arXiv subjects

Vishal Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to Vishal Sharma.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

arXiv2018

Security management for backhaul-aware 5G-V2X

Security is a primary concern for the networks aiming at the utilization of Cellular (C) services for connecting Vehicles to Everything (V2X). At present, C-V2X is observing a paradigm shift from Long Term Evolution (LTE) - Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) to Fifth Generation (5G) based functional architecture. However, security and credential management are still concerns to be resolved under 5G-V2X. A sizably voluminous number of key updates and non-availability of sub-functions at the edge cause adscititious overheads and decrement the performance while alarming the possibilities of variants of cyber attacks. In this paper, security management is studied as a principle of sustainability and its tradeoff is evaluated with the number of key-updates required to maintain an authenticated connection of a vehicle to the 5G-terminals keeping intact the security functions at the backhaul. A numerical study is presented to determine the claims and understand the proposed tradeoff.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2018

Internet of Drones (IoD): Threats, Vulnerability, and Security Perspectives

The development of the Internet of Drones (IoD) becomes vital because of a proliferation of drone-based civilian or military applications. The IoD based technological revolution upgrades the current Internet environment into a more pervasive and ubiquitous world. IoD is capable of enhancing the state-of-the-art for drones while leveraging services from the existing cellular networks. Irrespective to a vast domain and range of applications, IoD is vulnerable to malicious attacks over open-air radio space. Due to increasing threats and attacks, there has been a lot of attention on deploying security measures for IoD networks. In this paper, critical threats and vulnerabilities of IoD are presented. Moreover, taxonomy is created to classify attacks based on the threats and vulnerabilities associated with the networking of drone and their incorporation in the existing cellular setups. In addition, this article summarizes the challenges and research directions to be followed for the security of IoD.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2018

Analysis of Quantum Key Distribution based Satellite Communication

Quantum key distribution is an effective encryption technique which can be used to perform secure quantum communication between satellite and ground stations. Quantum cryptography enhances security in various networks such as optical fibers and wireless networks. In addition to this, these networks become vulnerable in presence of high attenuation due to atmospheric effects and noise. Hence, errors occur due to decoherence. The noisy quantum channel is modeled and implemented by the redundancy-free quantum error correction scheme which provides better security and throughput efficiency as shown in simulation results.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2018

Decoherence can help quantum cryptographic security

In quantum key distribution, one conservatively assumes that the eavesdropper Eve is restricted only by physical laws, whereas the legitimate parties, namely the sender Alice and receiver Bob, are subject to realistic constraints, such as noise due to environment-induced decoherence. In practice, Eve too may be bound by the limits imposed by noise, which can give rise to the possibility that decoherence works to the advantage of the legitimate parties. A particular scenario of this type is one where Eve can't replace the noisy communication channel with an ideal one, but her eavesdropping channel itself remains noiseless. Here, we point out such a situation, where the security of the Ping-Pong protocol (modified to a key distribution scheme) against a noise-restricted adversary improves under a non-unital noisy channel, but deteriorates under unital channels. This highlights the surprising fact that, contrary to the conventional expectation, noise can be helpful to quantum information processing. Furthermore, we point out that the measurement outcome data in the context of the non-unital channel can't be simulated by classical noise locally added by the legitimate users.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2018

Lifted Marginal MAP Inference

Lifted inference reduces the complexity of inference in relational probabilistic models by identifying groups of constants (or atoms) which behave symmetric to each other. A number of techniques have been proposed in the literature for lifting marginal as well MAP inference. We present the first application of lifting rules for marginal-MAP (MMAP), an important inference problem in models having latent (random) variables. Our main contribution is two fold: (1) we define a new equivalence class of (logical) variables, called Single Occurrence for MAX (SOM), and show that solution lies at extreme with respect to the SOM variables, i.e., predicate groundings differing only in the instantiation of the SOM variables take the same truth value (2) we define a sub-class {\em SOM-R} (SOM Reduce) and exploit properties of extreme assignments to show that MMAP inference can be performed by reducing the domain of SOM-R variables to a single constant.We refer to our lifting technique as the {\em SOM-R} rule for lifted MMAP. Combined with existing rules such as decomposer and binomial, this results in a powerful framework for lifted MMAP. Experiments on three benchmark domains show significant gains in both time and memory compared to ground inference as well as lifted approaches not using SOM-R.

cs.AI↗

arXiv2018

Intrusion Detection Systems for Networked Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Survey

