arXiv subjects

Viswonathan Manoranjan

Publications and source records attributed to Viswonathan Manoranjan.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

arXiv2026

The Patient Is Always Right? Evaluating Sycophancy in Medical Diagnosis with Graded Patient Beliefs

More people are seeking out general-purpose AI models for medical advice, including diagnosis. Yet, AI models are susceptible to sycophancy, like validating users' beliefs even when they are untrue, which could lead to false positive diagnoses. Here, we evaluate how nine AI models change their diagnostic decision when a patient presents a belief that they have a specific (but incorrect) medical condition. We vary how close the user belief is to the clinical evidence presented. Models sycophantically adopt the patient's belief on average 23.2\% of the time---sometimes even when the patient proposes a fictional, made-up condition. We also varied different personas, including a Rare Disease Claimer that got models to accept their belief 43.0\% of the time. Additional analyses find that medical fine-tuning and model scale makes models less susceptible to changing their diagnoses. Sycophantic bias in medical diagnosis raises implications for safety, especially as more people are using AI for health support.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

SHARD: Safe and Helpful Alignment via Self-Reframing Distillation

Large language models often struggle with sensitive prompts. They may refuse outright, provide generic safety boilerplate, or fail to address the user's legitimate informational needs that can be answered safely. We introduce SHARD, a self-reframing distillation method to improve safe-helpfulness. It first rewrites sensitive prompts to surface benign intent using philosophical guidelines, then reframes its original responses into safe, more helpful ones, and finally fine-tunes the model on its self-reframed responses. Across DNA and the English subset of LINGUASAFE, SHARD improves helpfulness for most model families while preserving safety. It also remains competitive with distillation from a larger teacher model, suggesting that models can internalize safe and helpful behavior elicited from their own. Warning: This paper contains content that may be offensive or harmful.

cs.CL↗

arXiv2026

RESEARCHHUB: A Personalized Literature Discovery System for Biomedical Preprints

We present ResearchHub, an interactive system for personalized literature discovery over biomedical preprints. Given a researcher profile or a free-form query, ResearchHub retrieves relevant papers from a domain-specific MedRxiv corpus and helps users move beyond near-duplicate recommendations through controllable novelty, diversity, and curriculum ordering. At the core of the system is prism, a bi-encoder retriever adapted to biomedical preprints using GPT-4o-generated natural language queries and a hybrid Multiple Negatives Ranking plus MarginMSE objective with cross-encoder soft labels. On 44,937 MedRxiv papers from 2023--2025, prism outperforms strong off-the-shelf dense retrievers, improving Recall@10 over SPECTER2-Search by 12.4 percentage points. ResearchHub further supports frontier retrieval based on a user's reading history, DPP-based diversity re-ranking, Local Intrinsic Dimensionality ordering from mainstream to specialized papers, and lightweight attribution cards for result explanation. The full pipeline runs with low latency, making the system suitable

cs.IR↗

arXiv2026

When Identity Overrides Incentives: Representational Choices as Governance Decisions in Multi-Agent LLM Systems

Multi-agent systems built on large language models are increasingly deployed in strategic policy and governance settings, where agents representing stakeholders with conflicting interests must coordinate under shared constraints. These systems typically assign role-based personas to agents, describing their motivations and objectives. Whether agents with role-based identities follow explicit payoffs or their assigned roles in strategic decision-making remains untested. Here we show that assigning role-based personas suppresses payoff-aligned behavior in four-agent strategic games, shifting equilibrium attainment by up to 90 percentage points even when agents have complete payoff information. We test a 2x2 factorial design (persona presence x payoff visibility) across four models (Qwen-7B, Qwen-32B, Llama-8B, Mistral-7B), and 53 environmental policy scenarios with two equilibria: Tragedy of the Commons, where individual payoff dominates, and Green Transition, where collective payoff dominates. With personas present, all models reach near-zero Tragedy equilibrium in the Tragedy-dominant scenarios despite complete payoff information, and 100% of equilibria correspond to Green Transition. No model reaches Tragedy equilibrium by removing personas alone; only Qwen models reach 65-90% Tragedy equilibrium rates when personas are removed, and payoffs are made explicit. Three distinct behavioral profiles emerge: Qwen shifts equilibrium selection based on framing condition, Mistral increases response variance without reaching the Tragedy equilibrium, and Llama holds near-constant across all conditions. Representational choices in multi-agent LLM systems are governance decisions: persona assignment determines which equilibrium a simulation produces, independent of the underlying incentive structure.

cs.MA↗