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Tomislav Ivezic

Publications and source records attributed to Tomislav Ivezic.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2017

The electromagnetic field equations for moving media

In this paper a formulation of the field equation for moving media is developed by the generalization of an axiomatic geometric formulation of the electromagnetism in vacuum (Ivezić T 2005 Found. Phys. Lett. 18 401. First, the field equations with bivectors F(x) and \mathcal{M}(x) are presented and then these equations are written with vectors E(x), B(x), P(x) and M(x). The latter ones contain both the velocity vector u of a moving medium and the velocity vector v of the observers who measure E and B fields. They do not appear in the entire previous literature. All these equations are written in the standard basis and compared with Maxwell's equations with 3-vectors. In this approach the Ampèr-Maxwell law and Gauss's law are inseparably connected in one law and the same happens with Faraday's law and the law that expresses the absence of magnetic charge. It is shown that Maxwell's equations with 3-vectors and our field equations with 4D geometric quantities are not equivalent in the 4D spacetime.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2016

Nature of Electric and Magnetic Fields; How the Fields Transform

In this paper the proofs are given that the electric and magnetic fields are properly defined vectors on the four-dimensional (4D) spacetime (the 4-vectors in the usual notation) and not the usual 3D fields. Furthermore, the proofs are presented that under the mathematically correct Lorentz transformations (LT), e.g., the electric field vector transforms as any other vector transforms, i.e., again to the electric field vector; there is no mixing with the magnetic field vector B, as in the usual transformations (UT) of the 3D fields. The derivations of the UT from some well-known textbooks are discussed and objected.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2014

The manifestly covariant Aharonov-Bohm effect in terms of the 4D fields

In this paper it is presented a manifestly covariant formulation of the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phase difference for the magnetic AB effect . This covariant AB phase is written in terms of the Faraday 2-form F and using the decomposition of F in terms of the electric and magnetic fields as four-dimensional (4D) geometric quantities. It is shown that there is a static electric field outside a stationary solenoid with resistive conductor carrying steady current, which causes that the AB phase difference in the magnetic AB effect may be determined by the electric part of the covariant expression, i.e. by the local influence of the 4D electric field and not, as generally accepted,in terms of nonzero vector potential.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2014

Comment on Macroscopic Test of the Aharonov-Bohm Effect

In this Comment it is shown that it cannot be argued that in the magnetic AB effect there is no force acting on the particle, i.e., that the observed phase shift is entirely due to nonzero vector potential. In stationary resistive conductors carrying constant currents there are quasistatic surface charges, which generate not only the electric field inside the wire driving the current, but also a static electric field outside it. These external static electric fields have nothing to do with Boyer's force picture and with his result for the existence of a time delay.

quant-ph↗
arXiv2013

Is there a "Charge - Magnet Paradox"

In this paper it is shown that in the approach to special relativity which exclusively deals with the four-dimensional geometric quantities (4D GQs), the invariant special relativity (ISR), there is not recently posed paradox that in a static electric field a magnetic dipole moment (MDM) is subject to a torque in some frames and not in others. In the ISR, there is no need either for the change of the Lorentz force, but as a 4D GQ, or for the introduction of some "hidden" 3D quantities. Furthermore, in the ISR, contrary to all previous approaches, an electrically neutral current-loop in its rest frame possesses not only a MDM m, but also an electric dipole moment (EDM) p and a stationary permanent magnet possesses not only an intrinsic magnetization M but also an intrinsic electric polarization P. Hence, in a static electric field, both, a current-loop and a permanent magnet experience the Lorentz force K_{L} and the torque N in all relatively moving inertial frames. The quantities m, p, M, P, K_{L}, N are the 4D GQs.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2013

Comment on "Trouble with the Lorentz Law of Force: Incompatibility with Special Relativity and Momentum Conservation [arXiv:1205.0096]"

In this Comment it is shown that the principle of relativity is naturally satisfied and there is no paradox if an independent physical reality is attributed to the four-dimensional (4D) geometric quantities (GQs) and not, as usual, to the 3D quantities. Hence, there is no need either for the change of the expression for the Lorentz force, but as a 4D GQ, or for the introduction of some "hidden" 3D quantities.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2012