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)-based civilian or military applications become more critical to serving civilian and/or military missions. The significantly increased attention on UAV applications also has led to security concerns particularly in the context of networked UAVs. Networked UAVs are vulnerable to malicious attacks over open-air radio space and accordingly, intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have been naturally derived to deal with the vulnerabilities and/or attacks. In this paper, we briefly survey the state-of-the-art IDS mechanisms that deal with vulnerabilities and attacks under networked UAV environments. In particular, we classify the existing IDS mechanisms according to information gathering sources, deployment strategies, detection methods, detection states, IDS acknowledgment, and intrusion types. We conclude this paper with research challenges, insights, and future research directions to propose a networked UAV-IDS system which meets required standards of effectiveness and efficiency in terms of the goals of both security and performance.

cs.CR↗

arXiv2018

A Survey on the Security of Pervasive Online Social Networks (POSNs)

Pervasive Online Social Networks (POSNs) are the extensions of Online Social Networks (OSNs) which facilitate connectivity irrespective of the domain and properties of users. POSNs have been accumulated with the convergence of a plethora of social networking platforms with a motivation of bridging their gap. Over the last decade, OSNs have visually perceived an altogether tremendous amount of advancement in terms of the number of users as well as technology enablers. A single OSN is the property of an organization, which ascertains smooth functioning of its accommodations for providing a quality experience to their users. However, with POSNs, multiple OSNs have coalesced through communities, circles, or only properties, which make service-provisioning tedious and arduous to sustain. Especially, challenges become rigorous when the focus is on the security perspective of cross-platform OSNs, which are an integral part of POSNs. Thus, it is of utmost paramountcy to highlight such a requirement and understand the current situation while discussing the available state-of-the-art. With the modernization of OSNs and convergence towards POSNs, it is compulsory to understand the impact and reach of current solutions for enhancing the security of users as well as associated services. This survey understands this requisite and fixates on different sets of studies presented over the last few years and surveys them for their applicability to POSNs...

cs.NI↗

arXiv2018

NHAD: Neuro-Fuzzy Based Horizontal Anomaly Detection In Online Social Networks

Use of social network is the basic functionality of today's life. With the advent of more and more online social media, the information available and its utilization have come under the threat of several anomalies. Anomalies are the major cause of online frauds which allow information access by unauthorized users as well as information forging. One of the anomalies that act as a silent attacker is the horizontal anomaly. These are the anomalies caused by a user because of his/her variable behaviour towards different sources. Horizontal anomalies are difficult to detect and hazardous for any network. In this paper, a self-healing neuro-fuzzy approach (NHAD) is used for the detection, recovery, and removal of horizontal anomalies efficiently and accurately. The proposed approach operates over the five paradigms, namely, missing links, reputation gain, significant difference, trust properties, and trust score. The proposed approach is evaluated with three datasets: DARPA'98 benchmark dataset, synthetic dataset, and real-time traffic. Results show that the accuracy of the proposed NHAD model for 10% to 30% anomalies in synthetic dataset ranges between 98.08% and 99.88%. The evaluation over DARPA'98 dataset demonstrates that the proposed approach is better than the existing solutions as it provides 99.97% detection rate for anomalous class. For real-time traffic, the proposed NHAD model operates with an average accuracy of 99.42% at 99.90% detection rate.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2018

Self-enforcing Game Theory-based Resource Allocation for LoRaWAN Assisted Public Safety Communications

Public safety networks avail to disseminate information during emergency situations through its dedicated servers. Public safety networks accommodate public safety communication (PSC) applications to track the location of its utilizers and enable to sustain transmissions even in the crucial scenarios. Despite that, if the traditional setups responsible for PSCs are unavailable, it becomes prodigiously arduous to handle any of the safety applications, which may cause havoc in the society. Dependence on a secondary network may assist to solve such an issue. But, the secondary networks should be facilely deployable and must not cause exorbitant overheads in terms of cost and operation. For this, LoRaWAN can be considered as an ideal solution as it provides low power and long-range communication. However, an excessive utilization of the secondary network may result in high depletion of its own resources and can lead to a complete shutdown of services, which is a quandary at hand. As a solution, this paper proposes a novel network model via a combination of LoRaWAN and traditional public safety networks, and uses a self-enforcing agreement based game theory for allocating resources efficiently amongst the available servers. The proposed approach adopts memory and energy constraints as agreements, which are satisfied through Nash equilibrium. The numerical results show that the proposed approach is capable of efficiently allocating the resources with sufficiently high gains for resource conservation, network sustainability, resource restorations and probability to continue at the present conditions even in the complete absence of traditional Access Points (APs) compared with a baseline scenario with no failure of nodes.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2018

