arXiv subjects

V. Balaji

Publications and source records attributed to V. Balaji.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2025

Conformal blocks, parahoric torsors and Borel-Weil-Bott

Let $X$ be a smooth projective curve over an algebraically closed field $k$. Let $\mathcal{G}$ be a parahoric group scheme on $X$ as in \cite{pr}. Via the principle of Hecke correspondences, we set-up relationships between the cohomology of lines bundles on various moduli stacks of torsors. This approach gives a proof of \cite[Conjecture 3.7]{pr} for group schemes $\mathcal G$ as above in characteristic zero. This further gives as a consequence, the principle of propagation of vacua. We give a direct proof of the independence of central charge on base points. Projective flatness is recovered as a corollary of Faltings construction of the Hitchin connection. Using C.Teleman's basic results (\cite{bwb}), we deduce the analogous result that cohomology of line bundles on the stack of principal $G$-bundles vanish in all degrees except possibly one. Results on twisted vacua \cite{hongkumar} are obtained as immediate consequences.

math.AG↗

arXiv2025

On a theorem of Narasimhan and Ramanan on deformations

Let $X$ be a smooth projective curve genus $G$ (as elaborated in \ref{main1}), over an algebraically closed field $k$ of arbitrary characteristics. Let $\cH$ {\em be a tamely ramified absolutely simple, simply connected connected group scheme (see \eqref{quasisplitcase})}. Let $\cM$ denote the moduli stack $\cM_X(\cH)$ of $\cH$-torsors on $X$ and $\cM^{^s}$ be the open substack of {\em stable torsors}. Using the theory of parahoric torsors and Parahoric-correspondences, we describe the cohomology groups $\text{H}^i\left(\cM^{^s}, \cT_{_{\cM}}\right), i = 0,1,2$ and $\text{H}^i\left(\cM^{^s}, \Omega_{_{\cM}}\right), i = 0,1,2$ in terms of the curve $X$. The classical results of Narasimhan and Ramanan are derived as a consequence.

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arXiv2022

Are General Circulation Models obsolete?

Traditional general circulation models, or GCMs -- i.e. 3D dynamical models with unresolved terms represented in equations with tunable parameters -- have been a mainstay of climate research for several decades, and some of the pioneering studies have recently been recognized by a Nobel prize in Physics. Yet, there is considerable debate around their continuing role in the future. Frequently mentioned as limitations of GCMs are the structural error and uncertainty across models with different representations of unresolved scales; and the fact that the models are tuned to reproduce certain aspects of the observed Earth. We consider these shortcomings in the context of a future generation of models that may address these issues through substantially higher resolution and detail, or through the use of machine learning techniques to match them better to observations, theory, and process models. It is our contention that calibration, far from being a weakness of models, is an essential element in the simulation of complex systems, and contributes to our understanding of their inner workings. Models can be calibrated to reveal both fine-scale detail, or the global response to external perturbations. New methods enable us to articulate and improve the connections between the different levels of abstract representation of climate processes, and our understanding resides in an entire hierarchy of models where GCMs will continue to play a central role for the foreseeable future..

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2022

Semi-automatic tuning of coupled climate models with multiple intrinsic timescales: lessons learned from the Lorenz96 model

The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential for History Matching (HM) to tune a climate system with multi-scale dynamics. By considering a toy climate model, namely, the two-scale Lorenz96 model and producing experiments in perfect-model setting, we explore in detail how several built-in choices need to be carefully tested. We also demonstrate the importance of introducing physical expertise in the range of parameters, a priori to running HM. Finally we revisit a classical procedure in climate model tuning, that consists of tuning the slow and fast components separately. By doing so in the Lorenz96 model, we illustrate the non-uniqueness of plausible parameters and highlight the specificity of metrics emerging from the coupling. This paper contributes also to bridging the communities of uncertainty quantification, machine learning and climate modeling, by making connections between the terms used by each community for the same concept and presenting promising collaboration avenues that would benefit climate modeling research.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2021

