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Vahid Karimipour

Publications and source records attributed to Vahid Karimipour.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Construction of channels which in every dimension anti-degrade the depolarizing channel

We consider the depolarizing channel in $d$ dimension defined as $D_x(ρ)=(1-x)ρ+x\: \textit{tr}(ρ) \frac{I}{d}$, and explicitly find a quantum channel ${\cal N}_x$ which anti-degrades this, when $x\geq\frac{1}{2}$. This proves that the depolarizing channel $D_x$ has zero capacity when $x\geq\frac{1}{2}$. As a corollary, this implies that any quantum channel when contaminated by white noise stronger than this value loses its capacity completely. Although by arguments based on symmetric-extendibiliy of the Choi matrix, it is known that the channel is anti-degradable when $x\geq \frac{d}{2(d+1)}$, the explicit form of the anti-degrading channel in this larger interval is not known. We also calculate in closed form the capacity of the complenetary channel ${\cal D}_x^c$ in the region $x\geq \frac{1}{2}$. This adds to the existing list of quantum channels for which the quantum capacity has been calculated in closed form.

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Bending hyperplanes: nonlinear entanglement witnesses via envelopes of linear witnesses

Entanglement witnesses (EWs) are fundamental tools for detecting entanglement. However traditional linear witnesses often fail to identify most of the entangled states. In this work, we construct a family of nonlinear entanglement witnesses by taking the envelope of linear witnesses defined over continuous families of pure bipartite states with fixed Schmidt bases. This procedure effectively "bends" the hyperplanes associated with linear witnesses into curved hypersurfaces, thereby extending the region of detectable entangled states. The resulting conditions can be expressed in terms of the positive semidefiniteness of a family of matrices, whose principal minors define a hierarchy of increasingly sensitive detection criteria. We show that this construction is not limited to the transposition map and generalizes naturally to arbitrary positive but not completely positive (PnCP) maps, leading to nonlinear analogs of general entanglement witnesses. We emphasize that the required measurements remain experimentally accessible, as the nonlinear criteria are still formulated in terms of expectation values over local operator bases. Through both analytical and numerical examples, we demonstrate that the proposed nonlinear witnesses outperform their linear counterparts in detecting entangled states which may evade individual linear EWs in the construction. This approach offers a practical and conceptually elegant enhancement to entanglement detection in finite-dimensional systems.

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Exact Quantum Capacity of Decohering Channels in Arbitrary Dimensions

We derive exact analytical expressions for the quantum capacity of a broad subclasses of generalized dephasing channels of the form $Λ(ρ)=(1-x)ρ+ x D(ρ)$, where $D(ρ)$ represents a structured decoherence process. These channels are degradable for all noise parameters and in arbitrary dimensions, yielding closed-form, single-letter capacity formulas. Our analysis includes fully decohering, block-decohering, and weakly decohering channels, the latter involving coherence preservation within overlapping subspaces. Surprisingly, even under maximal decoherence, the channel may retain nonzero capacity due to residual coherence structure. These results provide quantitative role for decoherence-free and partially coherent subspaces in preserving quantum information, offering guidance for encoding strategies in quantum memories and fault-tolerant quantum communication systems.

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Entanglement generation and scaling from noisy quenches across a quantum critical point

We study the impact of noise on the dynamics of entanglement in the transverse-field Ising chain, with the field quenched linearly across one or both of the quantum critical points of the model. Taking concurrence as a measure of entanglement, we find that a quench generates entanglement between nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor spins, with noise reducing the amount of entanglement. Focusing on the next-nearest-neighbor concurrence, known to exhibit Kibble-Zurek scaling with the square root of the quench rate in the noiseless case, we find a different result when noise is present: The concurrence now scales logarithmically with the quench rate, with a noise-dependent amplitude. This is also different from the ``anti-Kibble-Zurek" scaling of defect density with quench rate when noise is present, suggesting that noisy entanglement generation is largely independent from the rate of defect formation. Intriguingly, the critical time scale beyond which no entanglement is produced by a noisy quench scales as a power law with the strength of noise, with the same exponent as that which governs the optimal quench time for which defect formation is at a minimum in a standard quantum annealing scheme.

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Capacities of a two-parameter family of noisy Werner-Holevo channels

In $d=2j+1$ dimensions, the Landau-Streater quantum channel is defined on the basis of spin $j$ representation of the $su(2)$ algebra. Only for $j=1$, this channel is equivalent to the Werner-Holevo channel and enjoys covariance properties with respect to the group $SU(3)$. We extend this class of channels to higher dimensions in a way which is based on the Lie algebra $so(d)$ and $su(d)$. As a result it retains its equivalence to the Werner-Holevo channel in arbitrary dimensions. The resulting channel is covariant with respect to the unitary group $SU(d)$. We then modify this channel in a way which can act as a noisy channel on qudits. The resulting modified channel now interpolates between the identity channel and the Werner-Holevo channel and its covariance is reduced to the subgroup of orthogonal matrices $SO(d)$. We then investigate some of the propeties of the resulting two-parameter family of channels, including their spectrum, their regions of lack of indivisibility, their Holevo quantity, entanglement-assisted capacity and the closed form of their complement channel and a possible lower bound for their quantum capacity.

