arXiv subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Vadim Rodin.
We comment on a priority claim given by the authors of Phys.Rev.C91 (2015) 6, 064311.
After application of an analytical transformation, a new exact representation for the nuclear isospin-symmetry breaking correction $δ_C$ to superallowed beta decay is obtained. The correction is shown to be essentially the reciprocal of the square of an energy parameter $Ω_M$ which characterizes the charge-exchange monopole strength distribution. The proportionality coefficient in this relation is determined by basic properties of the ground state of the even-even parent nucleus, and should be reliably calculable in any realistic nuclear model. Therefore, the single parameter $Ω_M$ contains all the information about the properties of excited $0^+$ states needed to describe $δ_C$. This parameter can possibly be determined experimentally by charge-exchange reactions. Basic quantities of interest are calculated within the isospin-consistent continuum random phase approximation, and the values of $δ_C$ are compared with the corresponding results from other approaches.
Within QRPA we achieve partial restoration of the isospin symmetry and hence fulfillment of the requirement that the $2νββ$ Fermi matrix element $M^{2ν}_F$ vanishes, as it should, unlike in the previous version of the method. This is accomplished by separating the renormalization parameter $g_{pp}$ of the particle-particle proton-neutron interaction into the isovector and isoscalar parts. The isovector parameter $g_{pp}^{T=1}$ need to be chosen to be essentially equal to the pairing constant $g_{pair}$, so no new parameter is needed. For the $0νββ$ decay the Fermi matrix element $M^{0ν}_F$ is substantially reduced, while the full matrix element $M^{0ν}$ is reduced by $\approx$ 10%. We argue that this more consistent approach should be used from now on in the proton-neutron QRPA and in analogous methods.
A new generation of neutrinoless double beta decay experiments with improved sensitivity is currently under design and construction. They will probe inverted hierarchy region of the neutrino mass pattern. There is also a revived interest to the resonant neutrinoless double-electron capture, which has also a potential to probe lepton number conservation and to investigate the neutrino nature and mass scale. The primary concern are the nuclear matrix elements. Clearly, the accuracy of the determination of the effective Majorana neutrino mass from the measured 0νββ-decay half-life is mainly determined by our knowledge of the nuclear matrix elements. We review recent progress achieved in the calculation of 0νββand 0νECEC nuclear matrix elements within the quasiparticle random phase approximation. A considered self-consistent approach allow to derive the pairing, residual interactions and the two-nucleon short-range correlations from the same modern realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials. The effect of nuclear deformation is taken into account. A possibility to evaluate 0νββ-decay matrix elements phenomenologically is discussed.
As shown in Ref. \cite{Rod09}, the Fermi part $M_{F}^{0ν}$ of the total $0νββ$-decay nuclear matrix element $M^{0ν}$ can be related to the single Fermi transition matrix element between the isobaric analog state (IAS) of the ground state of the initial nucleus and the ground state of the final nucleus. The latter matrix element could be measured in charge-exchange reactions. Here we discuss a possibility of such a measurement for $^{48}$Ca and estimate the cross-section of the reaction $^{48}$Ti(n,p)$^{48}$Sc(IAS).
In the present work the sensitivity of the QRPA calculation results to a realistic residual interaction is analyzed in the framework of the approach of Refs. \cite{Rum98,Rodin05}. Both Gamow-Teller (GT) and Fermi (F) \bb-decay amplitudes $M^{2ν}$, along with the corresponding energy-weighted sum rules $S$, are calculated. General expressions relating $S$ to a realistic residual particle-particle interaction are derived, which show a pronounced sensitivity of $S$ to the singlet-channel interaction in the case of F transitions, and to the triplet-channel interaction in the case of GT transitions. Decompositions of $M^{2ν}$, as well as the monopole transition contributions to $M^{0ν}$, are obtained by the method of Refs. \cite{Rum98,Rodin05}. It is shown that in most of the cases almost the whole dependence of $M^{2ν}$ and $M^{0ν}$ on the particle-particle renormalization parameter $g_{pp}$ is accounted for by the $g_{pp}$-dependence of the corresponding sum rules $S$. Thus, the $g_{pp}$-sensitivity of calculated $M^{2ν}$ and $M^{0ν}$ is unavoidable since it is dictated by the generic structure of the $ββ$ amplitudes. Finally, a better isospin-consistent way of a renormalization of the realistic residual particle-particle interaction to use in QRPA calculations is suggested.