On a "Wonderful" Bruhat-Tits group scheme

In this note we make a universal construction of Bruhat-Tits group scheme on wonderful embeddings of adjoint groups in the absolute and relative settings and of adjoint Kac-Moody groups. These have natural classifying properties reflecting the orbit structure on the wonderful embeddings.

math.RT↗

arXiv2021

Torsors on semistable curves and degenerations

In this paper we answer two long-standing questions in the classification of $G$-torsors on curves for an almost simple, simply connected algebraic group $G$ over the field of complex numbers. The first question is to give an intrinsic definition of (semi)stability for a $G$-torsor on an {\em irreducible nodal curve} and the second one is the construction of a flat degeneration of the moduli space of semistable $G$-torsors when the smooth curve degenerates to an irreducible nodal curve. A generalization of the classical Bruhat-Tits group schemes to two-dimensional regular local rings and an application of the geometric formulation of the McKay correspondence provide the key tools.

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arXiv2020

Climbing down Charney's ladder: Machine Learning and the post-Dennard era of computational climate science

The advent of digital computing in the 1950s sparked a revolution in the science of weather and climate. Meteorology, long based on extrapolating patterns in space and time, gave way to computational methods in a decade of advances in numerical weather forecasting. Those same methods also gave rise to computational climate science, studying the behaviour of those same numerical equations over intervals much longer than weather events, and changes in external boundary conditions. Several subsequent decades of exponential growth in computational power have brought us to the present day, where models ever grow in resolution and complexity, capable of mastery of many small-scale phenomena with global repercussions, and ever more intricate feedbacks in the Earth system. The current juncture in computing, seven decades later, heralds an end to what is called Dennard scaling, the physics behind ever smaller computational units and ever faster arithmetic. This is prompting a fundamental change in our approach to the simulation of weather and climate, potentially as revolutionary as that wrought by John von Neumann in the 1950s. One approach could return us to an earlier era of pattern recognition and extrapolation, this time aided by computational power. Another approach could lead us to insights that continue to be expressed in mathematical equations. In either approach, or any synthesis of those, it is clearly no longer the steady march of the last few decades, continuing to add detail to ever more elaborate models. In this prospectus, we attempt to show the outlines of how this may unfold in the coming decades, a new harnessing of physical knowledge, computation, and data.

physics.ao-ph↗

arXiv2017

On complete reducibility in characteristic $p$

Let $G$ be a reductive group over a field $k$ which is algebraically closed of characteristic $p \neq 0$. We prove a structure theorem for a class of subgroup schemes of $G$, for $p$ bounded below by the Coxeter number of $G$. As applications, we derive semi-simplicity results, generalizing earlier results of Serre proven in 1998, and also obtain an analogue of Luna's étale slice theorem for suitable bounds on $p$.

math.AG↗

arXiv2013

A degeneration of moduli of Hitchin pairs

We construct a degeneration of the moduli space of Hitchin pairs on smooth projective curves when the curve degenerates to an irreducible curve with a single node. The degeneration constructed here is analogous to the models constructed by Gieseker and Nagaraj-Seshadri for the case of the usual moduli spaces (i.e when the Higgs structure is trivial). There is an canonical relative Hitchin map which is shown to be proper and the general fibre of the relative Hitchin map provides a new compactification of the Picard variety of smooth curves with normal crossing singularities.

math.AG↗

arXiv2012

Moduli of parahoric $\mathcal G$--torsors on a compact Riemann surface

Let $X$ be an irreducible smooth projective algebraic curve of genus $g \geq 2$ over the ground field $\bc$ and let $G$ be a semisimple simply connected algebraic group. The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of semistable and stable parahoric torsors under a certain Bruhat-Tits group scheme $\mathcal G$ and construct the moduli space of semistable parahoric $\mathcal G$--torsors; we also identify the underlying topological space of this moduli space with certain spaces of homomorphisms of Fuchsian groups into a maximal compact subgroup of $G$. The results give a generalization of the earlier results of Mehta and Seshadri on parabolic vector bundles. This is the final version of the accepted paper.