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A review of perfect quantum state transfer, from one to two and three dimensional arrays of qubits

In the light of recent advances in fabricating single layer quantum chips and a possible road toward development of multi-layer quantum chips, we review, in a detailed way, the subject of quantum state transfer with particular emphasis on perfect quantum state transfer in two and three dimensional lattices. We show how one can route an unknown quantum state from one node in a single layer of a quantum chip to another one on another layer with unit fidelity. Our method of presentation in this review allows the reader with a modest background in quantum mechanics to grasp the essential ideas and methods of this important branch of quantum information theory.

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A class of entanglement witnesses and a realignment-like criterion

We present a multi-parameter family of positive maps between spaces of differing dimensions. This framework facilitates the construction of Entanglement Witnesses (EWs) specifically designed for systems living in $d_1 \times d_2$ dimensions. A sufficient condition for positivity is presented. Interestingly, it is shown that all EWs constructed this way are equivalent to a single realignment-like criterion which for $d_1 \neq d_2$ is in general stronger than the original realignment criterion. We illustrate effectiveness of this criterion considering examples of Positive Partial Transpose (PPT) entangled states in $3 \times 3$ and $3 \times 4$ dimensions.

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The noisy Landau-Streater(Werner-Holevo) channel in arbitrary dimensions

Two important classes of quantum channels, namly the Werner-Holevo and the Landau-Streater channels are known to be related only in three dimensions, i.e. when acting on qutrits. In this work, definition of the Landau-Streater channel is extended in such a way which retains its equivalence to the Werner-Holevo channel in all dimensions. This channel is then modified to be representable as a model of noise acting on qudits. We then investigate propeties of the resulting noisy channel and determine the conditions under which it cannot be the result of a Markovian evolution. Furthermore, we investigate its different capacities for transmitting classical and quantum information with or without entanglement. In particular, while the pure (or high noise) Landau-Streater or the Werner-Holevo channel is entanglement breaking and hence has zero capacity, by finding a lower bound for the quantum capacity, we show that when the level of noise is lower than a critical value the quantum capacity will be non-zero. Surprizingly this value turns out to be approximately equal to $0.4$ in all dimensions. Finally we show that, in even dimension, this channel has a decomposition in terms of unitary operations. This is in contrast with the three dimensional case where it has been proved that such a decomposition is impossible, even in terms of other quantum maps.

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Quantum Speed Limits for Implementation of Unitary Transformations

Quantum speed limits are the boundaries that define how quickly one quantum state can transform into another. Instead of focusing on the transformation between pairs of states, we provide bounds on the speed limit of quantum evolution by unitary operators in arbitrary dimensions. These do not depend on the initial and final state but depend only on the trace of the unitary operator that is to be implemented and the gross characteristics (average and variance) of the energy spectrum of the Hamiltonian which generates this unitary evolution. The bounds that we find can be thought of as the generalization of the Mandelstam-Tamm (TM) and the Margolus-Levitin (ML) bound for state transformations to implementations of unitary operators. We will discuss the application of these bounds in several classes of transformations that are of interest in quantum information processing.

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Witnessing entanglement of remote particles with incomplete teleportation

Having common reference frames or aligned coordinate systems, is one of the presumptions in witnessing entanglement in a two-party state possessed by two remote parties. This assumption may fail for many reasons. With an unlimited supply of singlet states, the two parties can first align their coordinate systems and then measure any entanglement witness. In this article, we propose an alternative method which uses the same resource for incomplete teleportation of states between the two parties, enabeling them to witness the entanglement of any shared state by local measurements without the need of prior alignment of the coordinate systems. The method works for any kind of witness and in any dimension. Beyond the context of Entanglement Witnesses, our method works also for remote measurements of observables of particles (entangled or not) in laboratories which may have deficiency in their resources.

