arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Tord Riemann.
aITALC, a new tool for automating loop calculations in high energy physics, is described. The package creates Fortran code for two-fermion scattering processes automatically, starting from the generation and analysis of the Feynman graphs. We describe the modules of the tool, the intercommunication between them and illustrate its use with three examples.
Recent experimental results suggest that the neutrinos of the Standard Model are massive, though light. Therefore they may mix with each other giving rise to lepton flavour or even lepton number violating processes, depending on whether they are Dirac or Majorana particles. Furthermore, the lightness of the observed neutrinos may be explained by the existence of heavy ones, whose effects on LFV would be very sizeable. We present an analysis of the effect of massive neutrinos on flavour-changing decays of the Z boson into leptons, at the one-loop level, independent of neutrino mass models. Constraints from present experiments are taken into account.
We discuss 2f production at LC energies (f \neq t). This type of reaction has a big event number and may give interesting hints to the existence and perhaps to details of New Physics like susy, LQ, Z', etc. {For} any search the radiative corrections have to be controlled carefully. An interesting challenge for theoreticians could also be the Giga-Z option of the TESLA project.
The differential cross-sections for processes of the type e+ e- to W+ W- to l nu q anti-q are determined with account of background contributions and of anomalous triple gauge boson couplings. Analytic expressions for dsigma/ds1 ds2 dcostheta, where theta is the production angle of the W boson, are numerically integrated with the Fortran package GENTLE. QED corrections are taken into account in the leading logarithmic approximation. The importance of the various contributions is studied for center-of-mass energies of 190 GeV, 500 GeV, and 1 TeV.
The Z line shape is measured at LEP with an accuracy at the per mille level. Usually it is described in the Standard Model of electroweak interactions with account of quantum corrections. Alternatively, one may attempt different model-independent approaches in order to extract quantities like mass and width of the Z boson. If a fit deviates from that in the standard approach, this may give hints for New Physics contributions. I describe two model-independent approaches and compare their applications to LEP data with the Standard Model approach.
The Z line shape is measured at LEP with an accuracy at the per mille level. Usually it is described in the Standard Model of electroweak interactions with account of quantum corrections. Alternatively, one may attempt different model-independent approaches in order to extract quantities like mass and width of the Z boson. If a fit deviates from that in the standard approach, this may give hints for New Physics contributions. I describe two model-independent approaches and compare their applications to LEP data with the Standard Model approach.
We describe the state of the art in the field of radiative corrections for deep inelastic scattering. Different methods of calculation of radiative corrections are reviewed. Some new results for QED radiative corrections for polarized deep inelastic scattering at HERA are presented. A comparison of results obtained by the codes POLRAD and HECTOR is given for the kinematic regime of the HERMES experiment. Recent results on radiative corrections to deep inelastic scattering with tagged photons are briefly discussed.
We calculate distributions for tau+ tau- gamma production at LEP 1 taking into account a potentially existing anomalous magnetic moment a_tau of the tau lepton. The existing upper limits for |a_tau| are known from the dependence of the decay Z -> tau+ tau- gamma on (a_tau)^2 and are of the order of (1 - 5)%. We show that such limits are also sensitive to linear terms in a_tau, which are of equal importance at |a_tau| ~ (1 - 2)% and dominate below this value. Contributions from an electric dipole moment d_tau do not interfere with the electromagnetic vertex or with the anomalous magnetic moment. Appropriate formulae are derived.
We study Standard Model four-fermion production in e+ e- annihilation at LEP2 energies and above using a semi-analytical approach. We derive the complete QED initial state corrections (ISR) to the reactions e+e- -> ZZ -> $f_1\bar{f_1}f_2\bar{f_2}$ and e+e- -> W+W- -> ${\bar f}_1^u f_1^d f_2^u {\bar f}_2^d$ with $f_1\neq f_2$~and $f_i \neq e^\pm, ν_e$. As compared to the well-known universal s-channel ISR, additional complexity arises due to non-universal, process-dependent ISR contributions from t- and u-channel fermion exchanges. The full set of formulae needed to perform numerical calculations is given together with samples of numerical results.
