Smale's Mean Value Conjecture and its Dual Conjecture for Complex Polynomials
For the purposes of proving Smale's mean value conjecture, one may restrict consideration to an explicitly described family of so-called Schlicht normalized polynomials. For Schlicht normalized polynomials whose leading coefficient decays sufficiently slowly, we show that the conjectured upper bound $1$ becomes asymptotically valid as the degree $d$ tends to infinity. The key and novel input is a refined Koebe $\frac{1}{4}$-type theorem of Cunningham, tailored to Schlicht functions whose images have bounded logarithmic capacity. For the dual mean value conjecture, we obtain an improvement of Eremenko's Markov-type inequality for regions bounded by polynomial lemniscates on which the polynomial is univalent. As a consequence, we improve the best known unconditional lower bound $\frac{1}{d^2}$ of Dubinin to $\frac{(d-\frac{1}{2})^{1/d}}{d^2}$ for all $d \ge 2$. The strengthened Markov-type inequality constitutes one of the main technical contributions of this paper. Its proof combines the solution to a related extremal problem for the logarithmic capacity of polynomial lemniscates, with the quasi-conformal deformation method introduced by Eremenko and Hayman to establish the connectedness of extremal polynomial lemniscates arising in the Erdos, Herzog and Piranian's problem on maximal lemniscate length.