arXiv subjects

Vanessa Lama

Publications and source records attributed to Vanessa Lama.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

Rethinking Domain Specialization for Open-Ended Scientific Reasoning in Astronomy Language Models

Domain-specialized language models are widely used for scientific question answering, but stronger general-purpose systems raise a sharper question: when does domain-specific fine-tuning remain valuable for open-ended scientific reasoning? We study this in astronomy with a curated QA benchmark from publicly available 2017--2026 Olympiad-style materials. The free-response subset contains 300 questions, including 204 text-only and 96 image-linked examples. We compare open-weight and API-served general-purpose, multimodal, and astronomy-specialized models using judge-based correctness and complementary reference metrics. Strong general-purpose models establish the highest correctness baseline in this testbed, while analyses of metric agreement, judge sensitivity, benchmark composition, and modality reveal variation not captured by a single leaderboard. These results motivate treating domain specialization as a task- and deployment-dependent property and highlight the role of domain-specific evaluation in determining which models, capabilities, and evaluation criteria are appropriate for scientific workflows.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2026

AstroMLab 4: Benchmark-Topping Performance in Astronomy Q&A with a 70B-Parameter Domain-Specialized Reasoning Model

General-purpose large language models (LLMs), despite their broad capabilities, often struggle with specialized domain knowledge. This gap hinders their deployment as reliable research agents in demanding fields such as astronomy. Building on our prior work with AstroSage-Llama-3.1-8B, this study introduces AstroSage-Llama-3.1-70B, a 70-billion parameter domain-specialized natural-language AI assistant. It is designed for research and education across astronomy, astrophysics, space science, astroparticle physics, cosmology, and astronomical instrumentation. Developed from the Meta-Llama-3.1-70B foundation, AstroSage-Llama-3.1-70B underwent extensive continued pre-training (CPT) on a vast corpus of astronomical literature, followed by supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and model merging. We integrated reasoning chains into the SFT dataset, enabling AstroSage-Llama-3.1-70B to either answer the user query immediately, or first emit a human-readable thought process. Evaluated on a validated subset of 3,846 questions from the AstroMLab-1 benchmark (Ting et al., 2024) -- derived from literature withheld during training -- AstroSage-Llama-3.1-70B achieves top-tier performance (89.0%), matching GPT-5.2, Claude-4.5-Opus, and Gemini-3-Pro while being more cost-efficient. This work demonstrates that domain specialization, when applied to large-scale models, can enable them to outperform generalist counterparts in specialized knowledge areas like astronomy, thereby advancing the frontier of AI capabilities in the field.

astro-ph.IM↗

arXiv2025

ORCHID: Orchestrated Retrieval-Augmented Classification with Human-in-the-Loop Intelligent Decision-Making for High-Risk Property

High-Risk Property (HRP) classification is critical at U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites, where inventories include sensitive and often dual-use equipment. Compliance must track evolving rules designated by various export control policies to make transparent and auditable decisions. Traditional expert-only workflows are time-consuming, backlog-prone, and struggle to keep pace with shifting regulatory boundaries. We demo ORCHID, a modular agentic system for HRP classification that pairs retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with human oversight to produce policy-based outputs that can be audited. Small cooperating agents, retrieval, description refiner, classifier, validator, and feedback logger, coordinate via agent-to-agent messaging and invoke tools through the Model Context Protocol (MCP) for model-agnostic on-premise operation. The interface follows an Item to Evidence to Decision loop with step-by-step reasoning, on-policy citations, and append-only audit bundles (run-cards, prompts, evidence). In preliminary tests on real HRP cases, ORCHID improves accuracy and traceability over a non-agentic baseline while deferring uncertain items to Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). The demonstration shows single item submission, grounded citations, SME feedback capture, and exportable audit artifacts, illustrating a practical path to trustworthy LLM assistance in sensitive DOE compliance workflows.

cs.AI↗