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U. Özdem

Publications and source records attributed to U. Özdem.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
arXiv2026

Elucidating the nature of axial-vector charm-antibottom tetraquark states

Investigating the electromagnetic characteristics of unconventional states may offer new insights into their internal structures. In particular, the magnetic moment attributes may serve as a crucial physical observable for differentiating exotic states with disparate configurations or spin-parity quantum numbers. As a promising avenue for research, encompassing both opportunities and challenges, an in-depth examination of the electromagnetic properties of exotic states is crucial for advancing our understanding of unconventional states. Motivated by this, in this study, the magnetic moments of $ \rm{I(J^{P})} = 1(1^{+})$ $Z_{\bar b c}$ tetraquark states are analyzed in the framework of QCD light-cone sum rules by considering the diquark-antidiquark approximation, designated as type $3_c \otimes \bar 3_c$. Although the tetraquark states examined in this study have nearly identical masses, their magnetic moment results exhibit noticeable discrepancies. This may facilitate the differentiation between quantum numbers associated with states with identical quark content. The results show that heavy quarks overcoming light quarks can determine both the sign and the magnitude of the magnetic moments of these tetraquark states. The numerical results obtained in this study suggest that the magnetic moments of $Z_{\bar b c}$ tetraquark states may reveal aspects of their underlying structure, which could distinguish between their spin-parity quantum numbers and their internal structure. The results obtained regarding the magnetic moments of the $Z_{\bar b c}$ tetraquark states may be checked within the context of different phenomenological approaches.

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arXiv2025

Electromagnetic properties of the $D_{s1}^{+}(2460)$, $D_{s1}^{+}(2536)$, and their bottom partners in a molecular configuration

We investigate the electromagnetic properties of the axial-vector molecular states $D^* K$, $DK^*$, $B^* K$, and $BK^*$, which are used to model the charmed states $D_{s1}^{+}(2460)$, $D_{s1}^{+}(2536)$, and their bottom partners with quantum numbers $J^P = 1^+$. To our knowledge, this presents the first comprehensive calculation of the magnetic and quadrupole moments for these specific molecular configurations. Employing the QCD light-cone sum rule method with molecular-type interpolating currents, we compute these moments and perform a detailed flavor decomposition to reveal the internal distribution of the electromagnetic charge and spin. Our results demonstrate that the light up and down quarks dominate the electromagnetic response, with negligible contributions from the heavy quarks. The $D^* K$ and $B^* K$ states exhibit negative quadrupole moments and slightly oblate charge distributions, whereas the $DK^*$ and $BK^*$ states possess positive quadrupole moments and prolate distributions, with significant contributions from the strange quark. The predicted moments provide benchmarks for lattice QCD calculations and are testable through their influence on radiative transitions and photo- and electro-production observables at high-luminosity facilities, offering crucial insights into the internal structure and nature of these axial-vector states.

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arXiv2025

Unveiling the electromagnetic structure and intrinsic dynamics of spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ hidden-charm pentaquarks: A comprehensive QCD analysis

In this study, we investigate the electromagnetic properties$-$ specifically, the magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole, and magnetic octupole moments$-$ of six hidden-charm pentaquark states: $[u u][d c] \bar c$, $[dd][u c] \bar c$, $[u u][s c] \bar c$, $[dd] [s c] \bar c$, $[s s][u c] \bar c$, and $[s s][d c] \bar c$. Employing the framework of QCD light-cone sum rules and utilizing two distinct diquark-diquark-antiquark interpolating currents, we focus on pentaquark configurations with spin-parity quantum numbers $\mathrm{J^P =\frac{3}{2}^-}$. From the numerical results, we observe significant deviations between the magnetic dipole moment predictions obtained using different diquark-diquark-antidiquark structures. These results suggest that multiple pentaquark states with identical quantum numbers and quark constituents may exhibit distinct magnetic dipole moments, depending on their internal quark configurations. The obtained electromagnetic moments, particularly the variations in magnetic dipole moments, may provide insights into the internal structure of hidden-charm pentaquark states.

