arXiv subjects

Tomohiro Taniguchi

Publications and source records attributed to Tomohiro Taniguchi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2018

Spin torque oscillator for microwave assisted magnetization reversal

A theoretical study is given for the self-oscillation excited in a spin torque oscillator (STO) consisting of an in-plane magnetized free layer and a perpendicularly magnetized pinned layer in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field. This type of STO is a potential candidate for a microwave source of microwave assisted magnetization reversal (MAMR). It is, however, found that the self-oscillation applicable to MAMR disappears when the perpendicular field is larger than a critical value, which is much smaller than a demagnetization field. This result provides a condition that the reversal field of a magnetic recording bit by MAMR in nanopillar structure should be smaller than the critical value. The analytical formulas of currents determining the critical field are obtained, which indicate that a material with a small damping is not preferable to acheive a wide range of the self-oscillation applicable to MAMR, although such a material is preferable from the view point of the reduction of the power consumption.

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arXiv2018

An analytical computation of magnetic field generated from a cylinder ferromagnet

An analytical formulation to compute a magnetic field generated from an uniformly magnetized cylinder ferromagnet is developed. Exact solutions of the magnetic field generated from the magnetization pointing in an arbitrary direction are derived, which are applicable both inside and outside the ferromagnet. The validities of the present formulas are confirmed by comparing them with demagnetization coefficients estimated in earlier works. The results will be useful for designing practical applications, such as high-density magnetic recording and microwave generators, where nanostructured ferromagnets are coupled to each other through the dipole interactions and show cooperative phenomena such as synchronization. As an example, the magnetic field generated from a spin torque oscillator for magnetic recording based on microwave assisted magnetization reversal is studied.

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arXiv2018

Magnetoresistance originated from charge-spin conversion in ferromagnet

Transverse magnetoresistance in a ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic/ferromagnetic trilayer originated from charge-spin conversion by anomalous Hall effect is investigated theoretically. Solving the spin diffusion equation in bulk and using the spin-dependent Landauer formula at the ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic interface, an analytical formula of the transverse resistivity is obtained. The charge-spin conversion by the anomalous Hall effect contributes to the magnetoresistance in a manner proportional to the square of the spin anomalous Hall angle. The angular dependence of the magnetoresistance is basically identical to that of planar Hall effect, but has an additional term which depends on the relative angle of the magnetizations in two ferromagnets.

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arXiv2017

Mutual synchronization of spin-torque oscillators consisting of perpendicularly magnetized free layers and in-plane magnetized pinned layers

A mutual synchronization of spin-torque oscillators coupled through current injection is studied theoretically. Models of electrical coupling in parallel and series circuits are proposed. Solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, excitation of in-phase or antiphase synchronization, depending on the ways the oscillators are connected, is found. It is also found from both analytical and numerical calculations that the current-frequency relations for both parallel and series circuits are the same as that for a single spin-torque oscillator.

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arXiv2017

Synchronization of spin torque oscillators through spin Hall magnetoresistance

Spin torque oscillators placed onto a nonmagnetic heavy metal show synchronized auto-oscillations due to the coupling originating from spin Hall magnetoresistance effect. Here, we study a system having two spin torque oscillators under the effect of the spin Hall torque, and show that switching the external current direction enables us to control the phase difference of the synchronization between in-phase and antiphase.

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arXiv2017

Indirect excitation of self-oscillation in perpendicular ferromagnet by spin Hall effect

A possibility to excite a stable self-oscillation in a perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnet by the spin Hall effect is investigated theoretically. It had been shown that such self-oscillation cannot be stabilized solely by the direct spin torque by the spin Hall effect. Here, we consider adding another ferromagnet, referred to as pinned layer, on the free layer. The pinned layer provides another spin torque through the reflection of the spin current. The study shows that the stable self-oscillation is excited by the additional spin torque when the magnetization in the pinned layer is tilted from the film plane.

