arXiv subjects

Umair Saeed

Publications and source records attributed to Umair Saeed.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Domain-induced control of latent heat in freestanding BaTiO$_3$ membranes

Thin ferroelectric BaTiO$_3$ films often exhibit continuous transitions instead of the first-order behavior of bulk crystals, a discrepancy usually attributed to epitaxial strain or dimensionality. Using quasi-adiabatic nanocalorimetry on freestanding BaTiO$_3$ membranes-free of clamping and substrate heat sinking-we show that domain morphology, not thickness or boundary conditions, controls the transition order. Thick membranes with large, monodomain-like regions display clear latent heat, whereas thinner membranes with dense 180$^{\circ}$ domain patterns show a continuous transition despite undergoing the same tetragonal-cubic structural change confirmed by x-ray diffraction. Piezoresponse force microscopy links this behavior to domain-size evolution, and a Ginzburg-Landau analysis demonstrates how reduced domain size lowers the free-energy barrier, rounding a nominally first-order instability. These results identify domain morphology as the key determinant of ferroelectric transition order in oxide membranes and establish design guidelines for enhancing caloric effects through domain engineering.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2025

Polarization Vortices in a Ferromagnetic Metal via Twistronics

Recent advances in moire engineering provide new pathways for manipulating lattice distortions and electronic properties in low-dimensional materials. Here, we demonstrate that twisted stacking can induce dipolar vortices in metallic SrRuO3 membranes, despite the presence of free charges that would normally screen depolarizing fields and dipole-dipole interactions. These polarization vortices are correlated with moire-periodic flexoelectricity induced by shear strain gradients, and exhibit a pronounced dependence on the twist angle. In addition, multiferroic behavior emerges below the ferromagnetic Curie temperature of the films, whereby polarization and ferromagnetism coexist and compete, showing opposite twist-angle dependencies of their respective magnitudes. Density functional theory calculations provide insights into the microscopic origin of these observations. Our findings extend the scope of polarization topology design beyond dielectric materials and into metals.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2025

Beware of the water: Hidden hydrogenation of perovskite membranes made by the water-soluble sacrificial layer method

The fabrication of perovskite oxide free-standing films (membranes) by lift-off methods using water-soluble sacrificial layers is appealing because of the new mechanical degrees of freedom that these membranes present over conventional epitaxial films. However, little is known about how their fabrication process, and in particular the exposure to water during the etching step, affects their properties. Here, we investigate how membranes of two perovskite archetypes, antiferroelectric PbZrO3 and paraelectric SrTiO3, are affected by water-based etching step. Using Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, we find evidence that hydrogen penetrates the perovskite structure. Concomitant with this protonation, the functional properties also change, and both materials display ferroelectric-like behavior that is absent in bulk ceramics or hydrogen-free films at room temperature. We also find that thermal annealing can be used to expel the hydrogen from the membranes, which henceforth recover bulk-like properties. The two main conclusions of this work are that (i) any perovskite membrane made by sacrificial layer hydrolysis is vulnerable to hydrogen penetration (protonation) that can induce important but extrinsic changes in functional properties, and (ii) the hydrogen can, and should, be expelled by annealing to recover intrinsic behaviour.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2024

Photostrictive actuators based on freestanding ferroelectric membranes

Complex oxides offer a wide range of functional properties, and recent advances in fabrication of freestanding membranes of these oxides are adding new mechanical degrees of freedom to this already rich functional ecosystem. Here, we demonstrate photoactuation in freestanding thin film resonators of ferroelectric Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) and paraelectric Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3). The free-standing films, transferred onto perforated supports, act as nano-drums, oscillating at their natural resonance frequency when illuminated by a frequency-modulated laser. The light-induced deflections in the ferroelectric BaTiO3 membranes are two orders of magnitude larger than in the paraelectric SrTiO3 ones. Time-resolved X-ray micro-diffraction under illumination and temperature-dependent and holographic interferometry provide combined evidence for the photostrictive strain in BaTiO3 originating from partial screening of ferroelectric polarization by photo-excited carriers, which decreases the tetragonality of the unit cell. These findings showcase the potential of photostrictive freestanding ferroelectric films as wireless actuators operated by light.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2023

Switching dynamics and improved efficiency of free-standing antiferroelectric capacitors

We report the switching dynamics of antiferroelectric Lead Zirconate (PbZrO3) free standing capacitors compared to their epitaxial counterparts. Frequency dependence of hysteresis indicates that freestanding capacitors exhibit a lower dispersion of switching fields, lower residual polarization, and faster switching response as compared to epitaxially-clamped capacitors. As a consequence, freestanding capacitor membranes exhibit better energy storage density and efficiency.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