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arXiv2025

$D \bar D_1(2420)$ and $D^* \bar D^*(2400)$ molecular states: Probing their electromagnetic fingerprints

As in previous decades, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate internal configuration of hadrons continues to be a central objective within both experimental and theoretical hadron physics. This pursuit plays a pivotal role in advancing our knowledge of QCD and critically evaluating the robustness and accuracy of the theoretical models developed to date. Furthermore, deciphering the underlying mechanisms of exotic states, both those currently observed and those anticipated in future experiments, remains a pressing and unresolved challenge. Motivated by this, in the present study, we investigate the electromagnetic properties of the $D \bar D_1(2420)$ and $D^* \bar D^*(2400)$ molecular tetraquark states with quantum numbers $J^{PC} = 1^{--}$, using the QCD light-cone sum rule method. These states are analyzed within a hadronic molecular framework, where their magnetic and quadrupole moments are computed to probe internal structure and geometric deformation. Our results reveal distinct electromagnetic signatures, with the magnetic moments primarily dominated by light-quark contributions, and the quadrupole moments suggesting an oblate charge distribution. The findings are compared with prior studies assuming compact tetraquark configurations, emphasizing the sensitivity of electromagnetic observables to the underlying hadronic structure. This analysis provides critical insights into the nature of exotic hadrons and contributes to the broader understanding of QCD dynamics in the non-perturbative regime.

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arXiv2025

Probing the electromagnetic structure of the $P_c(4337)^+$ pentaquark: Insights from a diquark-diquark-antiquark picture for $J^P = \frac{1}{2}^-$ and $\frac{3}{2}^-$ states

In this work, the electromagnetic structure of the hidden-charm pentaquark $P_c(4337)$ is investigated within the diquark-diquark-antiquark model using the QCD light-cone sum rule approach. The magnetic moments of the $ P_c(4337) $ state are calculated for the spin-parity assignments $ J^P = \frac{1}{2}^- $ and $\frac{3}{2}^-$. The results are found to be $ μ_{P_c} = 1.76 \pm 0.44~μ_N $ for the $ \frac{1}{2}^- $ case and $ μ_{P_c} = -1.38 \pm 0.35~μ_N $ for the $ \frac{3}{2}^- $ scenario. These findings offer important insights into the internal quark-gluon structure and electromagnetic features of this multiquark system. Beyond their theoretical relevance, the results serve as essential benchmarks for future experimental studies aimed at determining the quantum numbers and underlying configuration of the $ P_c(4337) $. Additionally, the electric quadrupole and magnetic octupole moments of the spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ state are extracted, indicating a non-spherical charge distribution for this exotic pentaquark.

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arXiv2025

Insight into the nature of the $P_{c}(4457)$ and related pentaquarks

We systematically study the electromagnetic properties of pentaquark states from different perspectives to better understand their nature, internal structure, and quantum numbers, determine their hadronization processes, and shed light on their true nature. The present study examines the magnetic moments of the $P_{c}(4457)$ and related hidden-charm pentaquark states with and without strangeness ($[d d][u c] \bar c$, $[u u][s c] \bar c$, $[dd ][s c] \bar c$, $[s s][u c] \bar c$ and $[s s][d c] \bar c$), employing a comprehensive analysis that encompasses both the compact pentaquark configuration and $J^P = \frac{3}{2}^-$ quantum numbers. The present study compares the results regarding the magnetic moment of the $P_{c}(4457)$ pentaquark state with those reported in the existing literature. The numerical results obtained in this study, when considered alongside existing literature, indicate that the magnetic moments of hidden-charm pentaquark states may offer insights into their underlying structures, which in turn can inform the distinction between their spin-parity quantum numbers. It seems that for the future experimental search of the family of hidden-charm pentaquark states, studying the electromagnetic properties of the hidden-charm pentaquark states can provide valuable information.

