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Valdo Tatitscheff

Publications and source records attributed to Valdo Tatitscheff.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

Confinement in a finite duality cascade

We provide several consistency checks of confining dynamics in a recently conjectured holographic dual of a four-dimensional ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric gauge theory that flows from a conformal manifold in the UV to a finite set of isolated, fully gapped vacua in the IR. This is obtained by considering D3-branes at the conifold singularity in the presence of an O7-plane, leading to a background where all supergravity fields have a non-trivial profile. We compute holographically the expectation value of a Wilson loop in the fundamental representation and show that it obeys an area law. We then construct the domain walls which interpolate between different vacua in terms of D5-branes wrapping a compact three-cycle of the internal manifold. Their dynamics is governed by the (2+1)-dimensional ${\cal N}=1$ Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory predicted by field theory arguments, that reduces in the deep infrared to a TQFT whose inflow action correctly reproduces the mixed anomaly of the four-dimensional theory. Finally, we argue that, unlike in previous models in the literature, axionic strings are unstable in this background. This implies that the corresponding massless axion that would couple to them is absent, in agreement with the fact that the vacua are fully gapped.

hep-th

Global variants of $\mathcal{N}=1^*$ theories and Calogero-Moser systems

Global variants of four-dimensional gauge theories are specified by their spectrum of genuine Wilson-'t Hooft line operators. The choice of global variant has significant consequences when spacetime is taken to be $\mathbb{R}^3 \times S^1$. We focus on $\mathcal N=1^*$ theories, which are closely connected to twisted elliptic Calogero-Moser systems. We establish, on general grounds, how this gauge-theoretic topological data manifests itself on the integrable system side by introducing a notion of global variants for complex many-body integrable systems associated with Lie algebras. Focusing on $\mathcal N=1^*$ theories of type $A$ and $B_2$, we elucidate the implications for the structure of gapped vacua, the emergent (generalized) symmetries realized in each vacuum, and the action of spontaneously broken modular invariance.

hep-th

Spectral Networks: Bridging higher-rank Teichm\"uller theory and BPS states

This book offers a comprehensive introduction to spectral networks from a unified viewpoint that bridges geometry with the physics of supersymmetric gauge theories. It provides the foundational background needed to approach the frontiers of this rapidly evolving field, treating geometric and physical aspects in parallel. After surveying fundamental topics in algebra and geometry, a detailed introduction to higher-rank Teichm\"uller theory is developed, including Fock-Goncharov theory for Hitchin representations, maximal representations and the more recent notion of $\Theta$-positivity. Spectral networks are subsequently introduced, emphasizing their utility in the study of character varieties via the abelianization and non-abelianization maps they define. In parallel, key aspects of four-dimensional gauge dynamics with eight supercharges are explored, including electric-magnetic duality, Seiberg-Witten theory, and class $\mathcal S$ theories. The role of spectral networks as a framework for determining and analyzing BPS spectra in class $\mathcal S$ theories is then examined. The final chapter outlines recent applications of spectral networks across a range of contemporary research areas. This volume is intended for researchers and advanced students in either mathematics or physics who wish to enter the field.

math-ph

Inherited non-invertible duality symmetries in quiver SCFTs

We revisit the construction of the duality group for $\mathcal N=2$ $\widehat{A}_n$-shaped quivers SCFTs and generalize it to the previously unexplored case of $\widehat{D}_n$-shaped quivers. We then provide a systematic description of non-invertible duality symmetries in both classes. Furthermore, we characterize the $\mathcal N=1$ mass deformations of these theories that preserve such symmetries, thereby identifying a large class of $\mathcal N=1$ SCFTs with non-invertible duality symmetries inherited from their parent $\mathcal N=2$ theories.

hep-th

One-form symmetries in $\mathcal{N} = 3$ $S$-folds

We classify the global one-form symmetries for non-Lagrangian $\mathcal{N}=3$ SCFTs that arise by the action of $S$-fold projections on D3-branes. Such a classification is dictated, on a generic point of the Coulomb branch, by probing the charge spectrum of $(p, q)$-strings in the brane setup. The charge lattice of lines is then obtained by finding the ones that are genuine modulo screening by dynamical particles. The one-form symmetries are then extracted from the maximal sub-lattices of mutually local lines. We further comment on the existence of non-invertible symmetries for some of these $\mathcal{N}=3$ SCFTs.

hep-th

The Octagon at large M

Recently, the first instance of a model of D-branes at Calabi-Yau singularities where supersymmetry is broken dynamically into stable vacua has been proposed. This construction was based on a system of $N$ regular and $M=1$ fractional branes placed at the tip of the so-called (orientifolded) Octagon singularity. In this paper we show that this model admits a large $M$ generalization, having the same low energy effective dynamics. This opens up the possibility that the effect on geometry is smooth, and amenable to describing the gauge theory all along the RG flow, including the deep IR, in terms of a weakly coupled gravity dual background. The relevance of this result in the wider context of the string landscape and the Swampland program is also discussed.

