arXiv subjects

Vee-Liem Saw

Publications and source records attributed to Vee-Liem Saw.

22 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

arXiv2015

Helicalised fractals

We formulate the helicaliser, which replaces a given smooth curve by another curve that winds around it. In our analysis, we relate this formulation to the geometrical properties of the self-similar circular fractal (the discrete version of the curved helical fractal). Iterative applications of the helicaliser to a given curve yields a set of helicalisations, with the infinitely helicalised object being a fractal. We derive the Hausdorff dimension for the infinitely helicalised straight line and circle, showing that it takes the form of the self-similar dimension for a self-similar fractal, with lower bound of 1. Upper bounds to the Hausdorff dimension as functions of $ω$ have been determined for the linear helical fractal, curved helical fractal and circular fractal, based on the no-self-intersection constraint. For large number of windings $ω\rightarrow\infty$, the upper bounds all have the limit of 2. This would suggest that carrying out a topological analysis on the structure of chromosomes by modelling it as a two-dimensional surface may be beneficial towards further understanding on the dynamics of DNA packaging.

nlin.AO↗

arXiv2014

A theory of static friction between homogeneous surfaces based on compressible elastic smooth microscopic inclines

We develop a theory of static friction by modeling the homogeneous surfaces of contact as being composed of a regular array of compressible elastic smooth microscopic inclines. Static friction is thought of as the resistance due to having to push the load over these smooth microscopic inclines that share a common inclination angle. As the normal force between the surfaces increases, the microscopic inclines would be compressed elastically. Consequently, the coefficient of static friction does not remain constant but becomes smaller for a larger normal force, since the load would then only need to be pushed over smaller angles. However, a larger normal force would also increase the effective compressed area between the surfaces, as such the pressure is distributed over this larger effective compressed area. The relationship between the normal force and the common angle is therefore non-linear. Overall, static friction is shown to depend on the normal force, apparent contact area, Young's modulus, and the compressed efficiency ratio (effective compressed area per apparent contact area). Experimental measurements using teflon were carried out, and the results confirm predictions of this theory.

physics.class-ph↗

arXiv2014

A rotating universe outside a Schwarzschild black hole where spacetime itself non-uniformly rotates

We study a non-uniformly rotating universe outside a Schwarzschild black hole by generating a time-dependent manifold of revolution around a straight line. In this simple model where layers of spherical shells of the universe non-uniformly rotate, the Einstein field equations require this phenomenon to be caused by a static mass-energy distribution with time-dependent $T^{ϕϕ}$ (quadratic with time) and $T^{rϕ}=T^{ϕr}$ (linear with time). This indicates that a time-dependent stress along a certain direction results in a spacetime shift in that direction. For this model however, such material violates the null energy condition. Incidentally, the various coordinate systems describing the Schwarzschild solution can be viewed as arising from the freedom in parametrising the straight line and the radial function in the general method of constructing spacetime by generating manifolds of revolution around a given curve.

gr-qc↗

arXiv2013

Curved traversable wormholes in (3+1)-dimensional spacetime

We present the general method of constructing curved traversable wormholes in (3+1)-d spacetime and proceed to thoroughly discuss the physics of a zero tidal force metric without cross-terms. The (3+1)-d solution is compared with the recently studied lower-dimensional counterpart, where we identify that the much richer physics - involving pressures and shear forces of the mass-energy fluid supporting the former - is attributed to the mixing of all three spatial coordinates. Our (3+1)-d universe is the lowest dimension where such nontrivial terms appear. An explicit example, the static zero tidal force (3+1)-d catenary wormhole is analysed and we show the existence of a geodesic through it supported locally by non-exotic matter, similar to the (2+1)-d version. A key difference is that positive mass-energy is used to support the entire (3+1)-d catenary wormhole, though violation of the null energy condition in certain regions is inevitable. This general approach of first constructing the geometry of the spacetime and then using the field equations to determine the physics to support it has the potential to discover new solutions in general relativity or to generalise existing ones. For instance, the metric of a time-evolving inflationary wormhole with a conformal factor can actually be geometrically constructed using our method.

gr-qc↗