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Véronique Bernard

Publications and source records attributed to Véronique Bernard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

A dispersive approach to the CP conserving $K\toπ\ell^+\ell^-$ radiative decays

We reconsider the constraints on the form factors $W_+ (s)$ and $W_S (s)$, describing the radiative decay modes $K^+\toπ^+ \ell^+\ell^-$ and $K_S\toπ^0 \ell^+\ell^-$, associated with the general properties of analyticity and unitarity. Starting from the simple consideration of the asymptotic behaviours of the two combinations $2 W_+ (s) - W_S (s)$ and $W_+ (s) + W_S (s)$, we derive a minimal pair of dispersive representations which involves only two free parameters. An important input for these representations consists of the $K\to3π$ decay amplitudes, for which we use a set of solutions of the Khuri-Treiman equations obtained recently. These solutions provide an extrapolation from the physical $K\to3π$ decay region up to the resonant $Kπ\toππ$ scattering regions. We show that the experimental energy dependence of $|W_+|^2$ can be well reproduced and that the sign of $W_+$ is unambiguously determined. We also show that the yet unknown $Δ{I}=1/2$ part of the $K_S\to π^+ π^- π^0$ amplitude can be determined from the value of $W_+(0) + W_S(0)$. The possibility of fixing the sign of $W_S(0)$ using experimental data on both $|W_+|^2$ and $|W_S|^2$ is discussed.

hep-ph↗

Dispersive description of the $K \to π\ell^+ \ell^-$ radiative amplitudes

We propose a description of the $K^+$, $K_S$ radiative decay form factors $W_+$, $W_S$ based on general properties of analyticity and unitarity. Starting from the simple consideration of the asymptotic behaviour of the two combinations $2W_+-W_S$ and $W_+ +W_S$ we derive a dispersive representation involving only two parameters. Using the rich experimental information on the $K\to3π$ amplitudes, extended beyond the low energy region using the Khuri-Treiman formalism, we show that the sign of the $W_+$ form factor is unambiguously determined and its energy dependence can be well reproduced. We also show that the yet unknown $Δ{I}=1/2$ part of the $K_S \to π^+π^-π^0$ can be determined from the value of $W_+(0)+W_S(0)$. The possibility of fixing the sign of $W_S$ from experiment is discussed.

hep-ph↗

Sunset integrals with up to three mass scales in chiral perturbation theory: a comparative study of the Mellin-Barnes representation technique

Sunset integrals are among the simplest of two-loop integrals that appear in perturbative quantum field theories and possess up to four distinct mass scales. By means of integration by parts identities, they can be written in terms of four distinct master integrals. In this article, we discuss the independent configurations of on-shell and off-shell sunset master integrals with one, two and three mass scales that arise in chiral perturbation theory. We derive Mellin-Barnes integral representations of these integrals and analytically solve them using various methods to obtain exact results in the form of single and double convergent series of the hypergeometric type, for the values of the mass parameters that allow us to do so. We then discuss how to analytically continue the results to other regions of the parameters and conclude by discussing a few applications in chiral perturbation theory.

hep-ph↗

Kaon Physics: A Cornerstone for Future Discoveries

The kaon physics programme, long heralded as a cutting-edge frontier by the European Strategy for Particle Physics, continues to stand at the intersection of discovery and innovation in high-energy physics (HEP). With its unparalleled capacity to explore new physics at the multi-TeV scale, kaon research is poised to unveil phenomena that could reshape our understanding of the Universe. This document highlights the compelling physics case, with emphasis on exciting new opportunities for advancing kaon physics not only in Europe but also on a global stage. As an important player in the future of HEP, the kaon programme promises to drive transformative breakthroughs, inviting exploration at the forefront of scientific discovery.

hep-ph↗

A dispersive study of final-state interactions in $K\toπππ$ amplitudes

A system of dispersive representations of the Omnès-Khuri-Treiman-Sawyer-Wali type for the final-state interactions in the amplitudes of the $K\toπππ$ weak transitions is constructed, under the assumptions that CP and isospin symmetries are conserved. Both the $ΔI = 1/2$ and $ΔI = 3/2$ transition channels are considered. The set of single-variable functions involved in these representations is identified, and the polynomial ambiguities in their definitions are discussed. Numerical solutions for the system of coupled integral relations satisfied by these functions are provided, and the determination of the subtraction constants in terms of the experimental information on the amplitudes in the decay region is addressed.

hep-ph↗

Nanoscopic distribution of VAChT and VGLUT3 in striatal cholinergic varicosities suggests colocalization and segregation of the two transporters in synaptic vesicles

Striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) use acetylcholine (ACh) and glutamate (Glut) to regulate the striatal network since they express vesicular transporters for ACh (VAChT) and Glut (VGLUT3). However, whether ACh and Glut are released simultaneously and/or independently from cholinergic varicosities is an open question. The answer to that question requires the multichannel detection of vesicular transporters at the level of single synaptic vesicle (SV). Here, we used super-resolution STimulated Emission Depletion microscopy (STED) to characterize and quantify the distribution of VAChT and VGLUT3 in CINs SVs. Nearest-neighbor distances analysis between VAChT and VGLUT3-immunofluorescent spots revealed that 34% of CINs SVs contain both VAChT and VGLUT3. In addition, 40% of SVs expressed only VAChT while 26% of SVs contain only VGLUT3. These results suggest that SVs from CINs have the potential to store simultaneously or independently ACh and/or Glut. Overall, these morphological findings support the notion that CINs varicosities can signal with either ACh or Glut or both with an unexpected level of complexity.

q-bio.NC↗

Constraining the gauge and scalar sectors of the doublet left-right symmetric model

We consider a left-right symmetric extension of the Standard Model where the spontaneous breakdown of the left-right symmetry is triggered by doublets. The electroweak $ρ$ parameter is protected from large corrections in this Doublet Left-Right Model (DLRM), contrary to the triplet case. This allows in principle for more diverse patterns of symmetry breaking. We consider several constraints on the gauge and scalar sectors of DLRM: the unitarity of scattering processes involving gauge bosons with longitudinal polarisations, the radiative corrections to the muon $Δr$ parameter and the electroweak precision observables measured at the $Z$ pole and at low energies. Combining these constraints within the frequentist CKMfitter approach, we see that the fit pushes the scale of left-right symmetry breaking up to a few TeV, while favouring an electroweak symmetry breaking triggered not only by the $ SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R $ bi-doublet, which is the case most commonly considered in the literature, but also by the $ SU(2)_L $ doublet.

hep-ph↗

Short-distance QCD corrections to $K^0\bar{K}^0$ mixing at next-to-leading order in Left-Right models

Left-Right (LR) models are extensions of the Standard Model where left-right symmetry is restored at high energies, and which are strongly constrained by kaon mixing described in the framework of the $|ΔS|=2$ effective Hamiltonian. We consider the short-distance QCD corrections to this Hamiltonian both in the Standard Model (SM) and in LR models. The leading logarithms occurring in these short-distance corrections can be resummed within a rigourous Effective Field Theory (EFT) approach integrating out heavy degrees of freedom progressively, or using an approximate simpler method of regions identifying the ranges of loop momentum generating large logarithms in the relevant two-loop diagrams. We compare the two approaches in the SM at next-to-leading order, finding a very good agreement when one scale dominates the problem, but only a fair agreement in the presence of a large logarithm at leading order. We compute the short-distance QCD corrections for LR models at next-to-leading order using the method of regions, and we compare the results with the EFT approach for the $WW'$ box with two charm quarks (together with additional diagrams forming a gauge-invariant combination), where a large logarithm occurs already at leading order. We conclude by providing next-to-leading-order estimates for $cc$, $ct$ and $tt$ boxes in LR models.

hep-ph↗

A framework for the calculation of the $ΔNγ^*$ transition form factors on the lattice

Using the non-relativistic effective field theory framework in a finite volume, we discuss the extraction of the $ΔNγ^*$ transition form factors from lattice data. A counterpart of the Lüscher approach for the matrix elements of unstable states is formulated. In particular, we thoroughly discuss various kinematic settings, which are used in the calculation of the above matrix element on the lattice. The emerging Lüscher-Lellouch factor and the analytic continuation of the matrix elements into the complex plane are also considered in detail. A full group-theoretical analysis of the problem is made, including the partial-wave mixing and projecting out the invariant form factors from data.

hep-lat↗

The $B\to K^*$ form factors on the lattice

The extraction of the $B\to K^*$ transition form factors from lattice data is studied, applying non-relativistic effective field theory in a finite volume. The possible mixing of $πK$ and $ηK$ states is taken into account. The two-channel analogue of the Lellouch-Lüscher formula is reproduced. Due to the resonance nature of the $K^*$, an equation is derived, which allows to determine the form factors at the pole position in a process-independent manner. The infinitely-narrow width approximation of the results is discussed.

hep-lat↗

On some aspects of isospin breaking in the decay $K^pm$ $\to$ $π^0 π^0 e^\pm$ $\stackrel{_{(-)}}{ν_e}$