The Lorentz transformations of the vectors E, B, P, M and the external electric fields from a stationary superconducting wire with a steady current and from a stationary permanent magnet

In the first part of this paper we review the fundamental difference between the usual transformations of the three-dimensional (3D) vectors of the electric field $\mathbf{E}$, the magnetic field $\mathbf{B}$, the polarization $\mathbf{P}$, the magnetization $\mathbf{M}$ and the Lorentz transformations of the 4D geometric quantities, vectors E, B, P, M, with many additional explanations and several new results. In the second part, we have discussed the existence of the electric field vector E outside a stationary superconducting wire with a steady current and also different experiments for the detection of such electric fields. Furthermore, a fundamental prediction of the existence of the external electric field vector E from a stationary permanent magnet is considered. These electric fields are used for the resolution of the "charge-magnet paradox" with 4D geometric quantities for a qualitative explanation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in terms of fields and not, as usual, in terms of the vector potential and for a qualitative explanation that the particle interference is not a test of a Lorentz-violating model of electrodynamics according to which a magnetic solenoid generates not only a static magnetic field but also a static electric field.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2012

Relatively Moving Systems in "True Transformations Relativity"

In this paper the physical systems consisting of relatively moving subsystems are considered in the "true transformations relativity." It is found in a manifestly covariant way that there is a second-order electric field outside stationary current-carrying conductor. It is also found that there are opposite charges on opposite sides of a square loop with current and these charges are invariant charges.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2012

The Constitutive Relations and the Magnetoelectric Effect for Moving Media

In this paper the constitutive relations for moving media with homogeneous and isotropic electric and magnetic properties are presented as the connections between the generalized magnetization-polarization bivector $%\mathcal{M}$ and the electromagnetic field F. Using the decompositions of F and $\mathcal{M}$, it is shown how the polarization vector P(x) and the magnetization vector M(x) depend on E, B and two different velocity vectors, u - the bulk velocity vector of the medium, and v - the velocity vector of the observers who measure E and B fields. These constitutive relations with four-dimensional geometric quantities, which correctly transform under the Lorentz transformations (LT), are compared with Minkowski's constitutive relations with the 3-vectors and several essential differences are pointed out. They are caused by the fact that, contrary to the general opinion, the usual transformations of the 3-vectors $% \mathbf{E}$, $\mathbf{B}$, $\mathbf{P}$, $\mathbf{M}$, etc. are not the LT. The physical explanation is presented for the existence of the magnetoelectric effect in moving media that essentially differs from the traditional one.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Comment on "Limit on the Electron Electric Dipole Moment in Gadolinium-Iron Garnet" [arXiv:physics/0509106]

In the paper being commented on it is proposed a new method for the detection of the electron EDM using the solid GdIG. There, it is argued that a sample electric polarization appears when the sample is magnetized; the common belief is that the electron EDM must be collinear with its magnetic moment. All this is objected and it is suggested that the polarization of the sample can be explained by the direct, Lorentz covariant, interaction between B^{a} and an EDM d^{a}.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Comment on "Prospects for a new search for the electron electric-dipole moment in solid gadolinium-iron-garnet ceramics"

In a recent paper [A. O. Sushkov, S. Eckel and S. K. Lamoreaux, Phys. Rev. A 79, 022118 (2009), arXiv:0810.2756 ] the authors measured the EDM-induced magnetization M that is given by Eq. (1) in their paper. Such an expression for M is a consequence of the generally accepted opinion that both dipole moments, a MDM m and an EDM d, are proportional to the spin S. Recently [T. Ivezic, Phys. Scr. 81, 025001 (2010)] the Uhlenbeck-Goudsmit hypothesis is generalized in a Lorentz covariant manner using the four-dimensional (4D) geometric quantities. From the viewpoint of such formulation there is no EDM-induced magnetization M; in the 4D spacetime the EDM d^{a} is not proportional to S^{a}. It is argued that the induced M can come from the direct interaction between the applied electric field E^{a} and a MDM m^{a}.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Generalized Uhlenbeck-Goudsmit hypothesis 'Magnetic' S^{a} and 'Electric' Z^{a} Spins