hep-th

Inverse algorithm and triple point diagrams

Dimer models (also known as brane tilings) are special bipartite graphs on a torus $\mathbb{T}^2$. They encode the structure of the 4d $\mathcal{N} = 1$ worldvolume theories of D3 branes probing toric affine Calabi-Yau singularities. Constructing dimer models from a singularity can in principle be done via the so-called inverse algorithm, however it is hard to implement in practice. We discuss how combinatorial objects called triple point diagrams systematize the inverse algorithm, and show how they can be used to construct dimer models satisfying some symmetry or containing particular substructures. We present the construction of the Octagon dimer model which satisfies both types of constraints. Eventually we present a new criterion concerning possible implementations of symmetries in dimer models, in order to illustrate how the use of triple point diagrams could strengthen such statements.

hep-th

Topological quantum field theories from Hecke algebras

We construct two-dimensional non-commutative topological quantum field theories (TQFTs), one for each Hecke algebra corresponding to a finite Coxeter system. These TQFTs associate an invariant to each ciliated surface, which is a Laurent polynomial for punctured surfaces. There is a graphical way to compute the invariant using minimal colored graphs. We give explicit formulas in terms of the Schur elements of the Hecke algebra and prove positivity properties for the invariants when the Coxeter group is of classical type, or one of the exceptional types $H_3$, $E_6$ and $E_7$.

math.QA

Dimers in a Bottle

We revisit D3-branes at toric CY$_3$ singularities with orientifolds and their description in terms of dimer models. We classify orientifold actions on the dimer through smooth involutions of the torus. In particular, we describe new orientifold projections related to maps on the dimer without fixed points, leading to Klein bottles. These new orientifolds lead to novel $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFT's that resemble, in many aspects, non-orientifolded theories. For instance, we recover the presence of fractional branes and some of them trigger a cascading RG-flow \`a la Klebanov-Strassler. The remaining involutions lead to non-supersymmetric setups, thus exhausting the possible orientifolds on dimers.

hep-th

Dimers, Orientifolds and Anomalies

We study $4d$ $\mathcal{N}=1$ gauge theories engineered via D-branes at orientifolds of toric singularities, where gauge anomalies are cancelled without the introduction of non-compact flavor branes. Using dimer model techniques, we derive geometric criteria for establishing whether a given singularity can admit anomaly-free D-brane configurations purely based on its toric data and the type of orientifold projection. Our results therefore extend the dictionary between geometric properties of singularities and physical properties of the corresponding gauge theories.

hep-th

Dimers, Orientifolds and Stability of Supersymmetry Breaking Vacua

We study (orientifolded) toric Calabi-Yau singularities in search for D-brane configurations which lead to dynamical supersymmetry breaking at low energy. By exploiting dimer techniques we are able to determine that while most realizations lead to a Coulomb branch instability, a rather specific construction admits a fully stable supersymmetry breaking vacuum. We describe the geometric structure that a singularity should have in order to host such a construction, and present its simplest example, the Octagon.

hep-th

The Octagon and the Non-Supersymmetric String Landscape

We present an orientifold of a toric singularity allowing for a configuration of fractional branes which corresponds to a gauge theory that dynamically breaks supersymmetry in a stable vacuum. This model represents the first such instance within the gauge/gravity duality.

hep-th

A short introduction to Monstrous Moonshine

This article is a short and elementary introduction to the monstrous moonshine aiming to be as accessible as possible. I first review the classification of finite simple groups out of which the monster naturally arises, and features of the latter that are needed in order to state the moonshine conjecture of Conway and Norton. Then I motivate modular functions and modular forms from the classification of complex tori, with the definitions of the J-invariant and its q-expansion as a goal. I eventually provide evidence for the monstrous moonshine correspondence, state the conjecture, and then present the ideas that led to its proof. Lastly I give a brief account of some recent developments and current research directions in the field.

math.NT

Cusps, Congruence Groups and Monstrous Dessins

We study general properties of the dessins d'enfants associated with the Hecke congruence subgroups $\Gamma_0(N)$ of the modular group $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$. The definition of the $\Gamma_0(N)$ as the stabilisers of couples of projective lattices in a two-dimensional vector space gives an interpretation of the quotient set $\Gamma_0(N)\backslash\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ as the projective lattices $N$-hyperdistant from a reference one, and hence as the projective line over the ring $\mathbb{Z}/N\mathbb{Z}$. The natural action of $\mathrm{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ on the lattices defines a dessin d'enfant structure, allowing for a combinatorial approach to features of the classical modular curves, such as the torsion points and the cusps. We tabulate the dessins d'enfants associated with the $15$ Hecke congruence subgroups of genus zero, which arise in Moonshine for the Monster sporadic group.

math.NT

De la structure de jauge des équations de Maxwell à l'étude des théories au delà du Modèle Standard grâce à la mesure du couplage trilinéaire du champ de Higgs

The concept of gauge theories progressively emerged during the 20th century while the building of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This work focusses on some aspects of gauge theories. First, a modern interpretation of Maxwell's equations in terms of differential forms motivates a geometric definition of gauge theories as a theory of connections on principle bundles. After presenting some historical facts about the notion of gauge in particle physics, the geometrical construction is used to study the electroweak theory and the SM. Though the SM has not been defaulted by any experiments yet, it still remains theoretically incomplete. The Higgs boson discovered in 2012 at LHC, is a particle about which we do not know lots yet. Some interesting clues about how one should extend the SM could be obtained through the observation of significant deviations between the measured value of some parameter of the Higgs boson, and the one predicted by the SM. The trilinear Higgs coupling is one of those interesting parameters. The last part of this work is a phenomenological study of the impact of variations of this coupling on the distributions one can typically get from the CMS particle detector, at LHC.

hep-ph