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arXiv2025

Shedding light on the nature of the $P_{cs}(4459)$ pentaquark state

To shed light on the properties of states whose nature, internal structure, and spin-parity quantum numbers are not fully elucidated, we systematically study their electromagnetic properties. In light of this concept, we present a comprehensive analysis of the magnetic dipole moment of the $P_{cs}(4459)$ pentaquark within the context of QCD light-cone sum rules, utilizing three distinct interpolating currents in the form of diquark-diquark-antiquark configurations that are likely to couple this pentaquark with $J^P =\frac{3}{2}^-$ quantum numbers. The numerical analysis yielded the following results: $μ_{J_μ^1}= -0.60 \pm 0.15~μ_N$, $μ_{J_μ^2}=1.60 \pm 0.30~μ_N$ , and $μ_{J_μ^3}= 0.99 \pm 0.20~μ_N$. The numerical results obtained have led to the conclusion that the magnetic dipole moments of the $P_{cs}(4459)$ state are capable of projecting its inner structure. As is seen, the different diquark-diquark-antiquark configurations of the $P_{cs}(4459)$ pentaquark state contain important information about its internal structure. Thus, this study will provide prominent data to investigate the inner structure of the $P_{cs}(4459)$ pentaquark state. We compared our results with other theoretical predictions that could be a useful complementary tool for interpreting the nature of the $P_{cs}(4459)$ state. A thorough examination reveals that the results obtained by employing disparate theoretical approaches and different internal structure models are not consistent with each other. It is recommended that further studies be conducted using alternative non-perturbative techniques to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the observed results.

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arXiv2024

Investigating the underlying structure of vector hidden-charm tetraquark states via their electromagnetic characteristics

Accessing a full picture of the internal structure of hadrons would be a key topic of hadron physics, with the main motivation to study the strong interaction binding the visible matter. Furthermore, the underlying structure of known exotic states remains an unresolved fundamental issue in hadron physics, which is currently being addressed by hadron physics community. It is well known that electromagnetic characteristics can serve as a distinguishing feature for states whose internal structures are complex and not yet fully understood. The aim of this study is to determine the magnetic moments of vector hidden-charm tetraquark states by making use of QCD light-cone sum rules. In order to achieve this objective, the states mentioned above are considered in terms of the diquark-antidiquark structure. Subsequently, a comprehensive examination is conducted, with four distinct interpolating currents being given particular consideration, as these have the potential to couple with the aforementioned states. It has been observed that there are considerable discrepancies between the magnetic moment results extracted employing different diquark-antidiquark structures. Such a prediction may be interpreted as the possibility of more than one tetraquark with the identical quantum numbers and similar quark constituents, but with different magnetic moments. The numerical predictions yielded have led to the conclusion that the magnetic moments of the vector hidden-charm tetraquark states are capable of projecting the inner structure of these states, which may then be used to determine their quark-gluon structure and quantum numbers. In order to provide a comprehensive analysis, the individual quark contributions to the magnetic moments are also examined.

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arXiv2024

Magnetic dipole moments of the singly-heavy baryons with spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ and spin-$\frac{3}{2}$

The electromagnetic characteristics of singly-heavy baryons at low energies are responsive to their internal composition, structural configuration, and the associated chiral dynamics of light diquarks. To gain further insight, experimentalists are attempting to measure the magnetic and electric dipole moments of charm baryons at the LHC. In view of these developments, we conducted an extensive analysis of the magnetic dipole moments of both $\rm{J^P}=\frac{1}{2}^+$ and $\rm{J^P}=\frac{3}{2}^+$ singly-heavy baryons by means of the QCD light-cone sum rules. Our findings have been compared with other phenomenological estimations that could prove a valuable supplementary resource for interpreting the singly-heavy baryon sector. To shed light on the internal structure of these baryons we study the contributions of the individual quark sectors to the magnetic dipole moments. It was observed that the magnetic dipole moments of the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ sextet singly-heavy baryons are governed by the light quarks. Conversely, the role of the heavy quark is significantly enhanced for the spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ anti-triplet and spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ sextet singly-heavy baryons. The contribution of light and heavy quarks is observed to have an inverse relationship. The signs of the magnetic dipole moments demonstrate the interaction of the spin degrees of freedom of the quarks. The opposing signs of the light and heavy-quark magnetic dipole moments imply that the spins of these quarks are anti-aligned with respect to each other in the baryon. As a byproduct, the electric quadrupole and magnetic octupole moments of spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ singly-heavy baryons are also calculated. We ascertained the existence of non-zero values for the electric quadrupole and magnetic octupole moments of these baryons, indicative of a non-spherical charge distribution.

