arXiv subjects

U. Chatterjee

Publications and source records attributed to U. Chatterjee.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2022

Impact of Doping and Geometry on Breakdown Voltage of Semi-Vertical GaN-on-Si MOS Capacitors

For the development of reliable vertical GaN transistors, a detailed analysis of the robustness of the gate stack is necessary, as a function of the process parameters and material properties. To this aim, we report a detailed analysis of breakdown performance of planar GaN-on-Si MOS capacitors. The analysis is carried out on capacitors processed on different GaN bulk doping (6E18 Si/cc, 6E17 Si/cc and 2.5E18 Mg/cc, p-type), different structures (planar, trench-like) and different geometries (area, perimeter and shape). We demonstrate that (i) capacitors on p-GaN have better breakdown performance; (ii) the presence of a trench structure significantly reduces breakdown capabilities; (iii) breakdown voltage is dependent on area, with a decreasing robustness for increasing dimensions; (iv) breakdown voltage is independent of shape (rectangular, circular). TCAD simulations, in agreement with the measurements, illustrate the electric field distribution near breakdown and clarify the results obtained experimentally.

physics.app-ph↗

arXiv2018

Spectroscopic fingerprints of many-body renormalizations in$1T$-TiSe$_2$

We have employed high resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements to investigate many-body renormalizations of the single-particle excitations in $1T$-TiSe$_2$. The energy distribution curves of the ARPES data reveal intrinsic peak-dip-hump feature, while the electronic dispersion derived from the momentum distribution curves of the data highlights, for the first time, multiple kink structures. These are canonical signatures of a coupling between the electronic degrees of freedom and some Bosonic mode in the system. We demonstrate this using a model calculation of the single-particle spectral function at the presence of an electron-Boson coupling. From the self-energy analysis of our ARPES data, we discern some of the critical energy scales of the involved Bosonic mode, which are $\sim$15 and 26 meV. Based on a comparison between these energies and the characteristic energy scales of our Raman scattering data, we identify these Bosonic modes as Raman active breathing (${\text{A}}_\text{1g}$) and shear (${\text{E}}_\text{g}$) modes, respectively. Direct observation of the band-renormalization due to electron-phonon coupling increases the possibility that electron-phonon interactions are central to the collective quantum states such as charge density wave (CDW) and superconductivity in the compounds based on $1T$-TiSe$_2$.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2018

Evidence for breathing-type pseudo Jahn-Teller distortions in the charge density wave phase of 1$T$-TiSe$_2$

The charge density wave (CDW) phase in 1$T$-TiSe$_2$ is investigated using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and neutron scattering measurements. Our ARPES results reveal a clear temperature dependence of the chemical potential of the system. They also demonstrate specific changes encountered by the Se 4$p$ valence and Ti 3$d$ conduction bands as the temperature of the system is decreased through $T_{\text{CDW}}$. The valence band undergoes a downward shift, whereas the conduction band remains unaffected. The crystal structure in the CDW state shows a distinct split of the Ti-Se atomic correlations that are reminiscent of Jahn-Teller distortions, manifested in a breathing-type mode. The ARPES data together with the local structure analysis support a direct link between Jahn-Teller-like distortions and the CDW order in 1$T$-TiSe$_2$.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2018

Spectroscopic signature of the $\mathbf{k}$-dependent electron-phonon coupling in $2H$-TaS$_2$

Our detailed Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) study of $2H$-TaS$_2$, a canonical incommensurate charge density wave (CDW) material, illustrates pronounced many-body renormalization in the system, which is manifested by the presence of multiple kink structures in the electronic dispersions. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal that these kink structures persist even at temperatures higher than the charge density wave transition temperature $\it{T}_{\text{cdw}}\,$ and the energy locations of the kinks are practically temperature-independent. Correlating kink energies with the published Raman scattering data and the theoretically calculated phonon spectrum of $2H$-TaS$_2$, we conclude phononic mechanism for these kinks. We have also detected momentum-anisotropy in the band renormalization, which in turn indicates momentum-dependence of the electron-phonon coupling of the system.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2018

Spectroscopic evidence for temperature-dependent convergence of light and heavy hole valence bands of PbQ (Q=Te, Se, S)

We have conducted temperature dependent Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) study of the electronic structures of PbTe, PbSe and PbS. Our ARPES data provide direct evidence for the \emph{light} hole upper valence bands (UVBs) and hitherto undetected \emph{heavy} hole lower valence bands (LVBs) in these materials. An unusual temperature dependent relative movement between these bands leads to a monotonic decrease in the energy separation between their maxima with increasing temperature, which is referred as band convergence and has long been believed to be the driving factor behind extraordinary thermoelectric performances of these compounds at elevated temperatures.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2018

Orbital selectivity causing anisotropy and particle-hole asymmetry in the charge density wave gap of $2H$-TaS$_2$

