arXiv subjects

Toshifumi Yamada

Publications and source records attributed to Toshifumi Yamada.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2016

Proton Decay Prediction in 5D Gauge-Higgs Unification

The Higgs boson mass and top quark mass imply that the Higgs quartic coupling vanishes around the scale of $10^9 - 10^{13}$ GeV, depending on the precise value of the top quark mass. The vanishing quartic coupling can be naturally addressed if the Higgs field originates from a 5-dimensional gauge field and the 5th dimension is compactified at the scale of the vanishing Higgs quartic coupling, which is a scenario based on gauge-Higgs unification. We present a general prediction of the scenario on the proton decay process $p \to π^0 e^+$. In many gauge-Higgs unification models, the 1st generation fermions are localized towards an orbifold fixed point in order to realize the realistic Yukawa couplings. Hence, four-fermion operators responsible for the proton decay can appear with a suppression of the 5-dimensional Planck scale (not the 4-dimensional Planck scale). Since the 5-dimensional Planck scale is connected to the compactification scale, we have a correlation between the proton partial decay width and the top quark mass. We show that the future Hyper-Kamiokande experiment may discover the proton decay if the top quark pole mass is larger than about 172.5 GeV.

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arXiv2016

Searches of exotic Higgs bosons in general mass spectra of the Georgi-Machacek model at the LHC

We derive the most general sets of viable mass spectra of the exotic Higgs bosons in the Georgi-Machacek model that are consistent with the theoretical constraints of vacuum stability and perturbative unitarity and the experimental constraints of electroweak precision observables, $Zb \bar b$ coupling and Higgs boson signal strengths. Branching ratios of various cascade decay channels of the doubly-charged Higgs boson in the ${\bf 5}$ representation, the singly-charged Higgs boson in ${\bf 3}$, and the singlet Higgs boson are further computed. As one of the most promising channels for discovering the model, we study the prospects for detecting the doubly-charged Higgs boson that is produced via the vector boson fusion process and decays into final states containing a pair of same-sign leptons at the 14-TeV LHC and a 100-TeV future $pp$ collider. For this purpose, we evaluate acceptance times efficiency for signals of the doubly-charged Higgs boson with general viable mass spectra and compare it with the standard model background estimates.

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arXiv2015

An equal-velocity scenario for hiding dark matter at the LHC

We consider a light supersymmetric top quark (stop) scenario, where a stop and a neutralino are the lightest supersymmetric particles and the stop mass is close to the sum of the neutralino mass and the top quark mass. In this scenario, the top quark and the neutralino coming from the decay of a stop have almost equal velocity vectors, and hence the missing transverse momentum in stop pair production events at colliders is suppressed, which makes the stop search challenging, as in the degenerate scenario where the stop mass and the neutralino mass are nearby. In this paper, we propose a novel analysis technique aiming at discovering the stop pair production signal in such an `equal-velocity' scenario. The key is to look for events where the missing transverse momentum vector is proportional to the transverse momentum vector of the top quark pair with specific values for the proportionality coefficient, as this coefficient equals to the ratio of the neutralino mass over the top quark mass in the equal-velocity limit. We examine the possibility that the stop signal can be identified at the 14 TeV LHC by our analysis method.

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arXiv2014

T-odd Asymmetry in W+jet Events at the LHC

W bosons produced at high transverse momentum in hadron collisions can have polarization along the direction perpendicular to the production plane, which is odd under na$\ddotı$ve-T-reversal where both the three-momenta and angular momenta are reversed. Perturbative QCD predicts non-zero polarization at the one-loop level, which can be measured as parity-odd components in the angular distribution of charged leptons from the decay of W bosons. We perform a detector-level simulation with the generator MadGraph5_aMC@NLO, and demonstrate that the asymmetry can be observed at the 8 TeV LHC with 20 fb$^{-1}$ of data. If confirmed, it will be the first experimental measurement of the sign of the imaginary part of one-loop QCD amplitudes.

