arXiv subjects

V. I. Tretyak

Publications and source records attributed to V. I. Tretyak.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2021

Measurement of the distribution of $^{207}$Bi depositions on calibration sources for SuperNEMO

The SuperNEMO experiment will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0νββ$), and study the Standard-Model double-beta decay process ($2νββ$). The SuperNEMO technology can measure the energy of each of the electrons produced in a double-beta ($ββ$) decay, and can reconstruct the topology of their individual tracks. The study of the double-beta decay spectrum requires very accurate energy calibration to be carried out periodically. The SuperNEMO Demonstrator Module will be calibrated using 42 calibration sources, each consisting of a droplet of $^{207}$Bi within a frame assembly. The quality of these sources, which depends upon the entire $^{207}$Bi droplet being contained within the frame, is key for correctly calibrating SuperNEMO's energy response. In this paper, we present a novel method for precisely measuring the exact geometry of the deposition of $^{207}$Bi droplets within the frames, using Timepix pixel detectors. We studied 49 different sources and selected 42 high-quality sources with the most central source positioning.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2021

Phonon-mediated crystal detectors with metallic film coating capable of rejecting $α$ and $β$ events induced by surface radioactivity

Phonon-mediated particle detectors based on single crystals and operated at millikelvin temperatures are used in rare-event experiments for neutrino physics and dark-matter searches. In general, these devices are not sensitive to the particle impact point, especially if the detection is mediated by thermal phonons. In this Letter, we demonstrate that excellent discrimination between interior and surface $β$ and $α$ events can be achieved by coating a crystal face with a thin metallic film, either continuous or in the form of a grid. The coating affects the phonon energy down-conversion cascade that follows the particle interaction, leading to a modified signal shape for close-to-film events. An efficient identification of surface events was demonstrated with detectors based on a rectangular $20 \times 20 \times 10$ mm$^3$ Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystal coated with a Pd normal-metal film (10~nm thick) and with Al-Pd superconductive bi-layers (100~nm-10~nm thick) on a $20 \times 20$ mm$^2$ face. Discrimination capabilities were tested with $^{238}$U sources emitting both $α$ and $β$ particles. Surface events are identified for energy depositions down to millimeter-scale depths from the coated surface. With this technology, a substantial improvement of the background figure can be achieved in experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2021

New Limit for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of $^{100}$Mo from the CUPID-Mo Experiment

The CUPID-Mo experiment at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (France) is a demonstrator for CUPID, the next-generation ton-scale cryogenic $0νββ$ experiment. It consists of a 4.2 kg array of 20 enriched Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers to search for the lepton number violating process of $0νββ$ decay in $^{100}$Mo. With more than one year of operation (2.16 kg$\times$yr of physics data), no event in the region of interest and hence no evidence for $0νββ$ is observed. We report a new limit on the half-life of $0νββ$ decay in $^{100}$Mo of $T_{1/2} > 1.5 \times 10^{24}\,$yr at 90 % C.I. The limit corresponds to an effective Majorana neutrino mass $\langle m_{ββ} \rangle$ $<$ (0.31--0.54)$\,$eV, dependent on the nuclear matrix element in the light Majorana neutrino exchange interpretation.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2021

Pulse Shape Discrimination in CUPID-Mo using Principal Component Analysis

CUPID-Mo is a cryogenic detector array designed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0νββ$) of $^{100}$Mo. It uses 20 scintillating $^{100}$Mo-enriched Li$_2$MoO$_4$ bolometers instrumented with Ge light detectors to perform active suppression of $α$ backgrounds, drastically reducing the expected background in the $0νββ$ signal region. As a result, pileup events and small detector instabilities that mimic normal signals become non-negligible potential backgrounds. These types of events can in principle be eliminated based on their signal shapes, which are different from those of regular bolometric pulses. We show that a purely data-driven principal component analysis based approach is able to filter out these anomalous events, without the aid of detector response simulations.