Two aspects of isospin breaking in the decay $K^\pm \to π^0 π^0 e^\pm \stackrel{_{(-)}}{ν_e}$ are studied and discussed. The first addresses the possible influence of the phenomenological description of the unitarity cusp on the extraction of the normalization of the form factor from data. Using the scalar form factor of the pion as a theoretical laboratory, we find that this determination is robust under variations of the phenomenological parameterizations of the form factor. The second aspect concerns the issue of radiative corrections. We compute the radiative corrections to the total decay rate for $K^\pm \to π^0 π^0 e^\pm \stackrel{_{(-)}}{ν_e}$ in a setting that allows comparison with the way radiative corrections were handled in the channel $K^\pm \to π^+ π^- e^\pm \stackrel{_{(-)}}{ν_e}$. We find that once radiative corrections are included, the normalizations of the form factor as determined experimentally from data in the two decay channels come to a better agreement. The remaining discrepancy can easily be accounted for by other isospin-breaking corrections, mainly those due to the difference between the masses of the up and down quarks.

hep-ph↗

Isospin breaking in pion and $K_{e4}$ form factors

Isospin breaking in the $K_{\ell 4}$ form factors induced by the difference between charged and neutral pion masses is discussed within a framework built on suitably subtracted dispersion representations. The $K_{\ell 4}$ form factors are constructed in an iterative way up to two loops in the low-energy expansion by implementing analyticity, crossing, and unitarity due to two-meson intermediate states. Analytical expressions for the phases of the two-loop form factors of the $K^\pm\toπ^+π^- e^\pm ν_e$ channel are presented, allowing one to connect the difference of form-factor phase shifts measured experimentally (out of the isospin limit) and the difference of $S$- and $P$-wave $ππ$ phase shifts studied theoretically (in the isospin limit). The dependence with respect to the two $S$-wave scattering lengths $a_0^0$ and $a_0^2$ in the isospin limit is worked out in a general way, in contrast to previous analyses based on one-loop chiral perturbation theory. The results on the phases of the $K^\pm\toπ^+π^- e^\pm ν_e$ form factors obtained by the NA48/2 collaboration at the CERN SPS are reanalysed including isospin-breaking correction to extract values for the scattering lengths $a_0^0$ and $a_0^2$.

hep-ph↗

Dispersive representation of the scalar and vector Kpi form factors for tau --> K pi nu_tau and K_{l3} decays

Recently, the tau --> K pi nu_tau decay spectrum has been measured by the Belle and BaBar collaborations. In this work, we present an analysis of such decays introducing a dispersive parametrization for the vector and scalar Kpi form factors. This allows for precise tests of the Standard Model. For instance, the determination of f_+(0)|V_{us}| from these decays is discussed. A comparison and a combination of these results with the analyses of the K_{l3} decays is also considered.

hep-ph↗

Chiral Extrapolation of the Strangeness Changing K pi Form Factor

We perform a chiral extrapolation of lattice data on the scalar K pi form factor and the ratio of the kaon and pion decay constants within Chiral Perturbation Theory to two loops. We determine the value of the scalar form factor at zero momentum transfer, at the Callan-Treiman point and at its soft kaon analog as well as its slope. Results are in good agreement with their determination from experiment using the standard couplings of quarks to the W boson. The slope is however rather large. A study of the convergence of the chiral expansion is also performed.

hep-ph↗

Chiral Perturbation Theory and Baryon Properties

Theoretical as well as experimental progress has been made in the last decade in describing the properties of baryons. In this review I will mostly report on the theoretical issues. Two non-perturbative methods are privileged frameworks for studying these properties in the low energy domain: chiral perturbation theory, the effective field theory of the Standard Model at energies below 1 GeV and lattice QCD. I will mainly concentrate here on the first one but I will also discuss the complementarity of the two methods. Chiral extrapolations for lattice simulations of some nucleon properties will be investigated. I will then concentrate on processes involving at most two nucleons, describing for example pion-nucleon and pion-deuteron scattering, pion photo- and electroproduction off the nucleon and the deuteron and doubly virtual Compton scattering. Three flavor calculations will also be reviewed.

hep-ph↗

The Delta-resonance in a finite volume

We study the extraction of Delta-resonance parameters from lattice data for small quark masses, corresponding to the case of an unstable Delta. To this end, we calculate the spectrum of the correlator of two Delta-fields in a finite Euclidian box up-to-and-including O(epsilon^3) in the small scale expansion using infrared regularization. On the basis of our numerical study, we argue that the extraction of the parameters of the Delta-resonance (in particular, of the mass and the pion-nucleon-delta coupling constant) from the measured volume dependence of the lowest energy levels should be feasible.

hep-lat↗

Chiral perturbation theory

We give a brief introduction to chiral perturbation theory in its various settings. We discuss some applications of recent interest including chiral extrapolations for lattice gauge theory.

hep-ph↗