Tom Reershemius | Searcharxiv

arXiv2023

Enhanced weathering in the U.S. Corn Belt delivers carbon removal with agronomic benefits

Enhanced weathering (EW) with crushed basalt on farmlands is a promising scalable atmospheric carbon dioxide removal strategy that urgently requires performance assessment with commercial farming practices. Our large-scale replicated EW field trial in the heart of the U.S. Corn Belt shows cumulative time-integrated carbon sequestration of 15.4 +/- 4.1 t CO2 ha-1 over four years, with additional emissions mitigation of ~0.1 - 0.4 t CO2,e ha-1 yr-1 for soil nitrous oxide, a potent long-lived greenhouse gas. Maize and soybean yields increased 12-16% with EW following improved soil fertility, decreased soil acidification, and upregulation of root nutrient transport genes. Our findings suggest that widespread adoption of EW across farming sectors has the potential to contribute significantly to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions goals and global food and soil security.

physics.soc-ph↗

arXiv2023

Initial validation of a soil-based mass-balance approach for empirical monitoring of enhanced rock weathering rates

Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) is a promising scalable and cost-effective Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) strategy with significant environmental and agronomic co-benefits. A major barrier to large-scale implementation of ERW is a robust Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) framework. To successfully quantify the amount of carbon dioxide removed by ERW, MRV must be accurate, precise, and cost-effective. Here, we outline a mass-balance-based method where analysis of the chemical composition of soil samples is used to track in-situ silicate rock weathering. We show that signal-to-noise issues of in-situ soil analysis can be mitigated by using isotope-dilution mass spectrometry to reduce analytical error. We implement a proof-of-concept experiment demonstrating the method in controlled mesocosms. In our experiment, basalt rock feedstock is added to soil columns containing the cereal crop Sorghum bicolor at a rate equivalent to 50 t ha$^{-1}$. Using our approach, we calculate rock weathering corresponding to an average initial CDR value of 1.44 +/- 0.27 tCO$_2$eq ha$^{-1}$ from our experiments after 235 days, within error of an independent estimate calculated using conventional elemental budgeting of reaction products. Our method provides a robust time-integrated estimate of initial CDR, to feed into models that track and validate large-scale carbon removal through ERW.

q-bio.OT↗