A framework for mitigating zero-day attacks in IoT

Internet of Things (IoT) aims at providing connectivity between every computing entity. However, this facilitation is also leading to more cyber threats which may exploit the presence of a vulnerability of a period of time. One such vulnerability is the zero-day threat that may lead to zero-day attacks which are detrimental to an enterprise as well as the network security. In this article, a study is presented on the zero-day threats for IoT networks and a context graph-based framework is presented to provide a strategy for mitigating these attacks. The proposed approach uses a distributed diagnosis system for classifying the context at the central service provider as well as at the local user site. Once a potential zero-day attack is identified, a critical data sharing protocol is used to transmit alert messages and reestablish the trust between the network entities and the IoT devices. The results show that the distributed approach is capable of mitigating the zero-day threats efficiently with 33% and 21% improvements in terms of cost of operation and communication overheads, respectively, in comparison with the centralized diagnosis system.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2018

QoS-Aware Routing in Wireless Networks Using Aerial Vehicles

The next generation wireless networks need efficient mechanisms for data dissemination that should support users with better Quality of Service (QoS). Nevertheless, the existing solutions are unable to handle this demand and require either network redeployment or replanning. Moreover, this upsurges the overall operational cost and complexity of the network. This problem can be addressed by deploying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), which can act as on-demand relays in next generation wireless networks. In this work, a novel strategy comprising a series of algorithms based on neural networks is devised, which resolves the issues related to data dissemination, QoS, capacity, and coverage. When compared with the existing methods, the proposed approach demonstrates better outcomes for various parameters, namely, throughput, message disseminations, service dissemination rate, UAV allocation time, route acquisition delay, link utilization and signal to noise ratio for end users. The experimental results exhibit the fact that the proposed approach utilizes 39.6%, 41.6%, 43.5%, 44.4%, and 46.9% lesser iterations than the EEDD, A-Star, OCD, GPCR, and GyTAR, respectively. Therefore, it is evident that the proposed approach surpasses the existing methods by means of superior performance and augmented efficiency.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2017

Extension of MIH to Support FPMIPv6 for Optimized Heterogeneous Handover

Fast handover for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (FPMIPv6) can reduce handover delay and packet loss compared with Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). However, FPMIPv6 still cannot handle heterogeneous handovers due to the lack of unified Layer 2 triggering mechanism along with the booming of emerging wireless technologies. Media Independent Handover (MIH) can provide heterogeneous handover support, and a lot of integration solutions have been proposed for it. However, most of them focus on the integration of MIH and PMIPv6, and require the additional mechanisms, which are out of the scope the MIH and difficult to standardize the operations. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an integration solution of FPMIPv6 and MIH by extending the existing MIH standards, and adopt the city section mobility model to analyze its performance under different scenarios. The analytical results show that the proposed solution is capable of reducing the handover delay and the signaling cost compared with the standard as well as the fast handover solutions.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2017

Managing Service-Heterogeneity using Osmotic Computing

Computational resource provisioning that is closer to a user is becoming increasingly important, with a rise in the number of devices making continuous service requests and with the significant recent take up of latency-sensitive applications, such as streaming and real-time data processing. Fog computing provides a solution to such types of applications by bridging the gap between the user and public/private cloud infrastructure via the inclusion of a "fog" layer. Such approach is capable of reducing the overall processing latency, but the issues of redundancy, cost-effectiveness in utilizing such computing infrastructure and handling services on the basis of a difference in their characteristics remain. This difference in characteristics of services because of variations in the requirement of computational resources and processes is termed as service heterogeneity. A potential solution to these issues is the use of Osmotic Computing -- a recently introduced paradigm that allows division of services on the basis of their resource usage, based on parameters such as energy, load, processing time on a data center vs. a network edge resource. Service provisioning can then be divided across different layers of a computational infrastructure, from edge devices, in-transit nodes, and a data center, and supported through an Osmotic software layer. In this paper, a fitness-based Osmosis algorithm is proposed to provide support for osmotic computing by making more effective use of existing Fog server resources. The proposed approach is capable of efficiently distributing and allocating services by following the principle of osmosis. The results are presented using numerical simulations demonstrating gains in terms of lower allocation time and a higher probability of services being handled with high resource utilization.