physics.data-an↗

arXiv2020

Search for double beta decay of $^{106}$Cd with an enriched $^{106}$CdWO$_4$ crystal scintillator in coincidence with CdWO$_4$ scintillation counters

Studies on double beta decay processes in $^{106}$Cd were performed by using a cadmium tungstate scintillator enriched in $^{106}$Cd at 66% ($^{106}$CdWO$_4$) with two CdWO$_4$ scintillation counters (with natural Cd composition). No effect was observed in the data accumulated over 26033 h. New improved half-life limits were set on the different channels and modes of the $^{106}$Cd double beta decay at level of $\lim T_{1/2}\sim 10^{20}-10^{22}$ yr. The limit for the two neutrino electron capture with positron emission in $^{106}$Cd to the ground state of $^{106}$Pd, $T^{2ν\mathrm{EC}β^+}_{1/2}\geq2.1\times 10^{21}$ yr, was set by the analysis of the $^{106}$CdWO$_4$ data in coincidence with the energy release 511 keV in both CdWO$_4$ counters. The sensitivity approaches the theoretical predictions for the decay half-life that are in the range $T_{1/2}\sim10^{21}-10^{22}$ yr. The resonant neutrinoless double-electron capture to the 2718 keV excited state of $^{106}$Pd is restricted at the level of $T^{0ν\mathrm{2K}}_{1/2}\geq2.9\times10^{21}$ yr

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2020

Search for alpha decay of naturally occurring osmium nuclides accompanied by gamma quanta

A search for $α$ decay of naturally occurring osmium isotopes to the lowest excited levels of daughter nuclei has been performed by using an ultra-low-background Broad-Energy Germanium $γ$-detector with a volume of 112 cm$^3$ and an ultra-pure osmium sample with a mass of 118 g at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the INFN (Italy). The isotopic composition of the osmium sample has been measured with high precision using Negative Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry. After 15851 h of data taking with the $γ$-detector no effect has been detected, and lower limits on the $α$ decays were set at level of $\lim T_{1/2}\sim 10^{15}-10^{19}$ yr. The limits for the $α$ decays of $^{184}$Os and $^{186}$Os to the first excited levels of daughter nuclei, $T_{1/2}(^{184}$Os$)\geq 6.8\times10^{15}$ yr and $T_{1/2}(^{186}$Os$)\geq3.3\times10^{17}$ yr (at 90% C.L.), exceed the present theoretical estimates of the decays half-lives. For $^{189}$Os and $^{192}$Os also decays to the ground states of the daughter nuclei were searched for due to the instability of the daughter nuclides relative to $β$ decay.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2020

Decay scheme of 50V

Investigation of the $^{50}$V electron-capture to the $2^+$ 1553.8 keV level of $^{50}$Ti and search for $β^-$ decay of $^{50}$V to the $2^+$ 783.3 keV level of $^{50}$Cr (both those decays are fourfold forbidden with $ΔJ^{Δπ}=4^+$) have been performed using a vanadium sample of natural isotopic abundance with mass of 955 g. The measurements were conducted with the help of an ultra low-background HPGe-detector system located 225 m underground in the laboratory HADES (Belgium). The measured value of the half-life of $^{50}$V for electron capture was $T^{\mathrm{EC}}_{1/2}=(2.77^{+0.20}_{-0.19})\times 10^{17}$ yr. The $β^-$-decay branch was not detected and the corresponding lower bound of the half-life was $T^β_{1/2}\geq 8.9\times 10^{18}$ yr at the 90\% confidence level.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2020

