Searcharxiv⌕ Search

arXiv subjects

Tuen-Wai Ng

Publications and source records attributed to Tuen-Wai Ng.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2022

Rationality of meromorphic functions between real algebraic sets in the plane

We study one variable meromorphic functions mapping a planar real algebraic set $A$ to another real algebraic set in the complex plane. By using the theory of Schwarz reflection functions, we show that for certain $A$, these meromorphic functions must be rational. In particular, when $A$ is the standard unit circle, we obtain an one dimensional analog of Poincaré(1907), Tanaka(1962) and Alexander(1974)'s rationality results for $2m-1$ dimensional sphere in $\mathbb{C}^m$ when $m\ge 2$.

math.CV↗
arXiv2021

Closed-form meromorphic solutions of some third order boundary layer ordinary differential equations

We introduce a general third order non-linear autonomous ODE which covers many ODEs coming from boundary layer problems, like the Falkner-Skan equation and the Cheng-Minkowycz equation. Using Wiman-Valiron theory and complex analytic methods recently developed, for the generic cases, it is shown that all their meromorphic solutions must be rational, or rational in one exponential, and then we find all of them explicitly. For a few non-generic cases, some solutions, which are meromorphic or singlevalued, are also obtained. Our results also explain why it is so difficult to obtain new closed-form solutions of the Falkner-Skan equation.

math.CV↗
arXiv2021

Fridman Function, Injectivity Radius Function and Squeezing Function

Very recently, the Fridman function of a complex manifold $X$ has been identified as a dual of the squeezing function of $X$. In this paper, we prove that the Fridman function for certain hyperbolic complex manifold $X$ is bounded above by the injectivity radius function of $X$. This result also suggests us to use the Fridman function to extend the definition of uniform thickness to higher-dimensional hyperbolic complex manifolds. We also establish an expression for the Fridman function (with respect to the Kobayashi metric) when $X = \mathbb{D} \diagup Γ$ and $Γ$ is a torsion-free discrete subgroup of isometries on the standard open unit disk $\mathbb{D}$. Hence, explicit formulae of the Fridman functions for the annulus $A_r$ and the punctured disk $\mathbb{D}^*$ are derived. These are the first explicit non-constant Fridman functions. Finally, we explore the boundary behaviour of the Fridman functions (with respect to the Kobayashi metric) and the squeezing functions for regular type hyperbolic Riemann surfaces and planar domains respectively.

math.CV↗
arXiv2019

Ax-Schanuel Type Theorems on Functional Transcendence via Nevanlinna Theory

We will apply Nevanlinna Theory to prove several Ax-Schanuel type Theorems for functional transcendence when the exponential map is replaced by other meromorphic functions. We also show that analytic dependence will imply algebraic dependence for certain classes of entire functions. Finally, some links to transcendental number theory and geometric Ax-Schanuel Theorem will be discussed.

math.CV↗
arXiv2017

Nonlinear Loewy Factorizable Algebraic ODEs and Hayman's Conjecture

In this paper, we introduce certain $n$-th order nonlinear Loewy factorizable algebraic ordinary differential equations for the first time and study the growth of their meromorphic solutions in terms of the Nevanlinna characteristic function. It is shown that for generic cases all their meromorphic solutions are elliptic functions or their degenerations and hence their order of growth are at most two. Moreover, for the second order factorizable algebraic ODEs, all the meromorphic solutions of them (except for one case) are found explicitly. This allows us to show that a conjecture proposed by Hayman in 1996 holds for these second order ODEs.

math.CV↗
arXiv2016

Entire holomorphic curves on a Fermat surface of low degree

The purpose of the paper is to study some problems raised by Hayman and Gundersen about the existence of non-trivial entire and meromorphic solutions for the Fermat type functional equation $f^n+g^n+h^n=1$. Hayman showed that no non-trivial meromorphic solutions and entire solutions exist when $n \ge 9$ and $n \ge 7$ respectively. By considering the entire holomorphic curves on the Fermat surface defined by $X^n+Y^n+Z^n=W^n$ on the complex projective space $\mathbb{P}^3$ and applying the method of jet differentials, we show that no non-trivial meromorphic solutions and entire solutions exist when $n \ge 8$ and $n \ge 6$ respectively. In particular, this completes the investigation of non-trivial entire solutions for all $n$ and respectively, meromorphic solutions for all cases except for $n=7$. Finally, for the generalized Fermat type functional equation $f^n+g^m+h^l=1$, we will also prove the non-existence of non-trivial meromorphic solutions when $1/n+1/m+1/l \le 3/8$, giving the strongest result obtained so far.