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arXiv2017

Relaxation time and critical slowing down of a spin-torque oscillator

The relaxation phenomena of spin-torque oscillators consisting of nanostructured ferromagnets are interesting research targets in magnetism. A theoretical study on the relaxation time of a spin-torque oscillator from one self-oscillation state to another is investigated. By solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation both analytically and numerically, it is shown that the oscillator relaxes to the self-oscillation state exponentially within a few nanoseconds, except when magnetization is close to a critical point. The relaxation rate, which is an inverse of relaxation time, is proportional to the current. On the other hand, a critical slowing down appears near the critical point, where relaxation is inversely proportional to time, and the relaxation time becomes on the order of hundreds of nanoseconds. These conclusions are primarily obtained for a spin-torque oscillator consisting of a perpendicularly magnetized free layer and an in-plane magnetized pinned layer, and are further developed for application to arbitrary types of spin-torque oscillators.

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arXiv2017

Dynamic coupling of ferromagnets via spin Hall magnetoresistance

The synchronized magnetization dynamics in ferromagnets on a nonmagnetic heavy metal caused by the spin Hall effect is investigated theoretically. The direct and inverse spin Hall effects near the ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic interface generate longitudinal and transverse electric currents. The phenomenon is known as the spin Hall magnetoresistance effect, whose magnitude depends on the magnetization direction in the ferromagnet due to the spin transfer effect. When another ferromagnet is placed onto the same nonmagnet, these currents are again converted to the spin current by the spin Hall effect and excite the spin torque to this additional ferromagnet, resulting in the excitation of the coupled motions of the magnetizations. The in-phase or antiphase synchronization of the magnetization oscillations, depending on the value of the Gilbert damping constant and the field-like torque strength, is found in the transverse geometry by solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation numerically. On the other hand, in addition to these synchronizations, the synchronization having a phase difference of a quarter of a period is also found in the longitudinal geometry. The analytical theory clarifying the relation among the current, frequency, and phase difference is also developed, where it is shown that the phase differences observed in the numerical simulations correspond to that giving the fixed points of the energy supplied by the coupling torque.

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arXiv2016

Magnetoresistance generated from charge-spin conversion by anomalous Hall effect in metallic ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic bilayers

A theoretical formulation of magnetoresistance effect in a metallic ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic bilayer originated from the charge-spin conversion by the anomalous Hall effect is presented. Analytical expressions of the longitudinal and transverse resistivities in both nonmagnet and ferromagnet are obtained by solving the spin diffusion equation. The magnetoresistance generated from charge-spin conversion purely caused by the anomalous Hall effect in the ferromagnet is found to be proportional to the square of the spin polarizations in the ferromagnet and has fixed sign. We also find additional magnetoresistances in both nonmagnet and ferromagnet arising from the mixing of the spin Hall and anomalous Hall effects. The sign of this mixing resistance depends on those of the spin Hall angle in the nonmagnet and the spin polarizations of the ferromagnet.

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arXiv2016

Spin-transfer torque in ferromagnetic bilayers generated by anomalous Hall effect and anisotropic magnetoresistance

We propose an experimental scheme to determine the spin-transfer torque efficiency excited by the spin-orbit interaction in ferromagnetic bilayers from the measurement of the longitudinal magnetoresistace. Solving a diffusive spin-transport theory with appropriate boundary conditions gives an analytical formula of the longitudinal charge current density. The longitudinal charge current has a term that is proportional to the square of the spin-transfer torque efficiency and that also depends on the ratio of the film thickness to the spin diffusion length of the ferromagnet. Extracting this contribution from measurements of the longitudinal resistivity as a function of the thickness can give the spin-transfer torque efficiency.

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arXiv2016

Phenomenological spin transport theory driven by anomalous Nernst effect

Several experimental efforts such as material investigation and structure improvement have been made recently to find a large anomalous Nernst effect in ferromagnetic metals. Here, we develop a theory of spin transport driven by the anomalous Nernst effect in a diffusive ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic multilayer. Starting from a phenomenological formula of a spin-dependent electric current, the theoretical formulas of electric voltage and spin torque generated by the anomalous Nernst effect are derived. The magnitude of the electric voltage generated from the spin current via the inverse spin Hall effect is on the order of $0.1$ $μ$V for currently available experimental parameter values. The temperature gradient necessary to switch the magnetization is quite larger than the typical experimental value. The separation of the contributions of the Seebeck and transverse spin Seebeck effects is also discussed.

