Logarithm of the Universal Two-Valued Formal Group
We solve the long-standing problem of determining the exact denominators of the coefficients of the logarithm $B(x)=x+\sum_{n\geq1}b_nx^{n+1}$, obtained from the universal formal group of complex cobordism by the modulus square construction: $$ b_n=\frac{C_n}{d_n},\qquad d_n=\frac{n+1}{2}\operatorname{lcm}(1,\ldots,2n+2), $$ where $C_n\inΩ_{\mathrm U}^{-4n}$ is primitive and undecomposable. We prove that $C_n$ belongs to the coefficient ring $Λ$ of the universal two-valued law and to the subring $Λ_{\mathrm{St}}$ generated by quotient Stong manifolds, and give an explicit integral Stong manifold formula for it. The rational lift of $b_n$ to quaternionic cobordism modulo torsion has exact denominator $2d_n$. Consequently, $C_n$ has no integral quaternionic lift, whereas $2C_n$ does. Every Chern number of $C_n$ is divisible by $d_n$, and $c_{2n}(C_n)=d_n$. We introduce odd genera $\mathrm{Bc}_N$. For $N\geq n$, $\mathrm{Bc}_N$ detects the odd part of $d_n$. Its restriction to the Stong ring is integral exactly for $N\leq3$, while the universal odd genus $\mathrm{Bc}_{\infty}$ takes values there with only odd denominators. For every $n\geq5$, we construct undecomposable classes in $Λ^{-4n}$ with equal Ochanine genera and top Chern numbers but distinct $\mathrm{Bc}_3$ values. Finally, the oriented extension of $\mathrm{Bc}_3$ is integral on closed spin manifolds of real dimension below $24$ and on closed string manifolds of real dimension at most $24$. The spin bound is sharp: an Anderson-Brown-Peterson spin $24$-manifold has nonintegral $\mathrm{Bc}_3$ genus.