modifies its immediate environment shortly before death, linking long-term precursor variability, circumstellar interaction and the explosion itself.

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arXiv2026

An analysis of the Type Ia SN 2024gy and a comparison of different host extinction estimation techniques

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are well-known standardisable candles, and are one of the main ways to measure the distance to their host galaxies. However, extinction due to interstellar dust causes objects to appear fainter and redder. Correcting for this requires estimating the amount of intervening material and how the extinction changes as a function of wavelength. We present and analyse optical and near-infrared data of the well-observed SN 2024gy and use these to compare different extinction estimation techniques, making use of photometric, spectroscopic, and polarimetric data. SN 2024gy is a normal SN Ia with high velocity (HV) components in Si II $\lambda6355$ (phase $<-10$ days) and a particularly strong HV feature in the Ca II near-infrared triplet (up to peak). Modelling SN 2024gy with TARDIS shows better matches with a double-detonation scenario compared to a delayed-detonation scenario due to a better match to the Ca II HV component. A measurement of the stable Ni/Fe ratio however favours a delayed-detonation scenario. Host extinction estimates range from $E(B-V)_{host}=0.12\pm0.02$ mag (narrow interstellar absorption lines) to $E(B-V)_{host}=0.24\pm0.06$ mag (Lira law) with a mean of $E(B-V)_{host}=0.22\pm0.04$ mag, assuming $R_V=3.1$. The spread between different methods highlights the challenge of accurately estimating the amount of extinction light suffers before being observed.

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arXiv2026

Detection of persistent helium absorption in the 91bg-like type Ia Supernova 2022an

We present optical and near-infrared observations of the fast-declining Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2022an. The photometric and spectroscopic properties identify it as a standard 91bg-like event; however, our data reveal a relatively narrow absorption feature with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 75 angstroms near $1.037\,\mu$m in the rest frame of the observed spectra that persists from around 30 days to nearly 90 days after maximum light. We attribute this feature to He I $1.083\,\mu$m line with a blueshifted velocity of $1.3\times10^{4}$ km s$^{-1}$ and a FWHM of $2.1\times10^{3}$ km s$^{-1}$, supported by the detection of multiple optical He I transitions in earlier epochs at a higher velocity around $1.5\times10^{4}$ km s$^{-1}$. The high velocity of the helium could not be explained by helium external to the progenitor at the explosion, such as the stripped surface helium from a companion star. The properties of the helium absorption in SN 2022an spectra instead point to unburnt material in the outer ejecta, thus providing the most compelling evidence to date for helium-bearing ejecta in a 91bg-like SN Ia. Such helium has been predicted for sub-Chandrasekhar-mass double-detonation explosions involving a surface helium shell. No theoretical calculations of modern helium-shell double detonation have been performed at epochs similar to those observed for SN 2022an to study the effect of helium on their spectra, revealing a gap between observations and theoretical calculations in understanding the manifestation of helium in SNe Ia. Nevertheless, the discovery of persistent helium absorption in SN 2022an demonstrates the diagnostic power of NIR spectroscopy for understanding thermonuclear supernova explosions by probing the abundance and structure of their ejecta.

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arXiv2026

ATLAS100 -- I. A volume-limited sample of supernovae and related transients within 100 Mpc

We present ATLAS100 -- a sample of 1729 supernovae and other explosive optical transients within $\sim 100$ Mpc observed by the ATLAS survey over a span of 5.75 years from 2017 September 21 to 2023 June 21. The volume-limited sample includes transients associated with galaxies with a spectroscopic redshift of $z \leq 0.025$, and spectroscopically classified transients within this redshift threshold where a host redshift was not available in existing catalogues. Our host galaxy list is constructed from aggregating all available galaxy redshift and distance catalogues. We carefully select all transients within a projected radius of 50\,kpc of these hosts. The ATLAS100 transient sample has a host galaxy redshift completeness fraction of $83$ per cent, consistent with expectations for the redshift completeness of local galaxy catalogues. Within this volume, the spectroscopic classifications are 87 per cent complete and we reclassify many ambiguous transients with joint light curve and spectroscopic considerations. Here, we release the catalogue together with compiled, binned and cleaned ATLAS photometry for all transients. We fit the light curve data to derive peak luminosity and characteristic timescales. We explore the sample characteristics, demographics and discuss completeness and purity of the sample.