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arXiv2014

3.5-keV X-ray line from nearly-degenerate WIMP dark matter decays

The unidentified emission line at the energy of $\sim$3.5~keV observed in X-rays from galaxy clusters may originate from a process involving a dark matter particle. On the other hand, a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) has been an attractive dark matter candidate, due to its well-understood thermal production mechanism and its connection to physics at the TeV scale. In this paper, we pursue the possibility that the 3.5-keV X-ray arises from a late time decay of a WIMP dark matter into another WIMP dark matter, both of which have the mass of $O(100)$~GeV and whose mass splitting is about 3.5~keV. We focus on the simplest case where there are two Majorana dark matter particles and two charged scalars that couple with a standard model matter particle. By assuming a hierarchical structure in the couplings of the two dark matter particles and two charged scalars, it is possible to explain the 3.5-keV line and realize the WIMP dark matter scenario at the same time. Since the effective coupling of the two different Majorana dark matter particles and one photon violates CP symmetry, the model always contains a new source of CP violation, so the model's connection to the physics of electric dipole moments is discussed. The model's peculiar signatures at the LHC are also studied. We show the prospect of detecting the charged scalars through a detailed collider simulation.

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arXiv2014

Isospin-Violating Dark Matter at the LHC

We consider a toy model of dark matter (DM) with a gauge singlet Dirac fermion that has contact interactions to quarks that differ for right-handed up and down quarks. This is motivated by the isospin-violating dark matter scenario that was proposed to reconcile reported hints of direct DM detection with bounds from non-observation of the signal in other experiments. We discuss how the effects of isospin violation in these couplings can be observed at the LHC. By studying events with large missing transverse momentum, we show that the ratio of mono-photon and mono-jet events is sensitive to the ratio of the absolute values of the couplings to the up and down quarks, while a dedicated study of di-jet plus missing transverse momentum events can reveal their relative sign. We also consider how our results are modified if instead of a contact interaction, a particle that mediates the interaction is introduced. Our methods have broad applicability to new physics that involves unequal couplings to up and down quarks.

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arXiv2014

Electroweak Phase Transition in Georgi-Machacek Model

The Georgi-Machacek model extends the standard model Higgs sector by adding two isospin triplet scalar fields and imposing global SU(2)$_R$ symmetry on them. A feature of the model is that the triplets can acquire a large vacuum expectation value without conflicting with the current experimental bound on the $ρ$ parameter. We investigate the electroweak phase transition in the Georgi-Machacek model by evaluating the finite-temperature effective potential of the Higgs sector. The electroweak phase transition can be sufficiently strong in a large parameter space when the triplets acquire a vacuum expectation value of $O(10)$ GeV, opening a possibility to realize successful electroweak baryogenesis.

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arXiv2013

A UV complete model for radiative seesaw and electroweak baryogenesis based on the SUSY gauge theory

In a class of supersymmetric gauge theories with asymptotic freedom, the low energy effective theory below the confinement scale is described by the composite superfields of the fundamental representation fields. Based on the supersymmetric gauge theory with N_c=2 and N_f=3 with an additional unbroken Z_2 symmetry, we propose a new model where neutrino masses, dark matter, and baryon asymmetry of the Universe can be simultaneously explained by physics below the confinement scale. This is an example for the ultraviolet complete supersymmetric extension of so-called radiative seesaw scenarios with first-order phase transition required for successful electroweak baryogenesis. We show that there are benchmark points where all the neutrino data, the lepton flavor violation data, and the LHC data are satisfied. We also briefly discuss Higgs phenomenology in this model.

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arXiv2013

Simple fermionic dark matter models and Higgs boson couplings

We consider a simple extension of the Standard Model (SM) that incorporates a Majorana fermion dark matter and a charged scalar particle with a coupling to the SM leptons through renormalizable terms. Another renormalizable term involving the charged scalar and the Higgs boson gives rise to interactions between the dark matter and SM quarks at the one-loop level, which induce the elastic scatterings between dark matter and nucleus. The same term also affects the effective coupling of the Higgs boson to diphoton through a one-loop diagram with the charged scalar. Therefore, our model predicts a correlation between the spin-independent cross section for dark matter-nucleus elastic scatterings and a new contribution to the effective Higgs boson coupling to diphoton. When the spin-dependent cross section is large enough to be tested in future direct dark matter detection experiments, the Higgs-diphoton decay rate shows a sizable deviation from the SM prediction. We also consider the case where the fermion dark matter is a Dirac particle. Most of discussions is similar to the Majorana case, but we find that the magnetic dipole moment of the Dirac fermion dark matter is loop-induced and this interaction dominates the spin-independent cross section for dark matter-nucleus elastic scatterings. We find that the resultant cross section is about an order of magnitude below the current experimental bound and hence can be tested in the near future.