math.CV↗
arXiv2016

Smale's mean value conjecture for finite Blaschke products

Motivated by a dictionary between polynomials and finite Blaschke products, we study both Smale's mean value conjecture and its dual conjecture for finite Blaschke products in this paper. Our result on the dual conjecture for finite Blaschke products allows us to improve a bound obtained by V. Dubinin and T. Sugawa for the dual mean value conjecture for polynomials.

math.CV↗
arXiv2016

The star-shapedness of a generalized numerical range

Let $\mathcal{H}_n$ be the set of all $n\times n$ Hermitian matrices and $\mathcal{H}^m_n$ be the set of all $m$-tuples of $n\times n$ Hermitian matrices. For $A=(A_1,...,A_m)\in \mathcal{H}^m_n$ and for any linear map $L:\mathcal{H}^m_n\to\mathbb{R}^\ell$, we define the $L$-numerical range of $A$ by \[ W_L(A):=\{L(U^*A_1U,...,U^*A_mU): U\in \mathbb{C}^{n\times n}, U^*U=I_n\}. \] In this paper, we prove that if $\ell\leq 3$, $n\geq \ell$ and $A_1,...,A_m$ are simultaneously unitarily diagonalizable, then $W_L(A)$ is star-shaped with star center at $L\left(\frac{\mathrm{tr} A_1}{n}I_n,...,\frac{\mathrm{tr} A_m}{n}I_n\right)$.

math.FA↗
arXiv2016

Convexity and Star-shapedness of Real Linear Images of Special Orthogonal Orbits

Let $A\in \mathbb{R}^{N\times N}$ and $\mathrm{SO}_n:=\{ U \in \mathbb{R}^{N \times N}:UU^t=I_n,\det U>0\}$ be the set of $n\times n$ special orthogonal matrices. Define the (real) special orthogonal orbit of $A$ by \[ O(A):=\{UAV:U,V\in\mathrm{SO}_n\}. \] In this paper, we show that the linear image of $O(A)$ is star-shaped with respect to the origin for arbitrary linear maps $L:\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}\to\mathbb{R}^\ell$ if $n\geq 2^{\ell-1}$. In particular, for linear maps $L:\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}\to\mathbb{R}^2$ and when $A$ has distinct singular values, we study $B\in O(A)$ such that $L(B)$ is a boundary point of $L(O(A))$. This gives an alternative proof of a result by Li and Tam on the convexity of $L(O(A))$ for linear maps $L:\mathbb{R}^{N\times N}\to\mathbb{R}^2$.

math.FA↗
arXiv2015

Hayman's classical conjecture on some nonlinear second order algebraic ODEs

In this paper, we study the growth, in terms of the Nevanlinna characteristic function, of meromorphic solutions of three types of second order nonlinear algebraic ordinary differential equations. We give all their meromorphic solutions explicitly, and hence show that all of these ODEs satisfy the {\it classical conjecture} proposed by Hayman in 1996.

math.CV↗
arXiv2014

A Three-Dimensional Voting System in Hong Kong

The voting system in the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (Legco) is sometimes unicameral and sometimes bicameral, depending on whether the bill is proposed by the Hong Kong government. Therefore, although without any representative within Legco, the Hong Kong government has certain degree of legislative power --- as if there is a virtual representative of the Hong Kong government within the Legco. By introducing such a virtual representative of the Hong Kong government, we show that Legco is a three-dimensional voting system. We also calculate two power indices of the Hong Kong government through this virtual representative and consider the $C$-dimension and the $W$-dimension of Legco. Finally, some implications of this Legco model to the current constitutional reform in Hong Kong will be given.

cs.GT↗
arXiv2012

Meromorphic traveling wave solutions of the complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation

We look for singlevalued solutions of the squared modulus M of the traveling wave reduction of the complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation. Using Clunie's lemma, we first prove that any meromorphic solution M is necessarily elliptic or degenerate elliptic. We then give the two canonical decompositions of the new elliptic solution recently obtained by the subequation method.

math.CA↗
arXiv2012

Detection and construction of an elliptic solution to the complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation

In evolution equations for a complex amplitude, the phase obeys a much more intricate equation than the amplitude. Nevertheless, general methods should be applicable to both variables. On the example of the traveling wave reduction of the complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGL5), we explain how to overcome the difficulties arising in two such methods: (i) the criterium that the sum of residues of an elliptic solution should be zero, (ii) the construction of a first order differential equation admitting the given equation as a differential consequence (subequation method).

nlin.PS↗