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arXiv2024

Exploring electromagnetic characteristics of the vector and axial-vector $B_c$ mesons

The magnetic moments of the $B_c$ mesons provide significant insights into their inner structure and geometric shape. Furthermore, a comprehensive understanding of the electromagnetic characteristics of $B_c$ mesons is essential for advancing our knowledge of confinement and heavy flavor effects. In light of this, we proceed to extract the magnetic moments of the ground-state vector and axial-vector $B_c$ mesons through the medium of the QCD light-cone sum rules. The magnetic moments of the axial-vector and vector $B_c$ mesons are found to be $μ_{B_c}= -0.47 \pm 0.07~μ_N$, and $μ_{B_c}= 0.15 \pm 0.02~μ_N$, respectively. A comparison of our results for the vector $B_c$ meson with other theoretical predictions has revealed discrepancies between the various predictions, which could prove useful as a complementary tool for interpreting the vector $B_c$ meson. The current experimental data set is limited to a small number of observed states of beauty-charm mesons. However, theoretical studies can play a valuable role in elucidating their nature and guiding future experimental investigations.

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arXiv2024

Electromagnetic properties of $Ω_{c}^0$ resonances via light-cone QCD

We systematically study the electromagnetic properties of controversial states whose internal structure is not elucidated and we try to offer a different point of view to unravel the internal structure of these states. Inspired by the $Ω_c$ states observed by the LHCb Collaboration, we study the electromagnetic properties of the $Ω_c$ states as the compact diquark-diquark-antiquark pentaquarks with both $J^P = \frac{1}{2}^-$ and $J^P = \frac{3}{2}^-$ in the context of the QCD light-cone sum rule model. From the obtained numerical results, we conclude that the magnetic dipole moments of the $Ω_c$ states can reflect their inner structures, which can be used to distinguish their spin-parity quantum numbers. Measuring the magnetic moment of the $Ω_c$ states in future experimental facilities can be very helpful for understanding the internal organization and identifying the quantum numbers of these states.

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arXiv2024

Study on the electromagnetic properties of the $[sc] [\bar q \bar b]$ and $[sc] [\bar s \bar b]$ states with $J^P = 1^+$

A systematic study of the electromagnetic properties of exotic states is conducted to elucidate their nature, which continues to be the subject of controversy and incomplete understanding in the field. In this study, the magnetic dipole and quadrupole moments of the tetraquarks $[sc] [\bar q \bar b]$ and $[sc] [\bar s \bar b]$ with spin-parity quantum numbers $J^P = 1^+$ are extracted in the context of a compact diquark-antidiquark configuration with the help of the QCD light-cone rules method. The magnetic dipole moments are given as $μ_{[sc] [\bar u \bar b]} = -2.12^{+0.74}_{-0.59} μ_N$, $μ_{[sc] [\bar d \bar b]} = 1.66^{+0.60}_{-0.46} μ_N$, and $μ_{[sc] [\bar s \bar b]} = 2.01^{+0.61}_{-0.50} μ_N$. The order of magnitude of the magnetic dipole moments would suggest that these outcomes may be achievable in forthcoming experiments. The magnetic and quadrupole moments of hadrons represent another important observable, along with their mass and decay width, which contribute to our understanding of the underlying quark structure and dynamics. Therefore, we hope that the results of this study will prove useful in theoretical and experimental investigations, which we anticipate will be an interesting research topic.