The various four-fermion production channels in $e^+ e^-$ annihilation are discussed and the {\tt CC11} process $e^+ e^- \rightarrow {\bar f}_1^u f_1^d f^u_2 {\bar f}_2^d$, {\mbox{$f$$\neq$$e$}}, is studied in detail. The cross section $d^2σ/ds_1ds_2$, with $s_1,s_2$ being the invariant masses squared of the two fermion pairs, may be expressed by six generic functions. All but one may be found in the literature. The cross section, including initial state radiation and the Coulomb correction, is discussed and compared with other calculations from low energies up to $\sqrt{s}$ = 2 ~TeV.
We analyze the $Z$ line shape assuming the existence of an analytic, unitary S-matrix. As an example, from hadron production at LEP we determine $M_{Z}=91.134 \pm 0.020 \pm 0.020 \: ({\rm LEP})$ GeV, $Γ_{Z}=2.506 \pm 0.018$ GeV. This is in accordance with earlier results after performing a shift of the $Z$ mass value of about $\frac{1}{2}Γ_Z^2/M_Z = 34$ MeV. The cross section and related observables may be described by a small number of additional degrees of freedom without relying on a specific field-theoretic model.
We present a method for a common treatment of $Z'$ exchange, QED corrections, and weak loops in $e^+ e^-$ annihilation. QED corrections are taken into account by convoluting a hard-scattering cross section containing $γ,\ Z,$ and $Z'$ exchange. Weak corrections and $ZZ'$ mixing are treated simultaneously by a generalization of weak form factors. Using the properly extended Standard Model program for the $Z$ line shape, ZFITTER, we perform and compare two different analyses of the 1990 LEP~I data in terms of theories based on the E$_6$-group and in terms of LR-symmetric models. From the LEP~I data alone, the $ZZ'$ mixing angle may be limited to $|θ_M| \le 0.01$ and the $Z'$ mass to $M_2 > 118$--148 GeV, depending on the model (95\%~CL).
A simple model-independent formula for cross-section asymmetries $A$ in fermion-pair production is derived, which may be used for the analysis of LEP~1 data, $A = \sum_n A_n (s - M_Z^2)^n$. The coefficient $A_0$ depends on the $Z$ boson exchange, $A_1$ additionally on the $γZ$ interference, while the higher-order contributions are practically redundant. QED corrections are taken into account, and relations to other approaches are indicated.
Predictions for Higgs production with processes of the type $e^+ e^- \rightarrow μ{\bar μ}\;b\bar b $ at LEP~2 and the NLC are calculated. Short analytical formulae describe the double differential distribution in the invariant masses of the $μ\bar μ$ and $b \bar{b}$ pairs. The total cross section may be got with two numerical integrations. The various Higgs-background interferences vanish either identically or are small. The background contributions depend strongly on cuts applied on the invariant masses.
At LEP~1, cross sections and cross section asymmetries may be analysed model independently. Cross sections depend on four, asymmetries on two free parameters. As an example, I discuss the model independent $Z$ boson mass determination from the $Z$ line shape and compare it to the Standard Model approach.
A cross-section calculation for the Standard Model reaction $e^+e^- \rightarrow (Z^0Z^0) \rightarrow f_1\bar{f_1}f_2\bar{f_2}$ including the effects of the finite $Z^0$~width and initial state radiative corrections is presented. The angular phase space integrations are performed analytically, leaving the invariant masses for numerical integration. Semi-analytical and numerical results in the energy range $\sqrt{s}=150\;GeV$ to $1\;TeV$ are reported.
The cross sections for the reaction $e^+ e^- \rightarrow l \bar l q \bar q $ and for similar four fermion production processes at LEP~1, LEP~2 and the NLC are calculated. Due to the extraordinary symmetry properties of the process, very compact analytical formulae describe the double differential distributions in the invariant masses of the $l \bar l$ and $q \bar{q}$ pairs. The total cross sections may be obtained with two numerical integrations.