Neutrinoless Double-Electron Capture

Double-beta processes play a key role in the exploration of neutrino and weak interaction properties, and in the searches for effects beyond the Standard Model. During the last half century many attempts were undertaken to search for double-beta decay with emission of two electrons, especially for its neutrinoless mode ($0\nu2β^-$), the latter being still not observed. Double-electron capture (2EC) was not in focus so far because of its in general lower transition probability. However, the rate of neutrinoless double-electron capture ($0\nu2$EC) can experience a resonance enhancement by many orders of magnitude in case the initial and final states are energetically degenerate. In the resonant case, the sensitivity of the $0\nu2$EC process can approach the sensitivity of the $0\nu2β^-$ decay in the search for the Majorana mass of neutrinos, right-handed currents, and other new physics. We present an overview of the main experimental and theoretical results obtained during the last decade in this field. The experimental part outlines search results of 2EC processes and measurements of the decay energies for possible resonant $0ν$2EC transitions. An unprecedented precision in the determination of decay energies with Penning traps has allowed one to refine the values of the degeneracy parameter for all previously known near-resonant decays and has reduced the rather large uncertainties in the estimate of the $0\nu2$EC half-lives. The theoretical part contains an updated analysis of the electron shell effects and an overview of the nuclear structure models, in which the nuclear matrix elements of the $0\nu2$EC decays are calculated. One can conclude that the decay probability of $0ν$2EC can experience a significant enhancement in several nuclides.

hep-ph↗

arXiv2020

Developments and improvements of radiopure ZnWO$_{4}$ anisotropic scintillators

The ZnWO$_4$ is an anisotropic crystal scintillator; for its peculiar characteristics, it is a very promising detector to exploit the so-called directionality approach in the investigation of those Dark Matter (DM) candidates inducing nuclear recoils. Recently, in the framework of the ADAMO project, an R\&D to develop high quality and ultra-radiopure ZnWO$_4$ crystal scintillators has been carried out. In the present paper the measurements to study the anisotropic response of a ZnWO$_4$ to $α$ particles and to nuclear recoils induced by neutron scattering are reported. Monochromatic neutrons have been produced by a neutron generator at ENEA-CASACCIA. The quenching factor values for nuclear recoils along different crystallographic axes have been determined for three different nuclear recoils energies. These results open the possibility to realize a pioneer experiment to investigate the above mentioned DM candidates by means of the directionality.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2020

Measurements of ZnWO$_4$ anisotropic response to nuclear recoils for the ADAMO project

Anisotropic scintillators can offer a unique possibility to exploit the so-called directionality approach in order to investigate the presence of those Dark Matter (DM) candidates inducing nuclear recoils. In fact, their use can overcome the difficulty of detecting extremely short nuclear recoil traces. In this paper we present recent measurements performed on the anisotropic response of a ZnWO$_4$ crystal scintillator to nuclear recoils, in the framework of the ADAMO project. The anisotropic features of the ZnWO$_4$ crystal scintillators were initially measured with $α$ particles; those results have been also confirmed by the additional measurements presented here. The experimental nuclear recoil data were obtained by using a neutron generator at ENEA-CASACCIA and neutron detectors to tag the scattered neutrons; in particular, the quenching factor values for nuclear recoils along different crystallographic axes have been determined for three different neutron scattering angles (i.e. nuclear recoils energies). From these measurements, the anisotropy of the light response for nuclear recoils in the ZnWO$_4$ crystal scintillator has been determined at 5.4 standard deviations.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2020

Search for the double-beta decay of 82Se to the excited states of 82Kr with NEMO-3

The double-beta decay of 82Se to the 0+1 excited state of 82Kr has been studied with the NEMO-3 detector using 0.93 kg of enriched 82Se measured for 4.75 y, corresponding to an exposure of 4.42 kg y. A dedicated analysis to reconstruct the gamma-rays has been performed to search for events in the 2e2g channel. No evidence of a 2nbb decay to the 0+1 state has been observed and a limit of T2n 1/2(82Se; 0+gs -> 0+1) > 1.3 1021 y at 90% CL has been set. Concerning the 0nbb decay to the 0+1 state, a limit for this decay has been obtained with T0n 1/2(82Se; 0+g s -> 0+1) > 2.3 1022 y at 90% CL, independently from the 2nbb decay process. These results are obtained for the first time with a tracko-calo detector, reconstructing every particle in the final state.