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arXiv2024

Investigation on the electromagnetic properties of the $ D^{(*)} Σ_c^{(*)}$ molecules

We systematically explore their electromagnetic characteristics to improve our understanding of the quark-gluon dynamics underlying the complex and controversial nature of multiquark systems. In this study, the magnetic dipole moments of $ D Σ_c$, $ D Σ_c^{*}$ and $ D^{*} Σ_c$ doubly-charmed pentaquarks are extracted, which are directly related to the inner organization of the relevant states. The magnetic dipole moments of these states have been evaluated employing the QCD light-cone sum rules technique with isospin spin-parity $\rm{I(J^P)} = \frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{2}^-)$, $\rm{I(J^P)} = \frac{1}{2}(\frac{3}{2}^-)$ and $\rm{I(J^P)} = \frac{1}{2}(\frac{3}{2}^-)$, for $ D Σ_c$, $ D Σ_c^{*}$ and $ D^{*} Σ_c$ doubly-charmed pentaquarks respectively. Our predictions for the magnetic dipole moment $μ_{DΣ_c} = 2.98^{+0.76}_{-0.54}~μ_N$ for the $ D Σ_c$ pentaquark, $μ_{DΣ_c^*} = 1.65^{+0.45}_{-0.34}~μ_N$ for the $DΣ_c^*$ pentaquark, and $μ_{D^*Σ_c} = -3.63^{+0.79}_{-0.60}~μ_N$ for the $D^*Σ_c$ pentaquark. Furthermore, we have also extracted the electric quadrupole and the magnetic octupole moments of the $ D Σ_c^{*}$ and $ D^{*} Σ_c$ doubly-charmed pentaquarks. These values show a non-spherical charge distribution. We hope that our predictions of the magnetic dipole moments of the doubly-charmed pentaquarks, in conjunction with the results of other theoretical investigations of the spectroscopic parameters and decay widths of these intriguing pentaquarks, will prove valuable in the search for these states in future experiments and in elucidating the internal structure of these pentaquarks.

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arXiv2024

Analysis of the $Ξ_c^* \bar K$ molecular pentaquark state by its electromagnetic properties

We are systematically studying the electromagnetic characteristics of multiquark systems to shed light on their internal structure, whose nature and quantum numbers are controversial. In this study, we investigate the magnetic dipole, electric quadrupole, and magnetic octupole moments of the $Ξ_c^*\bar K$ state within the context of the QCD light-cone sum rule. During this analysis, we posit that the $Ξ_c^*\bar K$ state assumes a molecular structure with quantum numbers $J^P = \frac{3}{2}^-$. The extracted outcomes are given as $μ_{Ξ_c^*\bar K} = 0.15^{+0.04}_{-0.03}\,μ_N$, $\mathcal{Q}_{Ξ_c^*\bar K} = (-0.93^{+0.22}_{-0.17})\times 10^{-3}\,\rm{fm^2}$, and $\mathcal{O}_{Ξ_c^*\bar K} = (-0.45^{+0.10}_{-0.09})\times 10^{-4}\,\rm{fm^3}$. The findings of this study, when considered alongside other pertinent characteristics, may assist in elucidating the nature of this controversial phenomenon.

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arXiv2024

Analysis of the isospin eigenstate $\bar D Σ_c$, $\bar D^{*} Σ_c$, and $\bar D Σ_c^{*}$ pentaquarks by their electromagnetic properties

To shed light on the nature of the controversial and not yet fully understood exotic states, we are carrying out a systematic study of their electromagnetic properties. The magnetic moment of a hadron state is as fundamental a dynamical quantity as its mass and contains valuable information on the deep underlying structure. In this study, we use the QCD light-cone sum rule to extract the magnetic moments of the $\mathrm{P_{c}(4312)}$, $\mathrm{P_{c}(4380)}$, and $\mathrm{P_{c}(4440)}$ pentaquarks by considering them as the molecular picture with spin-parity $\mathrm{J^P= \frac{1}{2}^-}$, $\mathrm{J^P= \frac{3}{2}^-}$, and $\mathrm{J^P= \frac{3}{2}^-}$, respectively. We define the isospin of the interpolating currents of these states, which is the key to solving the puzzle of the hidden-charm pentaquark states, to make these analyses more precise and reliable. We have compared our results with other theoretical predictions that could be a useful complementary tool for the interpretation of the hidden-charm pentaquark sector, and we observe that they are not in mutual agreement with each other. We have also calculated higher multipole moments for spin-3/2 $\bar D^{*} Σ_c$ and $\bar D Σ_c^{*}$ pentaquarks, indicating a non-spherical charge distribution.

