Mesh-Degree Rigidity for Positive Chebyshev-Fourier Approximants
Let $d_k>0$ and let $Q_k$ be a polynomial of degree $r_k$ with nonnegative Chebyshev coefficients. We study locally uniform limits of $f_k(z)=C_kQ_k(\cos(d_kz))$, where $C_k>0$. If $f_k\to F$ locally uniformly and $F(0)>0$, the associated positive lattice measures converge weakly, their second moments converge, and their quadratic tails are uniformly integrable. If additionally all zeros of $Q_k$ lie in $[-1,1)$, $d_k\to0$, and $F$ has order below two, then for every $A>0$ with $F(A)F(-A)\ne0$, $\limsup_{k\to\infty} r_kd_k^2\le 4\sum_{γ_n>A}γ_n^{-2}$, where $\{\pmγ_n\}$ are the nonzero real zeros of $F$, counted with multiplicity. If, moreover, $f_k\to F$ locally uniformly with $F(0)>0$, all zeros of $Q_k$ lie in $[-1,1)$, and $F$ has no nonzero real period, has order below two, and is not of finite exponential type, then $d_k\to0$, $r_kd_k\to\infty$, and $r_kd_k^2\to0$. Equivalently, $d_k^{-1}=o(r_k)$ and $r_k=o(d_k^{-2})$. Boundary examples show the role of the hypotheses and the Gaussian boundary at order two.