arXiv subjects

V. V. Karasiev

Publications and source records attributed to V. V. Karasiev.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Quantum effects in plasmas

The year 2025 had been designated by UNESCO as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology. 125 years ago Max Planck's discovery of radiation quanta started the quantum era and 100 years ago quantum mechanics was discovered by Schroedinger, Heisenberg, Bohr, Pauli, Dirac, Born, Fermi and many others. By now, quantum mechanics is the theoretical foundation of most fields of physics and chemistry, and it is the basis for modern nanotechnology. How about plasma physics? How important are quantum effects in plasmas? In what experiments quantum effects are observed and where do they govern the behavior of plasmas? How can these effects be treated theoretically and via computer simulations? Starting with a brief historical overview we discuss the broad parameter range that is characteristic for plasmas and outline where quantum effects are relevant. This is the case primarily for warm dense matter and inertial fusion plasmas. We provide an overview on the theoretical quantum methods that are available for these dense plasmas and how their respective advantages can be combined in order to achieve predictive capability. The key is a downfolding approach that is based on first principles simulations.

physics.plasm-ph↗

arXiv2020

Carbon-Doped Sulfur Hydrides as Room-Temperature Superconductors at 270 GPa

To understand the most-recent experiment on room-temperature superconductivity in carbonaceous sulfur hydride (CSH) systems under high pressure, we have performed extensive stoichiometry and structure searches of ternary CSH compounds using generic evolutionary algorithms. Judged from the formation enthalpy of different CSH compounds, our studies conclude that certain levels of carbon doping (~5%-6%) in sulfur hydride (H$_3$S) in its R3m and phases gives rise to the most-stable structure (second to the H$_3$S itself) among the various CSH systems found. The replacement of a small amount of sulfur atoms by carbon in compounds like C$_1$S$_{15}$H$_{48}$ and C$_1$S$_{17}$H$_{54}$ results in a stronger electron-phonon coupling and a higher averaged phonon frequency that increases with pressure, thereby leading to room-temperature superconductivity at ~270 GPa. The calculated superconducting transition temperature T$_c$ of C$_1$S$_{15}$H$_{48}$ and C$_1$S$_{17}$H$_{54}$ as a function of pressure shows reasonably good agreement with experimental measurements. Before transition to superconducting states at ~80 GPa, the CSH system is predicted to have a stoichiometry of C$_2$S$_2$H$_{10}$ with a stable structure of P1 symmetry, which is supported by the direct comparison of its Raman spectrum with experiment.

cond-mat.supr-con↗

arXiv2018

A Simple Generalized Gradient Approximation for the Non-interacting Kinetic Energy Density Functional

A simple, novel, non-empirical, constraint-based orbital-free generalized gradient approximation (GGA) non-interacting kinetic energy density functional is presented along with illustrative applications. The innovation is adaptation of constraint-based construction to the essential properties of pseudo-densities from the pseudo-potentials that are essential in plane-wave-basis {\it ab initio} molecular dynamics. This contrasts with constraining to the qualitatively different Kato-cusp-condition densities. The single parameter in the new functional is calibrated by satisfying Pauli potential positivity constraints for pseudo-atom densities. In static lattice tests on simple metals and semiconductors, the new LKT functional outperforms the previous best constraint-based GGA functional, VT84F (Phys.\ Rev.\ B \textbf{88}, 161108(R) (2013)), is generally superior to a recently proposed meta-GGA, is reasonably competitive with parametrized two-point functionals, and is substantially faster.

physics.chem-ph↗

arXiv2017

Kubo-Greenwood Electrical Conductivity Formulation and Implementation for Projector Augmented Wave Datasets

As the foundation for a new computational implementation, we survey the calculation of the complex electrical conductivity tensor based on the Kubo-Greenwood (KG) formalism (J.\ Phys.\ Soc.\ Jpn. \textbf{12}, 570 (1957); Proc.\ Phys.\ Soc.\ \textbf{71}, 585 (1958)), with emphasis on derivations and technical aspects pertinent to use of projector augmented wave datasets with plane wave basis sets (Phys.\ Rev.\ B \textbf{50}, 17953 (1994)). New analytical results and a full implementation of the KG approach in an open-source Fortran 90 post-processing code for use with Quantum Espresso (J.\ Phys.\ Cond.\ Matt.\ \textbf{21}, 395502 (2009)) are presented.Named KGEC ([K]ubo [G]reenwood [E]lectronic [C]onductivity), the code calculates the full complex conductivity tensor (not just the average trace). It supports use of either the original KG formula or the popular one approximated in terms of a Dirac delta function. It provides both Gaussian and Lorentzian representations of the Dirac delta function (thoughthe Lorentzian is preferable on basic grounds). KGEC provides decomposition of the conductivity into intra- and inter-band contributions as well as degenerate state contributions. It calculates the dc conductivity tensor directly. It is MPI parallelized over k-points, bands, and plane waves, with an option to recover the plane wave processes for their use in band parallelization as well. It is designed to provide rapid convergence with respect to $\mathbf k$-point density. Examples of its use are given.

cond-mat.mes-hall↗

arXiv2012

Issues and Challenges in Orbital-free Density Functional Calculations

Solving the Euler equation which corresponds to the energy minimum of a density functional expressed in orbital-free form involves related but distinct computational challenges. One is the choice between all-electron and pseudo-potential calculations and, if the latter, construction of the pseudo-potential. Another is the stability, speed, and accuracy of solution algorithms. Underlying both is the fundamental issue of satisfactory quality of the approximate functionals (kinetic energy and exchange-correlation). We address both computational issues and illustrate them by some comparative performance testing of our recently developed modified-conjoint generalized gradient approximation kinetic energy functionals. Comparisons are given for atoms, diatomic molecules, and some simple solids.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗

arXiv2008

Constraint-based, Single-point Approximate Kinetic Energy Functionals

We present a substantial extension of our constraint-based approach for development of orbital-free (OF) kinetic-energy (KE) density functionals intended for the calculation of quantum-mechanical forces in multi-scale molecular dynamics simulations. Suitability for realistic system simulations requires that the OF-KE functional yield accurate forces on the nuclei yet be relatively simple. We therefore require that the functionals be based on DFT constraints, local, dependent upon a small number of parameters fitted to a training set of limited size, and applicable beyond the scope of the training set. Our previous "modified conjoint" generalized-gradient-type functionals were constrained to producing a positive-definite Pauli potential. Though distinctly better than several published GGA-type functionals in that they gave semi-quantitative agreement with Born-Oppenheimer forces from full Kohn-Sham results, those modified conjoint functionals suffer from unphysical singularities at the nuclei. Here we show how to remove such singularities by introducing higher-order density derivatives. We give a simple illustration of such a functional used for the dissociation energy as a function of bond length for selected molecules.

cond-mat.mtrl-sci↗