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arXiv2024

Electromagnetic properties of vector doubly charmed tetraquark states

We conduct a systematic study of the electromagnetic properties of multiquark systems with undetermined internal structures. Motivated by the recent observation of the $T_{cc}^+$ state, we apply the light-cone version of the QCD sum rule method to extract the magnetic dipole moments of several possible doubly-charmed vector tetraquark states. When analyzing the magnetic dipole moment of these states, they are modeled to have the diquark-antidiquark configurations. The magnetic dipole moments for the members are extracted as $ μ_{T_{cc \bar{u} \bar{d}}} = 1.17^{+0.44}_{-0.32} \, μ_N$, $ μ_{T_{cc \bar{u} \bar{s}}} = 1.35^{+0.50}_{-0.37} \, μ_N$, $ μ_{T_{cc \bar{d} \bar{s}}} = -2.69^{+1.02}_{-0.75} \, μ_N$, $ μ_{T_{cc \bar{u} \bar{u}}} = 1.33^{+0.56}_{-0.40} \, μ_N$, $ μ_{T_{cc \bar{d} \bar{d}}} = 1.41^{+0.57}_{-0.43} \, μ_N$ and $ μ_{T_{cc \bar{s} \bar{s}}} = 1.44^{+0.53}_{-0.41} \, μ_N$. Comparing the results obtained for the magnetic dipole moments of the $T_{cc \bar{u} \bar{d}}$ state with the $T_{cc \bar{u} \bar{s}}$ state, the $U$-symmetry is seen to be broken at about $\%15$, while for the $T_{cc \bar{d} \bar{d}}$ and $T_{cc \bar{s} \bar{s}}$ states, this symmetry is minimally broken. The obtained results may be useful to determine the true nature of these new interesting states.

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arXiv2024

Unveiling the underlying structure of axial-vector bottom-charm tetraquarks in the light of their magnetic moments

The magnetic moment yields an excellent framework to explore the inner structure of particles determined by the quark-gluon dynamics of QCD, as it is the leading-order response of a bound system to a weak external magnetic field. Motivated by this, in this study, the magnetic moments of possible axial-vector $T_{bc\bar u \bar u}$, $T_{bc\bar d \bar d}$, and $T_{bc\bar u \bar d}$ tetraquarks are obtained with the help of light-cone QCD sum rules. For this purpose, we assume that these states are represented as a diquark-antidiquark picture with different structures and interpolating currents. The magnetic moment results derived using different diquark-antidiquark configurations differ substantially from each other. This can be translated into more than one tetraquark state with the same quantum number and quark content yet possessing different magnetic moments. From the numerical results obtained, we have concluded that the magnetic moments of the $T_{bc}$ states can project their inner structure, which can be used for their quantum numbers and quark-gluon organization. The contribution of individual quarks to the magnetic moments is also analyzed for completeness. We hope that our predictions of the magnetic moments of the $T_{bc}$ tetraquarks, together with the results of other theoretical investigations of the spectroscopic parameters and decay widths of these interesting tetraquarks, may be valuable in the search for these states in future experiments and in unraveling the internal structure of these tetraquarks.

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arXiv2024

Analysis of the $\mathrm{X_{AV}}$ state through its electromagnetic properties

To improve our understanding of the quark-gluon dynamics underlying multiquark states, we systematically study their electromagnetic properties. In this study, the magnetic and quadrupole moments of the theoretically predicted singly-charmed state with the quantum numbers $\mathrm{J^P = 1^+}$ is investigated within the framework of the QCD light-cone sum rules method by considering the diquark-antidiquark configuration of this state with quark contents $[ud][\bar{c}\bar{s}]$. The predicted results for the magnetic and quadrupole moments are as $μ_{\mathrm{X_{AV}}}=-0.89 ^{+0.14}_{-0.12}~μ_N $ and $\mathcal{D}_{\mathrm{X_{AV}}} = (-0.46 ^{+0.07}_{-0.06})\times 10^{-2} ~\mbox{fm}^2$. The results obtained can be useful in determining the exact nature of this state. This work will hopefully stimulate experimental interest in the study of the electromagnetic properties of multiquark systems.

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