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Umang Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to Umang Kumar.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

DSWIM:Efficient and Stable Deterministic Computation of Warm Inflation Perturbations

Warm inflation perturbations are sourced by both thermal and quantum fluctuations and are commonly computed through stochastic realizations of the perturbation equations, as implemented in the publicly available code SWIM. Deterministic formulations based on correlation matrix evolution provide a computationally efficient alternative, but can become numerically ill-conditioned when the perturbation variables evolve over widely different scales. In this work, we extend SWIM by introducing a deterministic module, DSWIM, based on correlation matrix evolution. We introduce a physically motivated scaling matrix transformation derived from the effective Hubble scaling of the perturbation variables. The transformed system preserves the primordial curvature power spectrum exactly while substantially improving the numerical conditioning of the deterministic evolution equations. Using representative warm inflation models, we show that the scaled framework suppresses numerical artifacts, improves the robustness of the deterministic evolution, and yields substantial computational speedups while preserving accuracy. We further show that correlated thermal noise contributions arise naturally through the diffusion matrix structure, resolving previously observed discrepancies between stochastic and deterministic implementations. Our results establish DSWIM as a numerically robust and computationally efficient framework for computing warm inflation scalar perturbations.

astro-ph.CO

Dark Matter as an Inflationary Relic in Warm Inflation

Warm inflation is usually expected to completely deplete the inflaton condensate by dissipating its energy into radiation. We show that this expectation fails in a simple and observationally viable regime. In a strongly dissipative warm inflationary scenario, the dissipative ratio, $Q=\Upsilon/(3H)$, can fall rapidly after the end of inflation as the system approaches radiation domination, thereby suppressing further energy transfer to the thermal bath. This leads to a residual inflaton condensate, which subsequently evolves as an effectively non-dissipative scalar field. For potentials with a stable quadratic minimum, this remnant inflaton manifests as a cold dark matter component. We establish this mechanism for the minimal renormalizable potential, with a dissipative coefficient $\Upsilon\propto T^3$. In this case, current cosmological data allow strong dissipation while leaving the inflaton mass weakly constrained by inflationary observables. The observed dark matter abundance then fixes its mass to be $m \approx 0.02\,{\rm MeV}$, while larger masses overclose the Universe. The transition to matter-like scaling occurs well before BBN, avoiding a long-lived inflaton dark radiation component. Relic inflaton dark matter therefore turns the post-inflationary dynamics of warm inflation into a new late time constraint on its parameter space.

astro-ph.CO

SWIM: Stochastic Warm Inflation Module to generate and analyse Warm Inflationary power spectrum

Numerical analysis to determine the form of the scalar power spectrum in Warm Inflationary paradigm is inevitable. One further needs numerical techniques to analyse any Warm Inflation model with the current observational data through the MCMC codes that are available publicly, like COSMOMC or Cobaya. We present SWIM (Stochastic Warm Inflation Module) written in C++ and Python, that not only helps generate the Warm Inflationary scalar power spectrum, either semi-analytically or fully numerically, but also is integrated with Cobaya enabling the user to constrain the model parameters with current CMB data and thus to put any Warm Inflation model to test. SWIM numerically solves the standard stochastic perturbation equations of Warm Inflation without any approximations, uses machine learning techniques to speed up the MCMC analysis while analysing the fully numerical power spectrum that significantly reduces the computational cost, and is able to accommodate any Warm Inflation model with any form of inflationary potential and dissipative coefficient for numerical analysis. We show that SWIM, in most of the cases, outperforms other numerical codes on Warm Inflation that are designed to yield only the semi-analytical power spectrum as far as the runtimes are concerned. We further point out that there can be situations where the semi-analytical way of determining the scalar power spectrum in Warm Inflation can fall short, and one needs the full numerical power spectrum for parameter estimation given the observational data. In such cases, SWIM is the only code available so far that is designed to perform the task. Hence, SWIM offers a complete numerical platform for thorough analysis of Warm Inflation models against the current cosmological data. SWIM has been made publicly available at https://github.com/umg-kmr/SWIM.

astro-ph.CO

Witten-O'Raifeartaigh potential revisited in the context of Warm Inflation

Warm Inflation is a scenario in which the inflaton field dissipates its energy during inflation to maintain a subdominant constant radiation bath. Two of its remarkable features are (i) inflation can be realized even by very steep potentials and (ii) such a scenario doesn't call for a separate post-inflation reheating phase. We exploit the first feature to show that Warm Inflation can successfully take place on the very steep left wing of the Witten-O'Raifeartaigh potential while remaining in excellent agreement with current cosmological data (joint analysis of Planck, ACT and DESI). The Witten-O'Raifeartaigh potential has a flatter right wing as well, which opens up the possibility of dark energy when the field rolls along this wing. However in order to successfully realize quintessential inflation one needs to (i) normalize the two wings of the Witten-O'Raifeartaigh potential differently in order to bridge between the two extreme energy scales of inflation and dark energy, (ii) allow the quintessence field to be dissipative, which is consistent with the presence of a dissipative term in warm inflation. The dissipative dynamics of the quintessence field is needed in order to sustain slow-roll in the right wing. With these modifications, we demonstrate that the Witten-O'Raifeartaigh potential can give rise to a unified model of warm inflation (on the left wing) and transient dark energy (on the right wing).

astro-ph.CO

A generalized method of constraining Warm Inflation with CMB data

A thorough MCMC analysis of any inflationary model against the current cosmological data is essential for assessing the validity of such a model as a viable inflationary model. Warm Inflation, producing both thermal and quantum fluctuations, yield a complex form of scalar power spectrum, which, in general, cannot be directly written as a function of the comoving wavenumber $k$, an essential step to incorporate the primordial spectra into CAMB to do an MCMC analysis through CosmoMC/Cobaya. In this paper, we devised an efficient generalized methodology to mould the WI power spectra as a function of $k$, without the need of slow-roll approximation of the inflationary dynamics. The methodology is directly applicable to any Warm Inflation model, including the ones with complex forms of the dissipative coefficient and the inflaton potential.

astro-ph.CO

Detection of simultaneous QPO triplets in 4U 1728-34 and constraining the neutron star mass and moment of inertia

We report simultaneous detection of twin kHz and $\sim 40$ Hz quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the time-resolved analysis of the AstroSat/LAXPC observation of the neutron star low mass X-ray binary, 4U 1728-34. The frequencies of the multiple sets of triplets are correlated with each other and are consistent with their identification as the orbital, periastron and twice the nodal precessions frequencies. The observed relations, along with the known spin of the neutron star, put constraints on the mass and the ratio of moment of inertia to the mass of the neutron star to be $M^*_\odot = 1.92\pm 0.01$ and $I_{45}/M^*_\odot = 1.07\pm 0.01$ under the simplistic assumption that the metric is a Kerr one. We crudely estimate that the mass and moment of inertia values obtained may differ by about 1 % and 5 %, respectively, if a self-consistent metric is invoked. Using the TOV equations for computing the moment of inertia of a neutron star in slow rotation approximation, having different equations of state, we find that the predicted values of neutron star parameters favor stiffer equations of state. We expect more stringent constraints would be obtained using a more detailed treatment, where the EOS-dependent metric is used to compute the expected frequencies rather than the Kerr metric used here. The results provide insight into both the nature of these QPOs and the neutron star interior.

astro-ph.HE