Near-field Dressing of Thermal Emission
Radiative heat transfer at subwavelength distances is generally understood as enhanced energy exchange mediated by photon tunnelling between neighboring bodies. While near-field interactions can dramatically increase mutual heat transfer, whether they also modify the thermal radiation emitted by the bodies themselves remains an open question. Here we experimentally show that near-field electromagnetic coupling reshapes far-field thermal emission through a distance-dependent dressed emissivity. Using a dual-probe calorimetric platform, we independently monitor the radiative balance of two borosilicate microspheres over separations ranging from 120 micrometers to a few hundred nanometers, spanning the transition from the far field to the near field. Nanowatt-resolved differential radiometry reveals asymmetric heat fluxes and a non-monotonic response of the hotter sphere, demonstrating that thermal radiation is governed not only by emitter-bath interactions but also by coupling to the surrounding photonic environment. By analyzing the total power exchanged between the coupled system and the external thermal bath, we directly extract a dressed emissivity and show that near-field interactions renormalize the far-field thermal emission of the pair through a redistribution of the electromagnetic modes available to thermal fluctuations. These observations provide direct experimental evidence that thermal emitters are dressed by their electromagnetic environment, establishing a thermal analogue of the Purcell effect.