In this paper a microscopic state-of-the-art approach to calculation of the nuclear matrix element $M^{0ν}$ for neutrinoless double beta decay with an account for nuclear deformation is presented in length and applied for $^{76}$Ge, $^{150}$Nd and $^{160}$Gd. The proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA) with a realistic residual interaction [the Brueckner $G$ matrix derived from the charge-depending Bonn (Bonn-CD) nucleon-nucleon potential] is used as the underlying nuclear structure model. The effects of the short range correlations and the quenching of the axial vector coupling constant $g_A$ are analyzed. The results show that neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{150}$Nd, to be measured soon by the SNO+ collaboration, provides one of the best probes of the Majorana neutrino mass. This confirms our preliminary conclusion in Ref. {Fang10}.
As shown in Ref.\cite{Rod09}, the Fermi nuclear matrix element $M^{0ν}_F$ of neutrinoless double beta ($0νββ$) decay can be reconstructed if one is able to measure the isospin-forbidden single Fermi transition matrix element from the ground state of the final nucleus to the isobaric analog state (IAS) of the initial nucleus, for instance by means of charge-exchange reactions of the $(n,p)$-type. Here, simple estimates for $^{82}$Se are made which show that indeed the tiny cross section $σ_{np}(0_f^+\to IAS)$ is dominated by the admixture of the double IAS in the ground state of the final nucleus provided that the isospin mixing is weak and can be treated perturbatively. A measurement of such a cross section would definitely be a very difficult task, but it can advance a lot our knowledge of the $0νββ$ nuclear matrix element.
A microscopic state-of-the-art calculation of the nuclear matrix element for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{150}$Nd with an account for nuclear deformation is performed. The proton-neutron quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA) with a realistic residual interaction [the Brueckner $G$ matrix derived from the charge-depending Bonn (Bonn-CD) nucleon-nucleon potential] is used as the underlying nuclear structure model. The present calculated matrix element is suppressed by about 40% as compared with our previous QRPA result for $^{150}$Nd obtained with neglect of deformation. By making use of this newest nuclear matrix element, one may conclude that neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{150}$Nd, to be measured soon by the SNO+ collaboration, provides one of the best probes of the Majorana neutrino mass.
The methods used till now to calculate the neutrinoless double beta decay matrix elements are: the Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation (QRPA), the Shell Model (SM), the angular momentum projected Hartee-Fock-Bogoliubov approach (HFB) and the Interacting Boson Model (IBM). The different approaches are compared specifically concerning the the angular momenta and parities of the neutron pairs, which are changed into two protons by the $0νββ$ decay. The QRPA and SM involve about the same angular momentum and parity neutron pairs, while the HFB is restricted to $0^{+}, 2^{+}, 4^{+}, ...$, and IBM to $0^{+}$ and $2^{+}$ nucleon pairs. The differences in the seniority contributions for the QRPA and the SM are discussed.
An isospin-selfconsistent pn-continuum-QRPA approach is formulated and applied to describe the Gamow-Teller strength distributions for $ββ$-decaying open-shell nuclei. The calculation results obtained for the pairs of nuclei $^{76}$Ge-Se, $^{100}$Mo-Ru, $^{116}$Cd-Sn, and $^{130}$Te-Xe are compared with available experimental data.
The $2νββ$-decay running sums for $^{76}$Ge and $^{150}$Nd nuclei are calculated within a QRPA approach with account for deformation. A realistic nucleon-nucleon residual interaction based on the Brueckner G matrix (for the Bonn CD force) is used. The influence of different model parameters on the functional behavior of the running sums is studied. It is found that the parameter $g_{pp}$ renormalizing the G matrix in the QRPA particle-particle channel is responsible for a qualitative change in behavior of the running sums at higher excitation energies. For realistic values of $g_{pp}$ a significant negative contribution to the total $2νββ$-decay matrix element is found to come from the energy region of the giant Gamow-Teller resonance. This behavior agrees with the results of other authors.
