Harnessing dimensional leakage for continuous-variable randomness certification
Semi-device-independent quantum protocols often rely on strict Hilbert-space dimension assumptions that are difficult to satisfy in realistic implementations, particularly with infinite-dimensional optical fields. The almost-qudit framework addresses this issue by quantifying the leakage of quantum states beyond a target subspace. Although such leakage can severely compromise randomness certification for fixed preparation and measurement inputs, we show that averaging over the full input ensemble can mitigate this vulnerability and extend the range of tolerable leakage. This enhanced robustness enables nonzero randomness certification using low-squeezing single-mode Gaussian states and homodyne detection, thus offering an experimentally accessible continuous-variable implementation.