In this paper, the connection between the dipole moment tensor D^{ab} and the spin four-tensor S^{ab} is formulated in the form of the generalized Uhlenbeck-Goudsmit hypothesis, D^{ab}=g_{S}S^{ab}. It is also found that the spin four-tensor S^{ab} can be decomposed into two 4-vectors, the usual `space-space' intrinsic angular momentum S^{a}, which will be called `magnetic' spin (mspin), and a new one, the `time-space' intrinsic angular momentum Z^{a}, which will be called `electric' spin (espin). Both spins are equally good physical quantities. Taking into account the generalized Uhlenbeck-Goudsmit hypothesis, the decomposition of S^{ab} and the decomposition of D^{ab} into the dipole moments m^{a} and d^{a}, we find that an electric dipole moment (EDM) of a fundamental particle, as a four-dimensional (4D) geometric quantity, is determined by Z^{a} and not, as generally accepted, by the spin $\mathbf{S}$ as a 3-vector. Also it is shown that neither the T inversion nor the P inversion are good symmetries in the 4D spacetime. In this geometric approach, only the world parity W, Wx^{a}=-x^{a}, is well defined in the 4D spacetime. Some consequences for elementary particle theories and experiments that search for EDM are briefly discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2010

Lorentz Transformations of the Electric and Magnetic Fields According to Minkowski

The usual transformations (UT) of the 3-vectors E and B that are found by Lorentz, Poincaré and independently by Einstein in 1905. are generally considered to be the Lorentz transformations (LT) of E and B. According to the UT E in one frame is 'seen' as E' and B' in a relatively moving frame. In Minkowski's last paper, in 1908. in section 11.6, he defined the vectors (with four components) of the electric $Φ$ and magnetic $Ψ$ fields and discovered that, e.g., $Φ$ correctly transforms by the LT again to $Φ^{\prime}$. His correct LT are reinvented in, e.g., [11] ([11] Ivezić T 2005 Found. Phys. Lett. 18 301). In this paper we show the essential similarity and some differences between Minkowski's relations in section 11.6 and the results obtained in [11]. The low-velocity limit of the UT and the LT is briefly examined. A short discussion of the comparison with the Trouton-Noble experiment is presented.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2007

The Intrinsic Electric Dipole Moment and the "Time-Space" Intrinsic Angular Momentum

In this paper it is found that the spin four-tensor $S^{ab}$ can be decomposed into two 4-vectors, the usual ``space-space'' intrinsic angular momentum $S^{a}$ and a new one, the ``time-space'' intrinsic angular momentum $Z^{a}$, which are both equally well physical quantities. It is shown that an electric dipole moment (EDM) of a fundamental particle, as a four-dimensional geometric quantity, is determined by $Z^{a}$ and not, as generally accepted, by the spin $\mathbf{S}$. Also it is proved that neither the $T$ inversion nor the $P$ inversion are good symmetries in the 4D spacetime. In our geometric approach only the world parity $W$, $% x^{a}\to -x^{a}$, is well-defined in the 4D spacetime. The consequences for elementary particle theories and experiments that search for EDM are briefly discussed.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2006

Jackson's paradox and its resolution by the four-dimensional geometric quantities

In this paper it is shown that the real cause of Jackson's paradox is the use of three-dimensional (3D) quantities, e.g., $\mathbf{E}$, $% \mathbf{B}$, $\mathbf{F}$, $\mathbf{L}$, $\mathbf{T}$, their transformations and equations with them. The principle of relativity is naturally satisfied and there is no paradox when the physical reality is attributed to the 4D geometric quantities, e.g., to the 4D torque $N$ (bivector) or, equivalently, to the 4D torques $N_{s}$ and $N_{t}$ (1-vectors), which together contain the same physical information as the bivector $N$.

physics.gen-ph↗
arXiv2006

Lorentz and "apparent" transformations of the electric and magnetic fields

It is recently discovered that the usual transformations of the three-dimensional (3D) vectors of the electric and magnetic fields differ from the Lorentz transformations (LT) (boosts) of the corresponding 4D quantities that represent the electric and magnetic fields. In this paper, using geometric algebra formalism, this fundamental difference is examined representing the electric and magnetic fields by bivectors.

physics.gen-ph↗