arXiv subjects

Tsutomu Kobayashi

Publications and source records attributed to Tsutomu Kobayashi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

arXiv2010

CMB Polarization in Einstein-Aether Theory

We study the impact of modifying the vector sector of gravity on the CMB polarization. We employ the Einstein-aether theory as a concrete example. The Einstein-aether theory admits dynamical vector perturbations generated during inflation, leaving imprints on the CMB polarization. We derive the perturbation equations of the aether vector field in covariant formalism and compute the CMB B-mode polarization using the modified CAMB code. It is found that the amplitude of the B-mode signal from the aether field can surpass the one from the inflationary gravitational waves. The shape of the spectrum is clearly understood in an analytic way using the tight coupling approximation.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2010

Higgs G-inflation

A new class of inflation models within the context of G-inflation is proposed, in which the standard model Higgs boson can act as an inflaton thanks to Galileon-like non-linear derivative interaction. The generated primordial density perturbation is shown to be consistent with the present observational data. We also make a general discussion on potential-driven G-inflation models, and find a new consistency relation between the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ and the tensor spectral index $n_T$, $r = -32 \sqrt{6}n_T / 9$, which is crucial in discriminating the present models from standard inflation with a canonical kinetic term.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2010

G-inflation: inflation driven by the Galileon field

We propose a new class of inflation model, G-inflation, which has a Galileon-like nonlinear derivative interaction of the form $G(ϕ, (\nablaϕ)^2)\Boxϕ$ in the Lagrangian with the resultant equations of motion being of second order. It is shown that (almost) scale-invariant curvature fluctuations can be generated even in the exactly de Sitter background and that the tensor-to-scalar ratio can take a significantly larger value than in the standard inflation models, violating the standard consistency relation. Furthermore, violation of the null energy condition can occur without any instabilities. As a result, the spectral index of tensor modes can be blue, which makes it easier to observe quantum gravitational waves from inflation by the planned gravitational-wave experiments such as LISA and DECIGO as well as by the upcoming CMB experiments such as Planck and CMBpol.

hep-th↗

arXiv2010

A note on observational signatures in superluminal unified dark matter models

We explore the possibility that the dark matter and dark energy are mimicked by a single fluid or by a single $k$-essence-like scalar field. The so called Chaplygin gas unified dark matter models can reproduce the observed matter power spectrum by adding a baryon component. It has been argued that the evolution of the baryon fluctuations is particularly favoured for the "superluminal" case where the sound speed of the Chaplygin gas exceeds the speed of light at late times, as well as for the models with the negligibly small sound speed. In this note we compute the integrated Sachs-Wolfe signal in the Chaplygin gas models, focusing on the superluminal case which has not been investigated before because of the premature understanding of causality. It is shown that the superluminal model leads to large enhancement of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, which is inconsistent with the CMB measurements.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2010

Oscillating Universe in Horava-Lifshitz Gravity

We study the dynamics of isotropic and homogeneous universes in the generalized Hořava-Lifshitz gravity, and classify all possible evolutions of vacuum spacetime. In the case without the detailed balance condition, we find a variety of phase structures of vacuum spacetimes depending on the coupling constants as well as the spatial curvature $K$ and a cosmological constant $Λ$. A bounce universe solution is obtained for $Λ> 0, K=\pm 1$ or $Λ= 0, K=- 1$, while an oscillation spacetime is found for $Λ\geq 0, K=1$, or $Λ< 0, K=\pm 1$. We also propose a quantum tunneling scenario from an oscillating spacetime to an inflationary universe, resulting in a macroscopic cyclic universe.

hep-th↗

arXiv2010

Cosmic expansion and growth histories in Galileon scalar-tensor models of dark energy

We study models of late-time cosmic acceleration in terms of scalar-tensor theories generalized to include a certain class of non-linear derivative interaction of the scalar field. The non-linear effect suppress the scalar-mediated force at short distances to pass solar-system tests of gravity. It is found that the expansion history until today is almost indistinguishable from that of the $Λ$CDM model or some (phantom) dark energy models, but the fate of the universe depends clearly on the model parameter. The growth index of matter density perturbations is computed to show that its past asymptotic value is given by 9/16, while the value today is as small as 0.4.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2010