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arXiv2026

The extremely low-luminosity Type Iax SNe 2022ywf and 2023zgx

We present the optical follow-up of SNe 2022ywf and 2023zgx, two examples from the Iax subclass of thermonuclear supernova (SN) events. With peak absolute magnitudes of $M_\mathrm{V} = -13.7$ and $-14.4$ mag, respectively, both objects belong to the extremely low-luminosity (EL) population of the class. A common origin of SNe in the Iax subclass is still under debate since the distribution of certain observables may indicate that the extremely low-luminosity explosions form a distinct population. We aim to estimate the physical properties of the two EL objects, including mapping the ejecta structure. We perform spectral tomography on the spectral series of SNe 2022ywf and 2023zgx around their maxima to map the physical properties of the ejecta. Together with the analysis of BgVriz photometry, a wide range of observables can be studied to investigate their distribution against luminosity. The constrained chemical abundances of the ejecta are compared to the predictions of the hydrodynamic simulations with similar peak luminosities. Constant abundances provide a good match for the distribution of chemical elements for both SNe 2022ywf and 2023zgx. The discrepancies compared to the least luminous pure deflagration model N5def_hybrid are minor, especially at post-maximum epochs. The two SNe also share similar characteristics in their constrained density structures, as well as the evolution of the photosphere. The analysis supports the assumption that pure deflagration models can reproduce the main characteristics of SNe Iax, even for the EL population. The presented indirect observational evidence indicates that these objects show similar intrinsic properties to the relatively luminous Iax sample and fit into the velocity distribution of the subclass.

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arXiv2026

SN 2024abvb: a Type Ibn/Icn supernova with evidence of helium and an extreme offset from its host galaxy

We present spectroscopic and photometric observations and analysis of SN 2024abvb, a peculiar transitional Type Ibn/Icn supernova located at an unusually large projected distance from its host galaxy (21.5 kpc). SN 2024abvb displays an extended rise time in the $g$- and $o$-bands (10.1 and 10.6 days respectively), followed by a linear decline in all photometric bands. Comparisons with other supernova subclasses show that the photometric and spectroscopic evolution of SN 2024abvb are distinct from Type~Ibn and Type Icn events, with a higher peak $r$-band luminosity and lower blackbody temperatures. Spectra reveal an initial blue continuum and narrow P-Cygni profiles, with C {\sc ii} $\lambda$5890 dominating in emission, persisting at late phases, and showing a rapid decline in the expansion velocity. Weak He {\sc i} $\lambda$5876 features are tentatively detected at early times. Analysis of progenitor scenarios rules out thermonuclear origins based on incompatible light curve shapes and spectral signatures. A rare massive star progenitor appears unlikely given the low local star formation rate. The most plausible origin is an ultra-stripped supernova scenario involving a binary system; this best explains the observed separation from the host, the low circumstellar material mass, the fast photometric evolution and the low nickel production, although a discrepancy in model versus observed ejecta mass remains. These results reinforce the classification of SN 2024abvb as a distinctive Type Ibn/Icn event and highlight the diversity of progenitor channels for interacting supernovae.

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arXiv2026

A Faint Progenitor System for the Faint Supernova 2024vjm

Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) are well known for their role as standardizable cosmological candles. Their uniformity is credited to their single origin as thermonuclear explosions of White dwarf (WD) stars. Nevertheless, some SNe Ia break this regularity. Prominently, the Iax subclass are less energetic and remarkably diverse, raising questions about their progenitor systems. While no progenitor system of a normal SN Ia has ever been detected, a luminous blue star was identified in pre-explosion images of the site of the bright SN Iax SN 2012Z, suggested to be a helium giant companion star acting as a mass donor to a WD SN progenitor. This is in line with models of weak mass accretion of a WD from a binary companion, producing an explosion that does not fully disrupt the star. However, these models fail to explain the properties of the faintest Type Iax explosions, suggesting either they originate from other WD binary systems, or even from massive progenitor stars. Here, we present the faint SN Iax SN 2024vjm - possibly the faintest supernova observed to date. Using a deep pre-explosion image taken by the recently launched Euclid space mission, we show that its progenitor system must be fainter than the helium giant SN Iax progenitor candidate of SN 2012Z, as well as that of the luminous red companion or remnant of the faint SN 2008ha, and may require a subdwarf helium star as a mass donor. The deep image also provides strong arguments against a massive star origin for this faint supernova. Our observations argue that SN 2024vjm is a WD explosion, but we find that remarkably faint SNe Iax fade more slowly than bright ones, i.e., they evolve in an opposite manner from the famous Phillips relation that makes regular SNe Ia cosmological candles.