physics.ins-det↗

arXiv2020

First search for $2\varepsilon$ and $\varepsilonβ^+$ decay of $^{174}$Hf

The first ever search for $2\varepsilon$ and $\varepsilonβ^+$ decay of $^{174}$Hf was realized using a high-pure sample of hafnium (with mass 179.8 g) and the ultra low-background HPGe-detector system located 225 m underground. After 75 days of data taking no indication of the double beta decay transitions could be detected but lower limits for the half-lives of the different channels and modes of the decays were set on the level of $\lim T_{1/2}\sim 10^{16}-10^{18}$ a.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2019

Precise measurement of $2νββ$ decay of $^{100}$Mo with the CUPID-Mo detection technology

We report the measurement of the two-neutrino double-beta ($2νββ$) decay of $^{100}$Mo to the ground state of $^{100}$Ru using lithium molybdate (\crystal) scintillating bolometers. The detectors were developed for the CUPID-Mo program and operated at the EDELWEISS-III low background facility in the Modane underground laboratory. From a total exposure of $42.235$ kg$\times$d, the half-life of $^{100}$Mo is determined to be $T_{1/2}^{2ν}=[7.12^{+0.18}_{-0.14}\,\mathrm{(stat.)}\pm0.10\,\mathrm{(syst.)}]\times10^{18}$ years. This is the most accurate determination of the $2νββ$ half-life of $^{100}$Mo to date. We also confirm, with the statistical significance of $>3σ$, that the single-state dominance model of the $2νββ$ decay of $^{100}$Mo is favored over the high-state dominance model.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2019

First data from the CUPID-Mo neutrinoless double beta decay experiment

The CUPID-Mo experiment is searching for neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{100}$Mo, evaluating the technology of cryogenic scintillating Li$_{2}^{100}$MoO$_4$ detectors for CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle ID). CUPID-Mo detectors feature background suppression using a dual-readout scheme with Li$_{2}$MoO$_4$ crystals complemented by Ge bolometers for light detection. The detection of both heat and scintillation light signals allows the efficient discrimination of $α$ from $γ$&$β$ events. In this proceedings, we discuss results from the first 2 months of data taking in spring 2019. In addition to an excellent bolometric performance of 6.7$\,$keV (FWHM) at 2615$\,$keV and an $α$ separation of better than 99.9\% for all detectors, we report on bulk radiopurity for Th and U. Finally, we interpret the accumulated physics data in terms of a limit of $T_{1/2}^{0ν}\,> 3\times10^{23}\,$yr for $^{100}$Mo and discuss the sensitivity of CUPID-Mo until the expected end of physics data taking in early 2020.

hep-ex↗

arXiv2019

First search for $α$ decays of naturally occurring Hf nuclides with emission of $γ$ quanta

The first ever search for $α$ decays to the first excited state in Yb was performed for six isotopes of hafnium (174, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180) using a high purity Hf-sample of natural isotopic abundance with a mass of 179.8 g. For $^{179}$Hf, also $α$ decay to the ground state of $^{175}$Yb was searched for thanks to the $β$-instability of the daughter nuclide $^{175}$Yb. The measurements were conducted using an ultra low-background HPGe-detector system located 225 m underground. After 75 d of data taking no decays were detected but lower bounds for the half-lives of the decays were derived on the level of $\lim T_{1/2}\sim 10^{15}-10^{18}$~a. The decay with the shortest half-life based on theoretical calculation is the decay of $^{174}$Hf to the first $2^+$ 84.3~keV excited level of $^{170}$Yb. The experimental lower bound was found to be $T_{1/2}\geq 3.3\times 10^{15}$ a.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2019

First direct search for $2ε$ and $εβ^+$ decay of $^{144}$Sm and $2β^-$ decay of $^{154}$Sm

The first direct search for the double electron capture ($2ε$) and the electron capture with positron emission ($εβ^+$) in $^{144}$Sm to the ground state and to the excited levels of $^{144}$Nd was realized by measuring - over 1899 h - a 342 g sample of highly purified samarium oxide (Sm$_2$O$_3$) with the ultra-low background HP-Ge $γ$ spectrometer GeCris (465 cm$^3$) at the STELLA facility of the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS). No effect was observed and half-life limits were estimated at the level of $T_{1/2} \sim (0.1-1.3) \times 10^{20}$ yr (90% C.L.). Moreover, for the first time half-life limits of the double beta ($2β^-$) decay of $^{154}$Sm to several excited levels of $^{154}$Gd have been set; they are at the level of $T_{1/2} \sim (0.06-8) \times 10^{20}$ yr (90% C.L.).