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The noisy Werner-Holevo channel and its properties

The interest in the Werner-Holevo channel $Λ_{1} (ρ)=\frac{1}{2}(\text{tr}(ρ)I-ρ^T)$ has been mainly due to its abstract mathematical properties. We show that in three dimensions and with a slight modification, this channel can be realized as the rotation of qutrit states in random directions by random angles. Our modification takes the form $Λ_x(ρ)=(1-x)ρ+xΛ_1(ρ)$. Therefore and in view of the potential use of qutrits in quantum processing tasks and their realization in many different platforms, the modified Werner-Holevo channel can be used as a very simple and realistic noise model, in the same way that the depolarizing channel is for qubits. We will make a detailed study of this channel and derive its various properties. In particular, we will use the recently proposed flag extension and other techniques to derive analytical expressions and bounds for the different capacities of this channel. The role of symmetry is revealed in these derivations. We also rigorously prove that the channel $Λ_x$ is anti-degradable and hence has zero quantum capacity, in the region $\frac{4}{7}\leq x\leq 1.$

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Quantum coherence between subspaces: State transformation, Cohering Power, $k$-coherence and other properties

The concept of bock-coherence, first introduced in [1] and developed in [2,3] encompasses the case where experimental capabilities are not so delicate to perform arbitrary refined measurements on individual atoms. We develop a framework which facilitates further investigation of this resource theory in several respects. Using this framework, we investigate the problem of state conversion by incoherent operations and show that a majorization condition is the necessary and sufficient condition for state transformation by block-incoherent operations. We also determine the form of the maximally coherent state from which all other states and all unitary gates can be constructed by incoherent operations. Thereafter, we define the concept of block-cohering and block-decohering powers of quantum channels and determine these powers for several types of channels. Finally, we explore the relation between block coherence and a previous extension of coherence, known as $k$-coherence.

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Capacities of the covariant Pauli channel

We study the four well-known capacities of a two-parameter family of qubit Pauli channels. These are the channels which are covariant under the SO(2) group and contain the depolarizing channel as a special case. We find exact expressions for the classical capacity and entanglement assisted capacities, and analytically determine the regions where the quantum capacity of the channel vanishes. We then use a flag extension to find upper bound for the quantum capacity and private capacity of these channels in the entire region of parameter space and also obtain the lower bound for the quantum capacity by calculating the single shot quantum capacity numerically. In conjunction with previous results on depolarizing channels, our result is one step forward for determining the capacities of the full Pauli channel.

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Simulating of X-states and the two-qubit XYZ Heisenberg system on IBM quantum computer

Two qubit density matrices, which are of X-shape, are a natural generalization of Bell Diagonal States (BDSs) recently simulated on the IBM quantum device. We generalize the previous results and propose a quantum circuit for simulation of a general two qubit X-state, implement it on the same quantum device, and study its entanglement for several values of the extended parameter space. We also show that their X-shape is approximately robust against noisy quantum gates. To further physically motivate this study, we invoke the two-spin Heisenberg XYZ system and show that for a wide class of initial states, it leads to dynamical density matrices which are X-states. Due to the symmetries of this Hamiltonian, we show that by only two qubits, one can simulate the dynamics of this system on the IBM quantum computer.

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Protecting an unknown qubit state by weak measurement

The problem of combating de-coherence by weak measurements has already been studied for the amplitude damping channel and for specific input states. We generalize this to a large four-parameter family of qubit channels and for the average fidelity over all pure states. As a by-product we classify all the qubit channels which have one invariant pure state and show that the parameter manifold of these channels is isomorphic to $S^2\times S^1\times S^1$ and contains many interesting subclasses of channels. The figure of merit that we use is the average input-output fidelity which we show can be increased up to $30$ percents in some cases, by tuning of the weak measurement parameter.

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Quasi-inversion of quantum and classical channels in finite dimensions

We introduce the concept of quasi-inverse of quantum and classical channels, prove general properties of these inverses and determine them for a large class of channels acting in an arbitrary finite dimension. Therefore we extend the previous results of [1] to arbitrary dimensional channels and to the classical domain. We demonstrate how application of the proposed scheme can increase on the average the fidelity between a given random pure state and its image transformed by the quantum channel followed by its quasi-inversion.

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GHZ states as near-optimal states for reference frame alignment

Let two coordinate systems, in possession of Alice and Bob, be related to each other by an unknown rotation $R\in SO(3)$. Alice is to send identical states $|ψ_0\ra$ to Bob who will make measurements on the received state and will determine the rotation $R$. The task of Bob is to estimate these parameters of the rotation $R$ by the best possible measurements. Based on the Quantum Fisher Information, we show that Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states are near optimal states for this task. Compared to the optimal states proposed before, the advantage of $GHZ$ states are that they can be more easily prepared experimentally, and more importantly, we show concrete measurements which will allow Bob to determine the rotation $R$. We also study the robustness of these states in keeping their encoded information, against common sources of noises.

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Entangled States as Robust and Re-usable Carriers of Information

Entangled states can be used as secure carriers of information much in the same way as carriers are used in classical communications. In such protocols, quantum states are uploaded to the carrier at one end and are downloaded from it in safe form at the other end, leaving the carrier intact and ready for reuse. Furthermore, protocols have been designed for performing quantum state sharing in this way. In this work, we study the robustness of these protocols against noise and show that multiple uses of these carriers do not lead to accumulative errors, rather the error remains constant and under control.

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