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arXiv2026

An Archival Optical Counterpart Search for Extragalactic Fast X-Ray Transients Discovered by Einstein Probe

Extragalactic fast X-ray transients (eFXTs) represent a rapidly growing class of high-energy phenomena, whose physical origins remain poorly understood. With its wide-field, sensitive all-sky monitoring, the Einstein Probe (EP) has greatly increased the discovery rate of eFXTs. The search and identification of the optical counterparts of eFXT are vital for understanding their classification and constraining their physical origin. Yet, a considerable fraction of eFXTs still lack secure classifications due to the absence of timely follow-up observations. We carry out a systematic search of publicly available optical survey data and transient databases (including the Zwicky Transient Facility, ZTF, and the Transient Name Server, TNS) for optical counterparts to eFXT candidates detected by EP. In this paper, we describe our ongoing program and report the first results. Specifically, we identified the eFXT EP240506a to be associated with a UV/optical counterpart, AT 2024ofs. Spectroscopy of its host galaxy with VLT yields a redshift of $z = 0.120 \pm 0.002$. By combining archival survey data with early-time multiwavelength observations, we find that the luminosity and light-curve evolution of AT~2024ofs are consistent with a core-collapse supernova origin. From detectability simulations, we estimate a local event rate density $\rho_{0}=8.8^{+21.2}_{-3.9}\ \mathrm{yr^{-1}\, Gpc^{-3}}$ for EP240506a-like events, and completeness-corrected rate of about $36$--$78\ \mathrm{yr^{-1}\ Gpc^{-3}}$ for EP-detected X-ray transients associated with supernovae. Our results demonstrate the potential of EP to uncover prompt high-energy emission from core-collapse supernovae and underscore the critical importance of timely follow-up of future eFXT events.

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arXiv2026

AT2024wpp: An Extremely Luminous Fast Ultraviolet Transient Powered by Accretion onto a Black Hole

We present the discovery of AT 2024wpp ("Whippet"), a fast and luminous 18cow-like transient. At a redshift of z=0.0868, revealed by Keck Cosmic Web Imager spectroscopy of its faint star-forming host, it is the fourth-nearest example of its class to date. Rapid identification of the source in the Zwicky Transient Facility data stream permitted ultraviolet-through-optical observations to be obtained prior to peak, allowing the first determination of the peak bolometric luminosity (2x10^45 erg/s), maximum photospheric radius (10^15 cm), and total radiated energy (10^51 erg) of an 18cow-like object. We present results from a comprehensive multiwavelength observing campaign, including a far-UV spectrum from the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope and deep imaging extending >100 days post-explosion from the Very Large Telescope, Hubble Space Telescope, Very Large Array, and Atacama Large Millimetre Array. We interpret the observations under a model in which a rapidly-accreting central engine blows a fast (~0.2c) wind into the surrounding medium and irradiates it with X-rays. The high Doppler velocities and intense ionization within this wind prevent identifiable spectroscopic features from appearing in the ejecta or in the surrounding circumstellar material. Weak H and He signatures do emerge in the spectra after 35 days in the form of double-peaked narrow lines. Each peak is individually narrow (full width ~3000 km/s) but the two components are separated by ~6600 km/s, indicating stable structures of denser material, possibly representing streams of tidal ejecta or an ablated companion star.

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arXiv2025

Exploring the origins of high-velocity features in SNe Ia with the spectral synthesis code TARDIS

Appearing as secondary higher-velocity absorption components, high-velocity features (HVFs) have been observed in several absorption lines in many Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The frequency and ubiquity of these components in silicon and calcium features specifically indicates that the mechanism through which they form must be common occurrence among the majority of SNe Ia. Here we present modelling of the HVF evolution in a sample of six well observed SNe Ia with the radiative-transfer code tardis. A base model is derived for each of the SNe to reproduce the photospheric velocity components, followed by a grid of simulations with Gaussian enhancements to the density profile at high velocities. We train a set of neural networks to emulate the impact of these density enhancements upon the simulated silicon line profile. These networks are subsequently used within a Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework to infer the density enhancement parameters that most closely reproduce the HVF evolution. While we obtain good matches for the silicon profile, we find that a single density enhancement alone cannot simultaneously produce the observed silicon and calcium HVF evolution. Our findings indicate that neither the delayed-detonation mechanism, nor the double-detonation mechanism can produce these HVFs, suggesting that something may be missing from the models.