Cosmological perturbations in a healthy extension of Horava gravity

In Horava's theory of gravity, Lorentz symmetry is broken in exchange for renormalizability, but the original theory has been argued to be plagued with problems associated with a new scalar mode stemming from the very breaking of Lorentz symmetry. Recently, Blas, Pujolas, and Sibiryakov have proposed a healthy extension of Horava gravity, in which the behavior of the scalar mode is improved. In this paper, we study scalar modes of cosmological perturbations in extended Horava gravity. The evolution of metric and density perturbations is addressed analytically and numerically. It is shown that for vanishing non-adiabatic pressure of matter the large scale evolution of cosmological perturbations converges to that described by a single constant, $ζ$, which is an analog of a curvature perturbation on the uniform-density slicing commonly used in usual gravitational theories. The subsequent evolution is thus determined completely by the value of $ζ$.

hep-th↗

arXiv2010

Evolution of linear cosmological perturbations and its observational implications in Galileon-type modified gravity

A scalar-tensor theory of gravity can be made not only to account for the current cosmic acceleration, but also to satisfy solar-system and laboratory constraints, by introducing a non-linear derivative interaction for the scalar field. Such an additional scalar degree of freedom is called "Galileon". The basic idea is inspired by the DGP braneworld, but one can construct a ghost-free model that admits a self-accelerating solution. We perform a fully relativistic analysis of linear perturbations in Galileon cosmology. Although the Galileon model can mimic the background evolution of standard $Λ$CDM cosmology, the behavior of perturbation is quite different. It is shown that there exists a super-horizon growing mode in the metric and Galileon perturbations at early times, suggesting that the background is unstable. A fine-tuning of the initial condition for the Galileon fluctuation is thus required in order to promote a desirable evolution of perturbations at early times. Assuming the safe initial condition, we then compute the late-time evolution of perturbations and discuss observational implications in Galileon cosmology. In particular, we find anticorrelations in the cross-correlation of the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect and large scale structure, similar to the normal branch of the DGP model.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2009

Large scale evolution of the curvature perturbation in Horava-Lifshitz cosmology

In the non-relativistic theory of gravity recently proposed by Horava, the Hamiltonian constraint is not satisfied locally at each point in space. The absence of the local Hamiltonian constraint allows the system to have an extra dark-matter-like component as an integration constant. We discuss consequences of this fact in the context of cosmological perturbations, paying a particular attention to the large scale evolution of the curvature perturbation. The curvature perturbation is defined in a gauge invariant manner with this ``dark matter'' taken into account. We then clarify the conditions under which the curvature perturbation is conserved on large scales. This is done by using the evolution equations.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2009

Breaking the scale invariance of the primordial power spectrum in Horava-Lifshitz Cosmology

We study the spectral tilt of primordial perturbations in Horava-Lifshitz cosmology. The uniform approximation, which is a generalization of the familiar Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) method, is employed to compute the spectral index both numerically and analytically in a closed form. We clarify how the spectral index depends on the inflation model and parameters in the modified dispersion relation.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2009

Primordial magnetic fields from second-order cosmological perturbations: Tight coupling approximation

We explore the possibility of generating large-scale magnetic fields from second-order cosmological perturbations during the pre-recombination era. The key process for this is Thomson scattering between the photons and the charged particles within the cosmic plasma. To tame the multi-component interacting fluid system, we employ the tight coupling approximation. It is shown that the source term for the magnetic field is given by the vorticity, which signals the intrinsically second-order quantities, and the product of the first order perturbations. The vorticity itself is sourced by the product of the first-order quantities in the vorticity evolution equation. The magnetic fields generated by this process are estimated to be $\sim 10^{-29} $Gauss on the horizon scale at the recombination epoch. Although our rough estimate suggests that the current generation mechanism can work even on smaller scales, more careful investigation is needed to make clear whether it indeed works in a wide range of spatial scales.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2009

Cluster formation and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich power spectrum in modified gravity: the case of a phenomenologically extended DGP model

We investigate the effect of modified gravity on cluster abundance and the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich angular power spectrum. Our modified gravity is based on a phenomenological extension of the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model which includes two free parameters characterizing deviation from Lambda-CDM cosmology. Assuming that Birkhoff's theorem gives a reasonable approximation, we study the spherical collapse model of structure formation and show that while the growth function changes to some extent, modified gravity gives rise to no significant change in the linear density contrast at collapse time. The growth function is enhanced in the so called normal branch, while in the "self-accelerating" branch it is suppressed. The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich angular power spectrum is computed in the normal branch, which turns out to be amplified compared to the Lambda-CDM case. This allows us to put observational constraints on the parameters of the modified gravity model using small scale CMB observation data.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2009

Gravitational waves from p-form inflation

Recently it was shown that an inflationary background can be realized by any $p$-form field non-minimally coupled to gravity. In this paper, we study gravitational waves generated during p-form inflation. Even though the background evolution is identical to that in conventional scalar field inflation, the behavior of gravitational waves is different in p-form inflation. In particular, we find that the propagation speed of gravitational waves differs from unity in 2- and 3-form inflationary models. We point out that the squared speed becomes negative in the large field models. The small field models are free from pathologies and the correction to the spectrum of gravitational waves turns out to be very small.

astro-ph.CO↗

arXiv2009

Can higher curvature corrections cure the singularity problem in f(R) gravity?