cs.DC↗

arXiv2016

TCP-aware Cross Layer Scheduling with Adaptive Modulation in IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) Networks

In this paper, we propose Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)-aware cross layer scheduling algorithms in a multipoint-to-point network such as the uplink of an IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) network. Inadequate bandwidth allocation to a TCP flow may lead to timeout and since TCP source drops its congestion window ($cwnd$) immediately after a timeout, it may affect the average throughput adversely. On the other hand, since the TCP source increases its $cwnd$ only linearly upon the availability of bandwidth, any excess assignment of bandwidth may remain underutilized. The proposed scheduling algorithms address this by allocating the resources based on $cwnd$ and TCP timeout. Moreover, since we focus on uplink scheduling, we consider that only {\em flow} level resource requirement is communicated to the Base Station ($BS$) instead of per {\em packet} information. The schedulers also take into account the wireless channel characteristics and are thus cross layer in nature. Through exhaustive simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed schedulers exhibit enhanced throughput and fairness properties when compared to that of Round Robin (RR) scheduler under different shadowing. We demonstrate a gain between 3.5 \% to 15 \% in throughput and 15 \% to 25 \% in channel utilization over RR scheduler under different shadowing.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2016

UAV-Assisted Heterogeneous Networks for Capacity Enhancement

Modern day wireless networks have tremendously evolved driven by a sharp increase in user demands, continuously requesting more data and services. This puts significant strain on infrastructure based macro cellular networks due to the inefficiency in handling these traffic demands, cost effectively. A viable solution is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as intermediate aerial nodes between the macro and small cell tiers for improving coverage and boosting capacity. This letter investigates the problem of user demand based UAV assignment over geographical areas subject to high traffic demands. A neural based cost function approach is formulated in which UAVs are matched to a particular geographical area. It is shown that leveraging multiple UAVs not only provides long range connectivity but also better load balancing and traffic offload. Simulation study demonstrate that the proposed approach yields significant improvements in terms of 5th percentile spectral efficiency up to 38\% and reduced delays up to 37.5\% compared to a ground-based network baseline without UAVs.

cs.NI↗

arXiv2016

A comparative study of protocols for secure quantum communication under noisy environment: single-qubit-based protocols versus entangled-state-based protocols

The effect of noise on various protocols of secure quantum communication has been studied. Specifically, we have investigated the effect of amplitude damping, phase damping, squeezed generalized amplitude damping, Pauli type as well as various collective noise models on the protocols of quantum key distribution, quantum key agreement,quantum secure direct quantum communication and quantum dialogue. From each type of protocol of secure quantum communication, we have chosen two protocols for our comparative study; one based on single qubit states and the other one on entangled states. The comparative study reported here has revealed that single-qubit-based schemes are generally found to perform better in the presence of amplitude damping, phase damping, squeezed generalized amplitude damping noises, while entanglement-based protocols turn out to be preferable in the presence of collective noises. It is also observed that the effect of noise entirely depends upon the number of rounds of quantum communication involved in a scheme of quantum communication. Further, it is observed that squeezing, a completely quantum mechanical resource present in the squeezed generalized amplitude channel, can be used in a beneficial way as it may yield higher fidelity compared to the corresponding zero squeezing case.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2014

Controlled bidirectional remote state preparation in noisy environment: A generalized view

It is shown that a realistic, controlled bidirectional remote state preparation is possible using a large class of entangled quantum states having a particular structure. Existing protocols of probabilistic, deterministic and joint remote state preparation are generalized to obtain the corresponding protocols of controlled bidirectional remote state preparation (CBRSP). A general way of incorporating the effects of two well known noise processes, the amplitude-damping and phase-damping noise, on the probabilistic CBRSP process is studied in detail by considering that noise only affects the travel qubits of the quantum channel used for the probabilistic CBRSP process. Also indicated is how to account for the effect of these noise channels on deterministic and joint remote state CBRSP protocols.

quant-ph↗

arXiv2010

Analysis of Beaulieu Pulse Shaping Family Based FIR Filter for WCDMA

The analysis and simulation of transmit and receive pulse shaping filter is an important aspect of digital wireless communication since it has a direct effect on error probabilities. Pulse shaping for wireless communication over time as well as frequency selective channels is the need of hour for 3G and 4G systems. The pulse shaping filter is a useful means to shape the signal spectrum and avoid interferences. Basically digital filters are used to modify the characteristics of signal in time and frequency domain and have been recognized as primary digital signal processing operations.

cs.NI↗