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arXiv2025

The ANDICAM-SOFI Near-infrared and Optical type Ia Supernova (ASNOS) sample: Description and data release

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) provide the most robust means of measuring extragalactic distances. While most of the effort has focused on increasing the number of SNe Ia observed in the optical, near-infrared (NIR) observations remain scarce despite their advantages, that is, reduced dust extinction and a more intrinsic standard candle behavior, requiring little to no empirical corrections. Here, we present ASNOS (ANDICAM-SOFI Near-infrared and Optical type Ia Supernova), a dataset with sample size of 1,482 epochs in the $BVRIYJH$ filters from the ANDICAM instrument on the 1.3-meter SMARTS telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, along with 125 $JHK$ epochs from the SOFI instrument on the 3.58-meter New Technology Telescope on the La Silla Observatory. Additionally, we incorporate optical forced photometry from the Zwicky Transient Facility and the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System. The sample comprises 41 SNe Ia in total, including 29 normal events, eight 1991T-like objects, and four peculiar subtypes, all located at redshifts $z < 0.085$. This paper provides a detailed overview of the ASNOS sample selection, data reduction, SN photometry, host-galaxy spectral energy distribution construction, both global and local, and SN light-curve fitting using three methods: SALT3-NIR, SNooPy, and BayeSN. A companion paper will present the cosmological analysis.

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arXiv2025

SN 2023taz: Implications for the UV Diversity of Superluminous Supernovae

Superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) are some of the brightest explosions in the Universe representing the extremes of stellar deaths. At the upper end of their distribution is SN\,2023taz, one of the most luminous SLSNe discovered to date with a peak absolute magnitude of $M_{g,\rm{peak}}=-22.75 \pm 0.03$ and a lower limit for energy radiated of $E=2.9 \times 10^{51}$\,erg. Magnetar model fits reveal individual parameter values typical of the SLSN population, but the combination of a low $B$-field and ejecta mass with a short spin period places SN\,2023taz in a unusual region of parameter space, accounting for its extreme luminosity. The optical data around peak are consistent with a temperature of $\sim$17\,000\,K but SN\,2023taz shows a surprising deficit in the UV compared to other events in this temperature range. We find no indication of dust extinction that could plausibly explain the UV deficit. The lower level of UV flux is reminiscent of the absorption seen in lower-luminosity events like SN\,2017dwh, where Fe-group elements are responsible for the effect. However, in the case of SN\,2023taz, there is no evidence for a larger amount of Fe-group elements which could contribute to line blanketing. Comparing to SLSNe with well-observed UV spectra, an underlying temperature of $8000-9000$\,K would match the UV spectral slope, but is not consistent with the optical colour temperatures of these events. The most likely explanation is enhanced absorption by intermediate-mass elements, challenging previous findings that SLSNe exhibit similar UV absorption line equivalent widths. This highlights the need for expanded UV spectroscopic coverage of SLSNe, especially at early times, to build a framework for interpreting their diversity and to enable classification at higher redshifts where optical observations will exclusively probe rest-frame UV emission.

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arXiv2025

Detection of disk-jet co-precession in a tidal disruption event

Theories and simulations predict that intense spacetime curvature near black holes bends the trajectories of light and matter, driving disk and jet precession under relativistic torques. However, direct observational evidence of disk-jet co-precession remains elusive. Here, we report the most compelling case to date: a tidal disruption event (TDE) exhibiting unprecedented 19.6-day quasi-periodic variations in both X-rays and radio, with X-ray amplitudes exceeding an order of magnitude. The nearly synchronized X-ray and radio variations suggest a shared mechanism regulating the emission regions. We demonstrate that a disk-jet Lense-Thirring precession model successfully reproduces these variations while requiring a low-spin black hole. This study uncovers previously uncharted short-term radio variability in TDEs, highlights the transformative potential of high-cadence radio monitoring, and offers profound insights into disk-jet physics.

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