Although $f(R)$ modified gravity models can be made to satisfy solar system and cosmological constraints, it has been shown that they have the serious drawback of the nonexistence of stars with strong gravitational fields. In this paper, we discuss whether or not higher curvature corrections can remedy the nonexistence consistently. The following problems are shown to arise as the costs one must pay for the $f(R)$ models that allow for neutrons stars: (i) the leading correction must be fine-tuned to have the typical energy scale $μ\lesssim 10^{-19}$ GeV, which essentially comes from the free fall time of a relativistic star; (ii) the leading correction must be further fine-tuned so that it is not given by the quadratic curvature term. The second problem is caused because there appears an intermediate curvature scale and laboratory experiments of gravity will be under the influence of higher curvature corrections. Our analysis thus implies that it is a challenge to construct viable $f(R)$ models without very careful and unnatural fine-tuning.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2008

UV caps, IR modification of gravity, and recovery of 4D gravity in regularized braneworlds

In the context of six-dimensional conical braneworlds we consider a simple and explicit model that incorporates long distance modification of gravity and regularization of codimension-2 singularities. To resolve the conical singularities we replace the codimension-2 branes with ring-like codimension-1 branes, filling in the interiors with regular caps. The six-dimensional Planck scale in the cap is assumed to be much greater than the bulk Planck scale, which gives rise to the effect analogous to brane-induced gravity. Weak gravity on the regularized brane is studied in the case of a sharp conical bulk. We show by a linear analysis that gravity at short distances is effectively described by the four-dimensional Brans-Dicke theory, while the higher dimensional nature of gravity emerges at long distances. The linear analysis breaks down at some intermediate scale, below which four-dimensional Einstein gravity is shown to be recovered thanks to the second-order effects of the brane bending.

hep-th↗

arXiv2008

Relativistic stars in f(R) gravity, and absence thereof

Several f(R) modified gravity models have been proposed which realize the correct cosmological evolution and satisfy solar system and laboratory tests. Although nonrelativistic stellar configurations can be constructed, we argue that relativistic stars cannot be present in such f(R) theories. This problem appears due to the dynamics of the effective scalar degree of freedom in the strong gravity regime. Our claim thus raises doubts on the viability of f(R) models.

astro-ph↗

arXiv2008

Quasinormal modes of black holes localized on the Randall-Sundrum 2-brane

We investigate conformal scalar, electromagnetic, and massless Dirac quasinormal modes of a brane-localized black hole. The background solution is the four-dimensional black hole on a 2-brane that has been constructed by Emparan, Horowitz, and Myers in the context of a lower dimensional version of the Randall-Sundrum model. The conformally transformed metric admits a Killing tensor, allowing us to obtain separable field equations. We find that the radial equations take the same form as in the four-dimensional "braneless" Schwarzschild black hole. The angular equations are, however, different from the standard ones, leading to a different prediction for quasinormal frequencies.

hep-th↗

arXiv2008

Bulk scalar emission from a rotating black hole pierced by a tense brane

We study the emission of scalar fields into the bulk from a six-dimensional rotating black hole pierced by a 3-brane. We determine the angular eigenvalues in the presence of finite brane tension by using the continued fraction method. The radial equation is integrated numerically, giving the absorption probability (graybody factor) in a wider frequency range than in the preexisting literature. We then compute the power and angular momentum emission spectra for different values of the rotation parameter and brane tension, and compare their relative behavior in detail. As is expected from the earlier result for a nonrotating black hole, the finite brane tension suppresses the emission rates. As the rotation parameter increases, the power spectra are reduced at low frequencies due to the smaller Hawking temperature and are enhanced at high frequencies due to superradiance. The angular momentum spectra are enhanced over the whole frequency range as the rotation parameter increases. The spectra and the amounts of energy and angular momentum radiated away into the bulk are thus determined by the interplay of these effects.

hep-th↗