The present status of calculations of the nuclear matrix elements for neutrinoless double beta decay is reviewed. A proposal which allows in principle to measure the neutrinoless double beta decay Fermi matrix element is briefly described.
By making use of the isospin conservation by strong interaction, the Fermi $0νββ$ nuclear matrix element $M_{F}^{0ν}$ is transformed to acquire the form of an energy-weighted double Fermi transition matrix element. This useful representation allows reconstruction of the total $M_{F}^{0ν}$ provided a small isospin-breaking Fermi matrix element between the isobaric analog state in the intermediate nucleus and the ground state of the daughter nucleus could be measured, e.g. by charge-exchange reactions. Such a measurement could set a scale for the $0νββ$ nuclear matrix elements and help much to discriminate between different nuclear structure models in which calculated $M_{F}^{0ν}$ may differ by as much as the factor of 5.
A self-consistent calculation of nuclear matrix elements of the neutrinoless double beta decays (0nbb) of 76Ge, 82Se, 96Zr, 100Mo, 116Cd, 128Te, 130Te and 130Xe is presented in the framework of the renormalized quasiparticle random phase approximation (RQRPA) and the standard QRPA. The pairing and residual interactions as well as the two-nucleon short-range correlations are for the first time derived from the same modern realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials, namely from charge-dependent Bonn potential (CD-Bonn) and the Argonne V18 potential. In a comparison with the traditional approach of using the Miller-Spencer Jastrow correlations matrix elements for the 0nbb-decay are obtained, which are larger in magnitude. We analyze the differences among various two-nucleon correlations including those of the unitary correlation operator method (UCOM) and quantify the uncertainties in the calculated 0nbb-decay matrix elements.
A method to implement realistic nucleon-nucleon residual interaction (Bonn CD force) based on the Brueckner G-matrix into the Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation (QRPA) for deformed nuclei is formulated. The two-neutrino double decay for ground state to ground state transitions $^{76}$Ge$ \to ^{76}$Se and $^{150}$Nd $\to ^{150}$Sm is calculated along with the Gamow-Teller strength distributions. The effect of deformation on the observables is studied.
A method to calculate the nuclear double beta decay ($2νββ$- and $0νββ$-) amplitudes within the continuum random phase approximation (cQRPA) is formulated. Calculations of the $ββ$ transition amplitudes within the cQRPA are performed for ^{76}Ge, ^{100}Mo and ^{130}Te. A rather simple nuclear Hamiltonian consisting of phenomenological mean field and zero-range residual particle-hole and particle-particle interaction is used. The calculated M^{2ν} are almost not affected when the single-particle continuum is taken into account. At the same time, a regular suppression of the $0νββ$-amplitude is found that can be associated with additional ground state correlations due to collective states in the continuum. It is expected that future inclusion of the nucleon pairing in the single-particle continuum will somewhat compensate the suppression.
Estimates of nuclear matrix elements for neutrinoless double beta decay (0nu2beta) based on the quasiparticle random phase approximations (QRPA) are affected by theoretical uncertainties, which can be substantially reduced by fixing the unknown strength parameter g_pp of the residual particle-particle interaction through one experimental constraint - most notably through the two-neutrino double beta decay (2nu2beta) lifetime. However, it has been noted that the g_pp adjustment via 2\nu2βdata may bring QRPA models in disagreement with independent data on electron capture (EC) and single beta decay (beta^-) lifetimes. Actually, in two nuclei of interest for 0nu2beta decay (Mo-100 and Cd-116), for which all such data are available, we show that the disagreement vanishes, provided that the axial vector coupling g_A is treated as a free parameter, with allowance for g_A<1 (``strong quenching''). Three independent lifetime data (2nu2beta, EC, β^-) are then accurately reproduced by means of two free parameters (g_pp, g_A), resulting in an overconstrained parameter space. In addition, the sign of the 2nu2beta matrix element M^2nu is unambiguously selected (M^2nu>0) by the combination of all data. We discuss quantitatively, in each of the two nuclei, these phenomenological constraints and their consequences for QRPA estimates of the 0nu2beta matrix elements and of their uncertainties.