We report an in-depth Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) study on $2H$-TaS$_2$, a canonical incommensurate Charge Density Wave (CDW) system. This study demonstrates that just as in related incommensurate CDW systems, $2H$-TaSe$_2$ and $2H$-NbSe$_2$, the energy gap ($\Delta_{\text{cdw}}\,$) of $2H$-TaS$_2$ is localized along the K-centered Fermi surface barrels and is particle-hole asymmetric. The persistence of $\Delta_{\text{cdw}}\,$ even at temperatures higher than the CDW transition temperature $\it{T}_{\text{cdw}}\,$ in $2H$-TaS$_2$, reflects the similar pseudogap (PG) behavior observed previously in $2H$-TaSe$_2$ and $2H$-NbSe$_2$. However, in sharp contrast to $2H$-NbSe$_2$, where $\Delta_{\text{cdw}}\,$ is non-zero only in the vicinity of a few "hot spots" on the inner K-centered Fermi surface barrels, $\Delta_{\text{cdw}}\,$ in $2H$-TaS$_2$ is non-zero along the entirety of both K-centered Fermi surface barrels. Based on a tight-binding model, we attribute this dichotomy in the momentum dependence and the Fermi surface specificity of $\Delta_{\text{cdw}}\,$ between otherwise similar CDW compounds to the different orbital orientations of their electronic states that are involved in CDW pairing. Our results suggest that the orbital selectivity plays a critical role in the description of incommensurate CDW materials.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2015

Emergence of coherence in the charge-density wave state of 2H-NbSe$_2$

A charge-density wave (CDW) state has a broken symmetry described by a complex order parameter with an amplitude and a phase. The conventional view, based on clean, weak-coupling systems, is that a finite amplitude and long-range phase coherence set in simultaneously at the CDW transition temperature T$_{cdw}$. Here we investigate, using photoemission, X-ray scattering and scanning tunneling microscopy, the canonical CDW compound 2H-NbSe$_2$ intercalated with Mn and Co, and show that the conventional view is untenable. We find that, either at high temperature or at large intercalation, CDW order becomes short-ranged with a well-defined amplitude that impacts the electronic dispersion, giving rise to an energy gap. The phase transition at T$_{cdw}$ marks the onset of long-range order with global phase coherence, leading to sharp electronic excitations. Our observations emphasize the importance of phase fluctuations in strongly coupled CDW systems and provide insights into the significance of phase incoherence in `pseudogap' states.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2014

Spectroscopic evidence for the convergence of lower and upper valence bands of PbQ (Q=Te, Se, S) with rising temperature

We have conducted temperature dependent Angle Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) study of the electronic structure of n-, p- type PbTe, PbSe and PbS, which are pre- mier thermoelectric materials. Our ARPES measurements on them provide direct evidence for the light hole upper valence bands (UVBs) and the so-called heavy hole lower valence bands (LVBs), and an unusual temperature dependent relative movement between their band maxima leading to a monotonic decrease in the energy separation between LVBs and UVBs with increase in temperature. This enables convergence of these valence bands and consequently, an effective increase in the valley degeneracy in PbQ at higher temperatures, which has long been speculated to be the driving factor behind their extraordinary thermoelectric performance.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2014

Effect of the pseudogap on T$_c$ in the cuprates and implications for its origin

One of the most intriguing aspects of cuprates is a large pseudogap coexisting with a high superconducting transition temperature. Here, we study pairing in the cuprates from electron-electron interactions by constructing the pair vertex using spectral functions derived from angle resolved photoemission data for a near optimal doped Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ sample that has a pronounced pseudogap. Assuming that that the pseudogap is {\it not} due to pairing, we find that the superconducting instability is strongly suppressed, in stark contrast to what is actually observed. Using an analytic approximation for the spectral functions, we can trace this suppression to the destruction of the BCS logarithmic singularity from a combination of the pseudogap and lifetime broadening. Our findings strongly support those theories of the cuprates where the pseudogap is instead due to pairing.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2013

Universal features in the photoemission spectroscopy of high temperature superconductors

The energy gap for electronic excitations is one of the most important characteristics of the superconducting state, as it directly refects the pairing of electrons. In the copper-oxide high temperature superconductors (HTSCs), a strongly anisotropic energy gap, which vanishes along high symmetry directions, is a clear manifestation of the d-wave symmetry of the pairing. There is, however, a dramatic change in the form of the gap anisotropy with reduced carrier concentration (underdoping). Although the vanishing of the gap along the diagonal to the square Cu-O bond directions is robust, the doping dependence of the large gap along the Cu-O directions suggests that its origin might be different from pairing. It is thus tempting to associate the large gap with a second order parameter distinct from superconductivity. We use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to show that the two-gap behavior, and the destruction of well defined electronic excitations, are not universal features of HTSCs, and depend sensitively on how the underdoped materials are prepared. Depending on cation substitution, underdoped samples either show two-gap behavior or not. In contrast, many other characteristics of HTSCs, such as the domelike dependence of Tc on doping, long-lived excitations along the diagonals to the Cu-O bonds, energy gap at the antinode (crossing of the underlying Fermi surface and the (pi, 0)-(pi, pi) line) decreasing monotonically with doping, while persisting above Tc (the pseudogap), are present in all samples, irrespective of whether they exhibit two-gap behavior or not. Our results imply that universal aspects of high Tc superconductivity are relatively insensitive to differences in the electronic states along the Cu-O bond directions.