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arXiv2013

SUSY Extended Higgs Sector and SUSY Strong Dynamics

We consider an extended Higgs sector that arises as a low-energy description of a strongly-coupled SUSY gauge theory. This model predicts the presence of extra superfields that couple with the Higgs superfields through large coupling constants. Large radiative corrections involving the extra fields can realize strongly first order electroweak phase transition, which is a vital requirement for electroweak baryogenesis scenario. At the same time, the large radiative corrections lead to significant deviations in the Higgs boson triple coupling and Higgs-to-diphoton branching ratio, which are testable at the ILC.

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arXiv2013

Electroweak phase transition and Higgs boson couplings in the model based on supersymmetric strong dynamics

We discuss a strongly-coupled extended Higgs sector with the 126 GeV Higgs boson, which is a low-energy effective theory of the supersymmetric SU(2)$_H$ gauge thoery that causes confinement. In this effective theory, we study the parameter region where electroweak phase transition is of strongly first order, as required for successful electroweak baryogenesis. In such a parameter region, the model has a Landau pole at the order of 10 TeV, which corresponds to the confinement scale of the SU(2)$_H$ gauge theory. We find that the large coupling constant which blows up at the Landau pole results in large non-decoupling loop effects on low-energy observables, such as the Higgs-photon-photon vertex and the triple Higgs boson vertex. As phenomenological consequences of electroweak baryogenesis in our model, the Higgs-to-diphoton branching ratio is about 20% smaller while the triple Higgs boson coupling is more than about 20% larger than the standard model predictions. Such deviations may be detectable in future collider experiments.

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arXiv2013

Null radiation zone at the LHC

The null radiation zone theorem states that, when special kinematical conditions are satisfied, all the helicity amplitudes of a parton-level subprocess where a vector current is emitted vanish due to destructive interference among different diagrams. We study the manifestation of the theorem in $pp$ collisions at the $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV LHC. The theorem predicts that the cross section for $p p \rightarrow j j γ$ events is suppressed when the transverse momenta of the two jets are similar and when the rapidity difference between the photon and the cluster of the jets is nearly zero, because the $u u \rightarrow u u γ$ subprocess, which dominates in events with large $j j γ$ invaraint mass, has strong destructive interference in this region. We confirm this prediction by the calculation with MadGraph 5, and show that the suppression on the $p p \rightarrow j j γ$ cross section is observable at the LHC.

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arXiv2012

Minimal Flavor Violation in the Minimal U(1)_{B-L} Model and Resonant Leptogenesis

We investigate the resonant leptogenesis scenario in the minimally $U(1)_{B-L}$ extended standard model with minimal flavor violation. In our model, the $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge symmetry is broken at the TeV scale and standard model singlet neutrinos gain Majorana masses of order TeV. In addition, we introduce a flavor symmetry on the singlet neutrinos at a scale higher than TeV. The flavor symmetry is explicitly broken by the neutrino Dirac Yukawa coupling, which induces splittings in the singlet neutrino Majorana masses at lower scales through renormalization group evolutions. We call this setup "minimal flavor violation". The mass-splittings are proportional to the tiny Dirac Yukawa coupling, and hence they automatically enhance the CP asymmetry parameter necessary for the resonant leptogenesis mechanism. In this paper, we calculate the baryon number yield by solving the Boltzmann equations, including the effects of $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge boson that also has TeV scale mass and causes washing-out of the singlet neutrinos in the course of thermal leptogenesis. The Dirac Yukawa coupling for neutrinos is fixed in terms of neutrino oscillation data and an arbitrary $3 \times 3$ complex-valued orthogonal matrix. We show that the right amount of baryon number asymmetry can be achieved through thermal leptogenesis in the context of the minimal flavor violation with singlet neutrinos and $U(1)_{B-L}$ gauge boson at the TeV scale. These particles can be discovered at the LHC in the near future.