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2019

The $0\nu2β$-decay CROSS experiment: preliminary results and prospects

Neutrinoless double-beta decay is a key process in particle physics. Its experimental investigation is the only viable method that can establish the Majorana nature of neutrinos, providing at the same time a sensitive inclusive test of lepton number violation. CROSS (Cryogenic Rare-event Observatory with Surface Sensitivity) aims at developing and testing a new bolometric technology to be applied to future large-scale experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay of the promising nuclei $^{100}$Mo and $^{130}$Te. The limiting factor in large-scale bolometric searches for this rare process is the background induced by surface radioactive contamination, as shown by the results of the CUORE experiment. The basic concept of CROSS consists of rejecting this challenging background component by pulse-shape discrimination, assisted by a proper coating of the faces of the crystal containing the isotope of interest and serving as energy absorber of the bolometric detector. In this paper, we demonstrate that ultra-pure superconductive Al films deposited on the crystal surfaces act successfully as pulse-shape modifiers, both with fast and slow phonon sensors. Rejection factors higher than 99.9% of $α$ surface radioactivity have been demonstrated in a series of prototypes based on crystals of Li$_2$MoO$_4$ and TeO$_2$. We have also shown that point-like energy depositions can be identified up to a distance of $\sim 1$ mm from the coated surface. The present program envisions an intermediate experiment to be installed underground in the Canfranc laboratory (Spain) in a CROSS-dedicated facility. This experiment, comprising $\sim 3\times 10^{25}$ nuclei of $^{100}$Mo, will be a general test of the CROSS technology as well as a worldwide competitive search for neutrinoless double-beta decay, with sensitivity to the effective Majorana mass down to 70 meV in the most favorable conditions.

nucl-ex↗

arXiv2019

The CUPID-Mo experiment for neutrinoless double-beta decay: performance and prospects

CUPID-Mo is a bolometric experiment to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0νββ$) of $^{100}$Mo. In this article, we detail the CUPID-Mo detector concept, assembly, installation in the underground laboratory in Modane in 2018, and provide results from the first datasets. The demonstrator consists of an array of 20 scintillating bolometers comprised of $^{100}$Mo-enriched 0.2 kg Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals. The detectors are complemented by 20 thin cryogenic Ge bolometers acting as light detectors to distinguish $α$ from $γ$/$β$ events by the detection of both heat and scintillation light signals. We observe good detector uniformity, facilitating the operation of a large detector array as well as excellent energy resolution of 5.3 keV (6.5 keV) FWHM at 2615 keV, in calibration (physics) data. Based on the observed energy resolutions and light yields a separation of $α$ particles at much better than 99.9\% with equally high acceptance for $γ$/$β$ events is expected for events in the region of interest for $^{100}$Mo $0νββ$. We present limits on the crystals' radiopurity ($\leq$3 $μ$Bq/kg of $^{226}$Ra and $\leq$2 $μ$Bq/kg of $^{232}$Th). Based on these initial results we also discuss a sensitivity study for the science reach of the CUPID-Mo experiment, in particular, the ability to set the most stringent half-life limit on the $^{100}$Mo $0νββ$ decay after half a year of livetime. The achieved results show that CUPID-Mo is a successful demonstrator of the technology - developed in the framework of the LUMINEU project - selected for the CUPID experiment, a proposed follow-up of CUORE, the currently running first tonne-scale cryogenic $0νββ$ experiment.

physics.ins-det↗