cond-mat.str-el↗

arXiv2013

Electronic phase diagram of high temperature copper oxide superconductors

In order to understand the origin of high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides, we must understand the normal state from which it emerges. Here, we examine the evolution of the normal state electronic excitations with temperature and carrier concentration in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 using angle-resolved photoemission. In contrast to conventional superconductors, where there is a single temperature scale Tc separating the normal from the superconducting state, the high- temperature superconductors exhibit two additional temperature scales. One is the pseudogap scale T*, below which electronic excitations exhibit an energy gap. The second is the coherence scale Tcoh, below which sharp spectral features appear due to increased lifetime of the excitations. We find that T* and Tcoh are strongly doping dependent and cross each other near optimal doping. Thus the highest superconducting Tc emerges from an unusual normal state that is characterized by coherent excitations with an energy gap.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2009

Observation of a d-wave nodal liquid in highly underdoped Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+\delta}

We use angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy to probe the electronic excitations of the non-superconducting state that exists between the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator at zero doping and the superconducting state at larger dopings in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+\delta}. We find that this state is a nodal liquid whose excitation gap becomes zero only at points in momentum space. Despite exhibiting a resistivity characteristic of an insulator and the absence of coherent quasiparticle peaks, this material has the same gap structure as the d-wave superconductor. We observe a smooth evolution of the spectrum across the insulator-to-superconductor transition, which suggests that high temperature superconductivity emerges when quantum phase coherence is established in a non-superconducting nodal liquid.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2008

Evidence for pairing above Tc from the dispersion in the pseudogap phase of cuprates

In the underdoped high temperature superconductors, instead of a complete Fermi surface above Tc, only disconnected Fermi arcs appear, separated by regions that still exhibit an energy gap. We show that in this pseudogap phase, the energy-momentum relation of electronic excitations near E_F behaves like the dispersion of a normal metal on the Fermi arcs, but like that of a superconductor in the gapped regions. We argue that this dichotomy in the dispersion is hard to reconcile with a competing order parameter, but is consistent with pairing without condensation.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2007

Protected nodes and the collapse of the Fermi arcs in high Tc cuprates

Angle resolved photoemission on underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 reveals that the magnitude and d-wave anisotropy of the superconducting state energy gap are independent of temperature all the way up to Tc. This lack of T variation of the entire k-dependent gap is in marked contrast to mean field theory. At Tc the point nodes of the d-wave gap abruptly expand into finite length ``Fermi arcs''. This change occurs within the width of the resistive transition, and thus the Fermi arcs are not simply thermally broadened nodes but rather a unique signature of the pseudogap phase.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2007

Modeling the Fermi arc in underdoped cuprates

Angle resolved photoemission data in the pseudogap phase of underdoped cuprates have revealed the presence of a truncated Fermi surface consisting of Fermi arcs. We compare a number of proposed models for the arcs, and find that the one that best models the data is a d-wave energy gap with a lifetime broadening whose temperature dependence is suggestive of fluctuating pairs.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2007

Anomalous dispersion in the autocorrelation of ARPES data of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$

We find that peaks in the autocorrelation of angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy data of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+\delta}$ in the superconducting state show dispersive behavior for binding energies smaller than the maximum superconducting energy gap. For higher energies, though, a striking anomalous dispersion is observed that is a consequence of the interaction of the electrons with collective excitations. In contrast, in the pseudogap phase, we only observe dispersionless behavior for the autocorrelation peaks. The implications of our findings in regards to Fourier transformed scanning tunneling spectroscopy data are discussed.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2007

Dynamic spin-response function of the high-temperature Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ superconductor form angle resolved photoemission spectra

We introduce a formalism for calculating dynamic response functions using experimental single particle Green's functions derived from angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). As an illustration of this procedure we estimate the dynamic spin response of the cuprate superconductor Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$. We find good agreement with superconducting state neutron data, in particular the $(π,π)$ resonance with its unusual `reversed magnon' dispersion. We anticipate our formalism will also be of useful in interpreting results from other spectroscopies, such as optical and Raman responses.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2006

From Fermi Arcs to the Nodal Metal: Scaling of the Pseudogap with Doping and Temperature

The pseudogap phase in the cuprates is a most unusual state of matter: it is a metal, but its Fermi surface is broken up into disconnected segments known as Fermi arcs. Using angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we show that the anisotropy of the pseudogap in momentum space and the resulting arcs depend only on the ratio T/T*(x), where T*(x) is the temperature below which the pseudogap first develops at a given hole doping x. In particular, the arcs collapse linearly with T/T* and extrapolate to zero extent as T goes to 0. This suggests that the T = 0 pseudogap state is a nodal liquid, a strange metallic state whose gapless excitations are located only at points in momentum space, just as in a d-wave superconductor.

cond-mat.supr-con↗