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arXiv2012

A light Higgs scenario based on the TeV-scale supersymmetric strong dynamics

We consider a model based on the supersymmetric QCD theory with N_c=2 and N_f=3. The theory is strongly coupled at the infrared scale Λ_H. Its low energy effective theory below Λ_H is described by the supersymmetric standard model with the Higgs sector that contains four iso-spin doublets, two neutral iso-spin singlets and two charged iso-spin singlets. If Λ_H is at the multi-TeV to 10 TeV, coupling constants for the F-terms of these composite fields are relatively large at the electroweak scale. Nevertheless, the SM-like Higgs boson is predicted to be as light as 125 GeV because these F-terms contribute to the mass of the SM-like Higgs boson not at the tree level but at the one-loop level. A large non-decoupling effect due to these F-terms appears in the one-loop correction to the triple Higgs boson coupling, which amounts to a few tens percent. Such a non-decoupling property in the Higgs potential realizes the strong first order phase transition, which is required for a successful scenario of electroweak baryogenesis.

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arXiv2011

Observing Signals of the Bulk Matter RS Model through Rare Decays of SUSY Particles

The bulk matter Randall-Sundrum (RS) model is a setup where Standard Model (SM) matter and gauge fields reside in the bulk of 5D warped spacetime while the Higgs field is confined on the IR brane. The wavefunctions of the 1st and 2nd generation matter particles are localized towards the UV brane and those of the 3rd generation towards the IR brane, so that the hierarchical structure of the Yukawa couplings arises geometrically without hierarchy in fundamental parameters. This paper discusses an experimental test of this model in the case where the Kaluza-Klein scale is far above the collider scale, but the model is combined with 5D Minimal SUSY Standard Model (MSSM) and SUSY particles are in the reach of collider experiments. A general SUSY breaking mass spectrum consistent with the bulk matter RS model is considered: SUSY breaking sector locates on the IR brane and its effects are mediated to 5D MSSM through a hybrid of gravity mediation, gaugino mediation and gauge mediation. This paper argues that it is possible to observe the signals of the bulk matter RS model through rare decays of "almost SU(2) singlet mass eigenstates" that are induced by flavor-violating gravity mediation contributions to matter soft SUSY breaking terms.

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arXiv2011

Gaugino Mediation Combined with the Bulk Matter Randall-Sundrum Model

We investigate a simple 5D extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric (SUSY) Standard Model (SM) that is combined with the bulk matter Randall-Sundrum (RS) model, which gives a natural explanation the Yukawa coupling hierarchy. In this model, matter and gauge superfields reside in the 5D bulk while a SUSY breaking sector and the Higgs doublet superfields are localized on the infrared brane. The Yukawa coupling hierarchy in SM can be naturally explained through the wavefunction localization of the matter superfields. While sparticles obtain their flavor-blind soft SUSY breaking masses dominantly from the gaugino-mediated SUSY breaking, flavor-violating soft terms arise through the gravity-mediated SUSY breaking which are controlled by the wavefunction localization of the matter superfields. This structure of the model allows us to predict the sparticle mass spectrum including flavor-violating terms. We first explicitly determine the 5D disposition of matter superfields from the low energy experimental data on SM fermion masses, CKM matrix and the neutrino oscillation parameters. Then, we calculate particle mass spectra and estimate the effects of the flavor-violating soft terms, which should be compared with the current experimental constraints. With gravitino being the lightest sparticle (LSP), the next-to-LSP, which is long-lived, is predicted most likely to be either singlet smuon-like or selectron-like. The model can be tested at collider experiments through flavor-violating processes involving sparticles. The flavor structure among sparticle, once observed, gives us a clue to deep understanding of the origin of Yukawa coupling hierarchy.

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arXiv2009

The PAMELA and Fermi signals from long-lived Kaluza-Klein dark matter

We propose a simple extension of the minimal universal extra dimension (UED)model by introducing a small curvature. The model is formulated as a small anti-de Sitter curvature limit of the five-dimensional standard model (SM) in the Randall-Sundrum background geometry. While the lightest Kaluza-Klein (KK) particle can be thermal relic dark matter as usual in the UED model, the KK-parity is explicitly broken in the presence of the small curvature and the KK dark matter decays into the SM fermions with a long lifetime. Couplings of the KK dark matter with SM fermion pairs in the five dimensional bulk are controlled by fermion bulk masses. With a suitable choice of bulk masses for leptons and quarks, the KK dark matter through its decay into leptons can account for the cosmic-ray electron/positron excesses reported by the recent PAMELA and FERMI satellite experiments, while suppressing the decay into quarks.

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