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arXiv2016

Current-Induced Instability of a Perpendicular Ferromagnet in Spin Hall Geometry

We develop a theoretical formula of spin Hall torque in the presence of two ferromagnets. While the direction of the conventional spin Hall torque always points to the in-plane direction, the present system enables to manipulate the torque direction acting on one magnetization by changing the direction of another magnetization. Based on the diffusion equation of the spin accumulation and the Landauer formula, we derive analytical formula of the spin Hall torque. The present model provides a solution to switch a perpendicular ferromagnet deterministically at zero field using the spin Hall effect.

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arXiv2016

Joule heating in spin Hall geometry

The theoretical formula for the entropy production rate in the presence of spin current is derived using the spin-dependent transport equation and thermodynamics. This theory is applicable regardless of the source of the spin current, for example, an electric field, a temperature gradient, or the Hall effect. It reproduces the result in a previous work on the dissipation formula when the relaxation time approximation is applied to the spin relaxation rate. By using the developed theory, it is found that the dissipation in spin Hall geometry has a contribution proportional to the square of the spin Hall angle.

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arXiv2016

Crossover between fast and slow excitation of magnetization by spin torque

A crossover between two mechanisms destabilizing the magnetization in equilibrium by the spin transfer effect is found in a ferromagnetic multilayer consisting of an in-plane magnetized free layer and a perpendicularly magnetized pinned layer, where an in-plane magnetic field is applied, and electric current flows from the pinned to the free layer. A fast transition from the in-plane to the out-of-plane state occurs in the low-field region, whereas a slow transition with small-amplitude oscillation becomes dominant in the high-field region. On the other hand, only the fast transition mechanism appears for the opposite current direction.

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arXiv2016

Instability analysis of spin torque oscillator with an in-plane magnetized free layer and a perpendicularly magnetized pinned layer

We study the theoretical conditions to excite a stable self-oscillation in a spin torque oscillator with an in-plane magnetized free layer and a perpendicularly magnetized pinned layer in the presence of magnetic field pointing in an arbitrary direction. The linearized Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation is found to be inapplicable to evaluate the threshold between the stable and self-oscillation states because the critical current density estimated from the linearized equation is considerably larger than that found in the numerical simulation. We derive a theoretical formula of the threshold current density by focusing on the energy gain of the magnetization from the spin torque during a time shorter than a precession period. A good agreement between the derived formula and the numerical simulation is obtained. The condition to stabilize the out-of-plane self-oscillation above the threshold is also discussed.

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arXiv2016

Magnetization switching by current and microwaves

We propose a theoretical model of magnetization switching in a ferromagnetic multilayer by both electric current and microwaves. The electric current gives a spin transfer torque on the magnetization, while the microwaves induce a precession of the magnetization around the initial state. Based on numerical simulation of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation, it is found that the switching current is significantly reduced compared with the switching caused solely by the spin transfer torque when the microwave frequency is in a certain range. We develop a theory of switching from the LLG equation averaged over a constant energy curve. It was found that the switching current should be classified into four regions, depending on the values of the microwave frequency. Based on the analysis, we derive an analytical formula of the optimized frequency minimizing the switching current, which is smaller than the ferromagnetic resonance frequency. We also derive an analytical formula of the minimized switching current. Both the optimized frequency and the minimized switching current decrease with increasing the amplitude of the microwave field. The results will be useful to achieve high thermal stability and low switching current in spin torque systems simultaneously.

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arXiv2015

Magnetization switching by microwaves initially rotating in opposite direction to precession

A common understanding of magnetization switching in microwave-assisted magnetization reversal is that the rotation direction of the microwaves should be the same with the precession direction of the magnetization. In this letter however, we show that microwaves initially rotating opposite to the magnetization precession destabilize the magnetization at an equilibrium and induces the switching more efficiently, when the microwave frequency depends on time. This argument is analytically deduced from energy balance equation. We also establish a model satisfying this condition, and confirm magnetization switching solely by microwaves by using numerical simulation.

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arXiv2015

Stable oscillation in spin torque oscillator excited by a small in-plane magnetic field

Theoretical conditions to excite self-oscillation in a spin torque oscillator consisting of a perpendicularly magnetized free layer and an in-plane magnetized pinned layer are investigated by analytically solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The analytical relation between the current and oscillation frequency is derived. It is found that a large amplitude oscillation can be excited by applying a small field pointing to the direction anti-parallel to the magnetization of the pinned layer. The validity of the analytical results is confirmed by comparing with numerical simulation, showing good agreement especially in a low current region.

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