math.AG↗

arXiv2011

Restrictions of stable bundles

The Mehta-Ramanathan theorem ensures that the restriction of a stable vector bundle to a sufficiently high degree complete intersection curve is again stable. We improve the bounds for the "sufficiently high degree" and propose a possibly optimal conjecture.

math.AG↗

arXiv2010

Tensor product theorem for Hitchin pairs -An algebraic approach

We give an algebraic approach to the study of Hitchin pairs and prove the tensor product theorem for Higgs semistable Hitchin pairs over smooth projective curves defined over algebraically closed fields $k$ of characteristic $0$ and characteristic $p$, with $p$ satisfying some natural bounds. We also prove the corresponding theorem for polystable bundles.

math.AG↗

arXiv2010

An analogue of the Narasimhan-Seshadri theorem and some applications

We prove an analogue in higher dimensions of the classical Narasimhan-Seshadri theorem for strongly stable vector bundles of degree 0 on a smooth projective variety $X$ with a fixed ample line bundle $Θ$. As applications, over fields of characteristic zero, we give a new proof of the main theorem in a recent paper of Balaji and Kollár and derive an effective version of this theorem; over uncountable fields of positive characteristics, if $G$ is a simple and simply connected algebraic group and the characteristic of the field is bigger than the Coxeter index of $G$, we prove the existence of strongly stable principal $G$ bundles on smooth projective surfaces whose holonomy group is the whole of $G$.

math.AG↗

arXiv2006

Parabolic bundles on algebraic surfaces I- the Donaldson--Uhlenbeck compactification

The aim of this paper is to construct the parabolic version of the Donaldson--Uhlenbeck compactification for the moduli space of parabolic stable bundles on an algenraic surface with parabolic structures along a divisor with normal crossing singularities. We prove the non--emptiness of the moduli space of parabolic stable bundles of rank 2 and also prove the existence of components with smooth points.

math.AG↗

arXiv2006

Universal Families on moduli spaces of principal bundles on curves

Let $H$ be a connected semisimple linear algebraic group defined over $\mathbb C$ and $X$ a compact connected Riemann surface of genus at least three. Let ${\mathcal M}'_X(H)$ be the moduli space parametrising all topologically trivial stable principal $H$-bundles over $X$ whose automorphism group coincides with the centre of $H$. It is a Zariski open dense subset of the moduli space of stable principal $H$-bundles. We prove that there is a universal principal $H$-bundle over $X\times {\mathcal M}'_X(H)$ if and only if $H$ is an adjoint group (that is, the centre of $H$ is trivial).

math.AG↗

arXiv2006

Holonomy groups of stable vector bundles

We define the notion of holonomy group for a stable vector bundle F on a variety in terms of the Narasimhan--Seshadri unitary representation of its restriction to curves. Next we relate the holonomy group to the minimal structure group and to the decomposition of tensor powers of F. Finally we illustrate the principle that either the holonomy is large or there is a clear geometric reason why it should be small.

math.AG↗

arXiv2005

Principal bundles on projective varieties and the Donaldson-Uhlenbeck compactification

Let $H$ be a semisimple algebraic group. We prove the semistable reduction theorem for $μ$--semistable principal $H$--bundles over a {\it smooth projective variety $X$} defined over the field $\bc$. When $X$ is a {\it smooth projective surface} and $H$ is simple, we construct the algebro--geometric Donaldson--Uhlenbeck compactification of the moduli space of $μ$--semistable principal $H$--bundles with fixed characteristic classes and describe its points. For large characteristic classes we show that the moduli space of $μ$--stable principal $H$--bundles is non--empty.

math.AG↗

arXiv2002

Semistable Principal Bundles-II (in positive characteristics)

Let H be a semisimple algebaric group and let X be a smooth projective curve defined over an algebraically closed field k. In the first part of this paper we show that the moduli of semistable principal H-bundles exists once given a "low-height" representation of H. We also show the projectivity of the moduli space if p > ψ, where ψis a representation theoritic index. The projectivity is a consequence of a semistable reduction theorem. The irreducibility of the moduli space of semistable H-bundles for simple and simply connected group is obtained as a consequence.

math.AG↗